4,685 research outputs found
Phortica (Ashima) libo Zhu, Qin & Chen, 2017, sp. nov.
No full textPhortica (Ashima) libo sp. nov. Figure (1) Diagnosis This species is simi l ar to P. yiqini sp. nov. in the body pattern, but can be distinguished by the sma ll apex of ma l e arista and presence of most l y 2 dorsa l branches (Figure 1 (a)); vertica l process of gonopods submedia ll y with 1 rod- l ike process on l eft side (Figure 1 (d), pr l), and 1 near l y triangu l ar process on right side (Figure 1 (d, e), pr r); see that under that species. The 5.8% interspecific genetic distance to P. yiqini is one of the sma ll est interspecific distances ascertained within this subgenus. Description Frons l arge l y ye ll owish brown, with brownish b l ack band above l unu l e, and 2 l ong- itudina l rows of thick interfronta l setae. Ma l e arista with 2 (most l y) – 3 (on l y in one specimen) dorsa l branches (Figure 1 (a)). Face dark brown, with ye ll owish-white patches on l ower corners. C l ypeus media ll y white, l atera ll y b l ack. Thorax orange-ye ll ow, anteromedia ll y with brown pattern on marmoration. Scute ll um orange-ye ll ow, with obscure brownish pattern. Legs entire l y ye ll ow; fifth tarsomere of fore l eg with l ong seta apica ll y. Abdomina l second tergite ye ll owish-white, with brownish spots sub l atera ll y; tergites third to fifth ye ll owish, with broad brownish-b l ack posterior bands interrupted media ll y; sixth tergite entire l y b l ack. Ma l e termina l ia: Sursty l us with severa l setae and pubescence on dista l margin of inner surface, l acking prensisetae (Figure 1 (c)). Paramere apica ll y knobbed and smooth, submedia ll y s l ight l y curved, basa ll y with 1 sensi ll um (Figure 1 (d, e)). Gonopods asymmetrica ll y sc l erotized the sc l erotized part bifid apica ll y in ventra l view (Figure 1 (d)). Aedeagus membraniform (Figure 1 (e)). Measurements BL = 4.50 mm in ho l otype (range in 3 ma l e paratypes: 4.10 – 4.50 mm), THL = 2.00 mm (1.70 – 2.00 mm), WL = 3.70 mm (3.25 – 3.60 mm), WW = 1.55 mm (1.25 – 1.50 mm), arb = 2/0 (2 – 3/0), adf = 0.67 (0.63 – 0.71), flw = 1.44 (1.43 – 1.50), FW/HW = 0.46 (0.39 – 0.41), ch/o = 0.10 (0.08 – 0.11), prorb = 1.50 (1.38 – 1.67), rcorb = 0.43 (0.40 – 0.56), vb = 0.45 (0.43 – 0.67), dc l = 0.55 (0.42 – 0.55), presct l = 0.50 (0.46 – 0.54), sct l = 1.17 (1.17 – 1.35), sterno = 0.80 (0.80 – 0.83), orbito = 1.83 (1.80 – 2.00), dcp = 0.33 (0.27 – 0.30), sct l p = 1.20 (1.25 – 1.30), C = 2.15 (1.79 – 2.10), 4c = 1.70 (1.60 – 1.90), 4v = 3.25 (2.85 – 3.25), 5x = 1.07 (1.14 – 1.25), ac = 3.40 (3.18 – 3.62), M = 0.80 (0.75 – 0,80), C3 F = 0.59 (0.53 – 0.66). Type specimens Holotype male (SCAU, No. 124437), China: Libo, Maolan, Guizhou, 25.283°N, 107.900°E, altitude 850 m, 20 July 2015, YQ Liu. Paratypes: 1 ma l e (SCAU, No. 124438), same l oca l ity data as ho l otype; 2 ma l es (SCAU, Nos. 124439, 40), 21 September 2015, J Huang, YQ Liu, YL Wang, Y Zhang, l oca l ity as for ho l otype. Etymology Toponym, according to the l oca l ity of type specimens.Published as part of Lin Zhu, Ting Qin & Hongwei Chen, 2017, Three new species of the subgenus Ashima (Diptera: Drosophildae: Phortica) from southwestern China, with DNA barcoding information, pp. 70-82 in Journal of Natural History 51 (1) on pages 73-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1247480, http://zenodo.org/record/40071
Phortica (Ashima) yiqini Zhu, Qin & Chen, 2017, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Phortica</i> (<i>Ashima</i>) <i>yiqini</i> sp. nov. Figure (3) <i>Diagnosis</i> <p>Arista with 3 distinct dorsa l branches basally (Figure 3 (a)); vertical process of the left side of gonopods bifurcated posteriorly (Figure 3 (d), pr l).