162,497 research outputs found
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Measuring the viscous flow behaviour of molten metals under shear
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The flow behaviour of liquid metals (Sn, Pb and Sn-Pb eutectic) under different shearing conditions is investigated. Experiments were performed with two designs of concentric cylinder viscometers: rotating the inner cylinder (Searle) and rotating the outer cylinder (Couette). The latter technique is uncommon and the equipment was optimised with standard oils. The flow behaviour for the metals differs in the two systems. The curves of “apparent” viscosity versus shear rate may be divided into two regimes: I. At lower shear rates (<200 s-1): a reduction of “apparent” viscosity with shear was observed with both viscometers. It is suggested that the high density and high surface tension of the metals and eccentricity between the cylinders at low shear rates, leads to instabilities. Results at low shear rates were therefore discarded and further detailed analysis would be required for a fuller understanding of this behaviour. II. At higher shear rates: a steady, shear-independent behaviour of “apparent” viscosity with shear rate is observed in the Couette system (upto 600 s-1) whereas in the Searle system the “apparent” viscosity increases with shear rate (upto 2600 s-1). From hydrodynamic theory about Newtonian fluids, it is suggested that in the Searle type viscometer, the fluid is unstable and Taylor vortices are expected at low shear rates (~80 s-1). This gives rise to an increase in the “apparent” viscosity with shear rate. Whereas, in the Couette type, the flow is more stable, resulting in a steady “apparent” viscosity. This interpretation is consistent with liquid metals behaving as Newtonian fluids, but further research is required to confirm this. The author suggests further experiments, with the prime one being the investigation of the fluid with counter and co-rotation of the cylinders in order to observe more complex flows. The results are expected to have implications in the modelling of flow for liquid metal processes, especially the initiation of Taylor vortices under the unstable flow conditions produced by rotating the inner cylinder
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
No full textThis is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: 1) To compare individual pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults in terms of: efficacy, measured as self-rated quality of sleep or satisfaction with sleep; and acceptability of treatment. 2) To generate a clinically-useful hierarchy of available pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults, according to their efficacy and acceptability
Murder on the mountain: author talk with Peter J. Wosh
No full textAuthor talk by Peter J. Wosh on May 5th, 2022, on his book, "Murder on the Mountain: crime, passion, and punishment in gilded age New Jersey.
Mr. Melvin J. Collier, RWWL AUC, June 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Mr. Melvin J. Collier. Mr. Collier talks about his book, "From Mississippi to Africa: A Journey of Discovery". Daniel Le, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Comparative effects of pharmacological interventions for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
No full textBACKGROUND
Behavioural, cognitive, and pharmacological interventions can all be effective for insomnia. However, because of inadequate resources, medications are more frequently used worldwide. We aimed to estimate the comparative effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for the acute and long-term treatment of adults with insomnia disorder.
METHODS
In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and websites of regulatory agencies from database inception to Nov 25, 2021, to identify published and unpublished randomised controlled trials. We included studies comparing pharmacological treatments or placebo as monotherapy for the treatment of adults (≥18 year) with insomnia disorder. We assessed the certainty of evidence using the confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) framework. Primary outcomes were efficacy (ie, quality of sleep measured by any self-rated scale), treatment discontinuation for any reason and due to side-effects specifically, and safety (ie, number of patients with at least one adverse event) both for acute and long-term treatment. We estimated summary standardised mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) using pairwise and network meta-analysis with random effects. This study is registered with Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PU4QJ.
FINDINGS
We included 170 trials (36 interventions and 47 950 participants) in the systematic review and 154 double-blind, randomised controlled trials (30 interventions and 44 089 participants) were eligible for the network meta-analysis. In terms of acute treatment, benzodiazepines, doxylamine, eszopiclone, lemborexant, seltorexant, zolpidem, and zopiclone were more efficacious than placebo (SMD range: 0·36-0·83 [CINeMA estimates of certainty: high to moderate]). Benzodiazepines, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zopiclone were more efficacious than melatonin, ramelteon, and zaleplon (SMD 0·27-0·71 [moderate to very low]). Intermediate-acting benzodiazepines, long-acting benzodiazepines, and eszopiclone had fewer discontinuations due to any cause than ramelteon (OR 0·72 [95% CI 0·52-0·99; moderate], 0·70 [0·51-0·95; moderate] and 0·71 [0·52-0·98; moderate], respectively). Zopiclone and zolpidem caused more dropouts due to adverse events than did placebo (zopiclone: OR 2·00 [95% CI 1·28-3·13; very low]; zolpidem: 1·79 [1·25-2·50; moderate]); and zopiclone caused more dropouts than did eszopiclone (OR 1·82 [95% CI 1·01-3·33; low]), daridorexant (3·45 [1·41-8·33; low), and suvorexant (3·13 [1·47-6·67; low]). For the number of individuals with side-effects at study endpoint, benzodiazepines, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zopiclone were worse than placebo, doxepin, seltorexant, and zaleplon (OR range 1·27-2·78 [high to very low]). For long-term treatment, eszopiclone and lemborexant were more effective than placebo (eszopiclone: SMD 0·63 [95% CI 0·36-0·90; very low]; lemborexant: 0·41 [0·04-0·78; very low]) and eszopiclone was more effective than ramelteon (0.63 [0·16-1·10; very low]) and zolpidem (0·60 [0·00-1·20; very low]). Compared with ramelteon, eszopiclone and zolpidem had a lower rate of all-cause discontinuations (eszopiclone: OR 0·43 [95% CI 0·20-0·93; very low]; zolpidem: 0·43 [0·19-0·95; very low]); however, zolpidem was associated with a higher number of dropouts due to side-effects than placebo (OR 2·00 [95% CI 1·11-3·70; very low]).
INTERPRETATION
Overall, eszopiclone and lemborexant had a favorable profile, but eszopiclone might cause substantial adverse events and safety data on lemborexant were inconclusive. Doxepin, seltorexant, and zaleplon were well tolerated, but data on efficacy and other important outcomes were scarce and do not allow firm conclusions. Many licensed drugs (including benzodiazepines, daridorexant, suvorexant, and trazodone) can be effective in the acute treatment of insomnia but are associated with poor tolerability, or information about long-term effects is not available. Melatonin, ramelteon, and non-licensed drugs did not show overall material benefits. These results should serve evidence-based clinical practice.
FUNDING
UK National Institute for Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre
Serotonin receptor mechanisms in anti-depressant action
No full textBibliography: leaves 221-270.Serotonin neurones have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of clinical depression to a greater degree than any other neurotransmitter. Additionally, serotonin pathways may playa role in the pathophysiology and treatment of eating disorders, anxiety states and schizophrenia. Molecular biological studies have confirmed pharmacological evidence suggesting the existence of multiple serotonin receptor subtypes and the genes for these receptors, as well as that of the serotonin transporter, have common polymorphic variants. To investigate the effect of repeated treatment with selective serotonin fe-uptake inhibitors (SSRI's) on the function of central 5-HT2C receptors. To assess the effect of polymorphic variation in the 5-HT2c receptor and serotonin transporter on functional responses to selective pharmacological challenge. To determine whether polymorphic variation in the 5-HT receptor and serotonin transporter influence the clinical response of patients with major depression to treatment with serotonergic antidepressants. To assess the effect of repeated treatment with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI's) on the function of central 5-HT2c receptors I used the 5-HT2C receptor agonist, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) as a 5-HT2c probe in a neuroendocrine challenge paradigm. I used the same approach to assess whether polymorphic variation in the 5-HT2c receptor (serine vs cysteine substitution) was associated with differences in functional response to 5-HT2C receptor challenge. I then studied whether polymorphic variation in the serotonin transporter promotor region (long versus short form) was associated with differing functional responses to acute challenge with clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant with a high affinity for the serotonin transporter. Finally, I studied whether either of these polymorphic variants influenced the clinical response of patients with major depression to treatment with SSRI's and clomipramine. SSRI treatment significantly lowered the sensitivity of 5-HT2c receptors as predicted from animal experimental studies. However polymorphic variation in the 5-HTzc receptor did not significantly influence functional responses to m-CPP challenge. In contrast polymorphic variation in the serotonin transporter was associated with differing neuroendocrine responses to acute clomipramine challenge with greater prolactin release being seen in subjects with the long polymorphic variant. Neither the 5-HTzc nor the transporter polymorphisms correlated with clinical response to SSRI and clomipramine treatment in patients with major depression. The ability of SSRI's to produce a functional down-regulation of 5-HTzc receptors may be relevant to certain of their therapeutic effects. Polymorphic variation in the 5-HT2c receptor (serine vs cysteine) seems unlikely to explain functional differences in responses to 5-HTzc receptor challenge or antidepressant responses to SSRI treatment. In contrast variation in the serotonin transporter promotor is associated with differing functional responses to acute serotonin re-uptake blockade. However, this did not correlate with clinical response to longer-term SSRI treatment
A Tripartite Post-Recession Rebalancing
No full textIn this latest Advance & Rutgers Report, entitled “A Tripartite Post-Recession Rebalancing,” Dean James W. Hughes and Professor Joseph J. Seneca deliver an incisive assessment of the current market conditions and obstacles in the path of our economic recovery. They offer a statistical cautionary tale that the private and public sector need to hear and acknowledge in order for the economy to make continued progress.This report was published as Issue Paper Number 7, November 2011, in Advance & Rutgers Report
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