</p> <i>Description</i> <p>Frons brownish, with 2 l ongitudina l rows of thick interfronta l setae. Face brown above, dark brown be l ow, with ye ll owish-white patches on l ower corners. C l ypeus media ll y white, l atera ll y b l ack. Thorax orange-ye ll ow l atera ll y, with b l ack pattern media ll y. Scute ll um orange-ye ll ow, with obscure brownish pattern on marmoration. Legs entire l y ye ll ow; fifth tarsomere of fore l eg with l ong seta apica ll y. Abdomina l second tergite ye ll owish-white, with brownish spots sub l atera ll y; third to fifth tergites ye ll owish, with broad brownish-b l ack posterior bands interrupted media ll y; sixth tergite entire l y b l ack. Ma l e termina l ia: epandrium near l y entire l y pubescent, with dense setae (Figure 3 (b)). Sursty l us with severa l setae and pubescence (Figure 3 (c)). Paramere apica ll y knobbed, and with 1 sensi ll um subbasa ll y (Figure 3 (d, e)). Aedeagus l acking sc l erotized median rod (Figure 3 (e)).</p> <i>Measurements</i> <p> BL = 4.80 mm in ho l otype (range in 8 ma l e paratypes: 4.10 <i>–</i> 5.10 mm), THL = 2.25 mm (1.75 <i>–</i> 2.25 mm), WL = 3.80 mm (3.40 <i>–</i> 4.00 mm), WW = 1.55 mm (1.50 <i>–</i> 1.80 mm), arb = 3/ 0, adf = 0.67 (0.50 <i>–</i> 0.67), flw = 1.33 (1.20 <i>–</i> 1.38), FW/HW = 0.47 (0.35 <i>–</i> 0.46), ch/o = 0.10 (0.08 <i>–</i> 0.11), prorb = 1.17 (1.17 <i>–</i> 1.36), rcorb = 0.50 (0.45 <i>–</i> 0.58), vb = 0.56 (0.45 <i>–</i> 0.56), dc l = 0.50 (0.33 <i>–</i> 0.50), presct l = 0.63 (0.57 <i>–</i> 0.71), sct l = 1.20 (0.94 <i>–</i> 1.31), sterno = 0.80 (0.75 <i>–</i> 0.88), orbito = 1.54 (1.43 <i>–</i> 1.67), dcp = 0.26 (0.20 <i>–</i> 0.31), sct l p = 1.17 (1.08 <i>–</i> 1.40), C = 2.11 (1.78 <i>–</i> 2.25), 4c = 1.71 (1.50 <i>–</i> 1.80), 4v = 3.14 (2.71 <i>–</i> 3.40), 5x = 1.29 (1.00 <i>–</i> 1.33), ac = 3.27 (3.0 <i>–</i> 3.80), M = 0.86 (0.67 <i>–</i> 1.00), C3 F = 0.69 (0.56 <i>–</i> 0.69).</p> <i>Type specimens</i> <p> Holotype male (SCAU, No. 124448), China: Libo, Maolan, Guizhou, 25.283°N, 107.900°E, a l titude 750 m, 20 July 2015, YQ Liu. Paratypes: 4 ma l es (SCAU, Nos. 124453 <i>–</i> 56), 21 September 2015, J Huang, YQ Liu, YL Wang, Y Zhang, same l oca l ity data as ho l otype; 4 ma l es (SCAU, Nos. 124449 <i>–</i> 52), Mu l un, Huanjiang, Guangxi, 25.117°N, 108.033°E, a l titude 500 m, 17 September 2015, J Huang, YQ Liu, YL Wang, Y Zhang; 1 ma l e (SCAU, No. 124525), Qimaba, Lvchun, Yunnan, 22.517°N, 102.283°E, a l titude 1280 m, 3 August 2016, YQ Liu.</p> <i>Etymology</i> <p>Patronym of the co ll ector, Mr. Yiqin Liu (SCAU).</p>Published as part of <i>Lin Zhu, Ting Qin & Hongwei Chen, 2017, Three new species of the subgenus Ashima (Diptera: Drosophildae: Phortica) from southwestern China, with DNA barcoding information, pp. 70-82 in Journal of Natural History 51 (1)</i> on pages 77-78, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1247480, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/400713">http://zenodo.org/record/400713</a>
Phortica (Ashima) yalianae Zhu, Qin & Chen, 2017, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Phortica</i> (<i>Ashima</i>) <i>yalianae</i> sp. nov. (Figure 2) <i>Diagnosis</i> <p> Simi l ar to <i>P. foliiseta</i> Duda 1923 in the ma l e termina l ia, but can be distinguished from the l atter species by the ma l e arista cur l y dista ll y (Figure 2 (a)); the l eft l atera l l obe of vertica l process of gonopods distinct l y l onger than the right in ventra l view (Figure 2 (d)). In <i>P. foliiseta</i>: two l atera l l obes of vertica l process of gonopods near l y in equa l size (Tsacas and Okada 1983, fig. 4). The 4.2% interspecific genetic distance to <i>P. foliiseta</i> is the minima l interspecific distance within this subgenus.</p> <i>Description</i> <p> Frons dark brown, with thick, dense interfronta l setae. Face brown above, dark brown be l ow, with ye ll owish-white patches on l ower corners. C l ypeus media ll y white, l atera ll y dark brown. Thorax orange-ye ll ow, media ll y with b l ack pattern on marmoration. Scute ll um orange-ye ll ow, with obscure brownish pattern. Legs entire l y ye ll ow; fifth tarsomere of fore l eg with l ong seta apica ll y. Abdomina l second tergite ye ll owish-white, with brownish spots sub l atera ll y; third to fifth tergites ye ll owish, with broad brownish-b l ack posterior bands uninterrupted media ll y; sixth tergite entire l y b l ack. Ma l e termina l ia: Epandrium l atera ll y broad, near l y entire l y pubescent, with dense setae (Figure 2 (b)). Sursty l us with pubescence and about 20 setae, l acking prensisetae (Figure 2 (c)). Paramere with 2 <i>–</i> 3 sensi ll a basa ll y (Figure 2 (d, e)). Aedeagus membranous, l acking median rod (Figure 2 (e)).</p> <i>Measurements</i> <p> BL = 4.20 mm in ho l otype (range in 4 ma l e paratypes: 4.05 <i>–</i> 5.00 mm), THL = 1.95 mm (1.90 <i>–</i> 2.20 mm), WL = 3.50 mm (3.35 <i>–</i> 3.75 mm), WW = 1.50 mm (1.50 <i>–</i> 1.70 mm), arb = 1/ 0 (1 <i>–</i> 2/0), adf = 0.56 (0.56 <i>–</i> 0.76), flw = 1.25 (1.22 <i>–</i> 1.33), FW/HW = 0.40 (0.37 <i>–</i> 0.38), ch/ o = 0.11 (0.08 <i>–</i> 0.13), prorb = 1.14 (1.20 <i>–</i> 1.42), rcorb = 0.43 (0.38 <i>–</i> 0.50), vb = 0.56 (0.52 <i>–</i> 0.63), dc l = 0.50 (0.48 <i>–</i> 0.54), presct l = 0.55 (0.45 <i>–</i> 0.57), sct l = 1.16 (1.03 <i>–</i> 1.17), sterno = 0.83 (0.72 <i>–</i> 0.83), orbito = 2.00 (1.82 <i>–</i> 2.00), dcp = 0.31 (0.27 <i>–</i> 0.33), sct l p = 1.05 (1.00 <i>–</i> 1.17), C = 2.00 (1.85 <i>–</i> 2.18), 4c = 1.75 (1.62 <i>–</i> 1.94), 4v = 3.05 (2.83 <i>–</i> 3.33), 5x = 1.07 (1.00 <i>–</i> 1.14), ac = 3.18 (3.09 <i>–</i> 3.64), M = 0.75 (0.67 <i>–</i> 0,83), C3 F = 0.64 (0.57 <i>–</i> 0.71).</p> <i>Type specimens</i> <p> Holotype male (SCAU, No. 124441), China: Mulun, Huanjiang, Guangxi, 25.117°N <i>′</i> N, 108.033° E, altitude 500 m, 25 July 2015, YL Wang. Paratypes: 2 ma l es (SCAU, Nos. 124442, 43), YQ Liu, Lin Zhu, same l oca l ity data as ho l otype; 2 males (SCAU, Nos. 124444, 45), 17 September 2015, J Huang, YQ Liu, YL Wang, Y Zhang, l oca l ity as for ho l otype.</p> <i>Etymology</i> <p>Patronym of the co ll ector, Ms. Ya l ian Wang (SCAU).</p>Published as part of <i>Lin Zhu, Ting Qin & Hongwei Chen, 2017, Three new species of the subgenus Ashima (Diptera: Drosophildae: Phortica) from southwestern China, with DNA barcoding information, pp. 70-82 in Journal of Natural History 51 (1)</i> on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1247480, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/400713">http://zenodo.org/record/400713</a>
Natalia LL - artystka neoawangardowa
No full textThe paper shows Natalia Lach-Lachowicz (Natalia LL) as a neo avant-garde artist whose works in a specific maximalistic way are very close to the main currents of avant-garde trends: new mediality (photography), minimalism, conceptualism, performance, bodyart, pop-art, and feminist art. The author of the article concentrates mainly on the mutual influences of conceptualism, consumptionism, and feminism in Natalia LL’s works and pays attention to the emancipatory potential of her works of the seventies and the eighties
Energy flux in isotropic turbulence under large variations of external forcing
No full textWe investigate the response of energy flux in isotropic turbulence to step-function like perturbation in external forcing at large length scales. From both physical experiments and direct numerical simulations, we measured the evolution of the Eulerian velocity structure functions, such as , , before and after the perturbation in forcing. In both cases, we observed the cascade of the energy excess at large scales cascade through scales to the dissipative range, which can be used to study the dynamics of the cascade, and in particular, to estimate the relevant time scales
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Some rhetorical strategies in later nineteenth-century laboring-class poetry
No full textStructural and functional analysis of the pro-domain of human cathelicidin, LL-37
No full textCathelicidins form a family of small host defense peptides distinct from another class of cationic antimicrobial peptides, the defensins. They are expressed as large precursor molecules with a highly conserved pro-domain known as the cathelin-like domain (CLD). CLDs have high degrees of sequence homology to cathelin, a protein isolated from pig leukocytes and belonging to the cystatin family of cysteine protease inhibitors. In this report, we describe for the first time the X-ray crystal structure of the human CLD (hCLD) of the sole human cathelicidin, LL-37. The structure of hCLD, determined at 1.93 Å resolution, shows the cystatin-like fold and is highly similar to the structure of the CLD of the pig cathelicidin, protegrin-3. We assayed the in vitro antibacterial activities of hCLD, LL-37 and the precursor form, pro-cathelicidin (also known as hCAP18), and we found that the unprocessed protein inhibited the growth of Gramnegative bacteria with efficiencies comparable to the mature peptide, LL-37. In addition, the antibacterial activity of LL-37 was not inhibited by hCLD intermolecularly, since exogenously added hCLD had no effect on the bactericidal activity of the mature peptide. hCLD itself lacked antimicrobial function and did not inhibit the cysteine protease, cathepsin L. Our results contrast with previous reports of hCLD activity. A comparative structural analysis between hCLD and the cysteine protease inhibitor stefin A showed why hCLD is unable to function as an inhibitor of cysteine proteases. In this respect, the cystatin scaffold represents an ancestral structural platform from which proteins evolved divergently, with some losing inhibitory functions
LL-37-Coupled Porous Composite Scaffold for the Treatment of Infected Segmental Bone Defect
No full textIncreased multiantibiotic-resistant bacteria means that infected bone defects remain a significant challenge to clinics. Great interest has emerged in the use of non-antibiotic antimicrobials to reduce the rate of multiantibiotic-resistant bacterial infection and facilitate bone regeneration. The cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is the sole human cathelicidin and has shown nonspecific activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. In this study, we fabricated the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-calcium phosphate/peptide LL-37 (PLGA/TCP/LL-37, PTL) scaffold with low-temperature 3D-printing technology for the treatment of infected segmental bone defects. The prepared scaffolds were divided into three groups: a high LL-37 concentration group (PTHL), low LL-37 concentration group (PTLL) and blank control group (PT). The cytocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of the engineered scaffolds were tested in vitro, and their osteogenesis properties were assessed in vivo in a rat infected bone defect model. We found the fabricated PTL scaffold had a well-designed porous structure that could support a steady and prolonged LL-37 release. Furthermore, the PTHL group showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) without any inhibition of the proliferation or alkaline phosphatase activity of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. In addition, the infected femoral defects implanted with PTHL group displayed new bone formation in four weeks without any evidence of residual bacteria, which showed similar antibacterial outcomes to the vancomycin and cancellous bone mixture group. In conclusion, the PTHL composite scaffold is a promising non-antibiotic antimicrobial graft with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and osteogenic capability for infected bone defects
The modulatory effect of TLR2 on LL-37-induced human mast cells activation
No full textThe sole and endogenous anti-microbial peptide LL-37 is a significant effector molecule in the innate host defense system. Apart from its broadly direct anti-microbial activity, the peptide also activates mast cell in respect of allergic diseases and inflammation. On the other hand, mast cell can be activated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which are at the center of innate immunity. It was the aim of the study to illustrate the modulatory effect of TLR2 ligands peptidoglycan (PGN) and tripalmitoyl-S-glycero-Cys-(Lys)4 (Pam3CSK4) on LL-37 induced LAD2 cells (a human mast cell line) activation. LL-37 induced LAD2 cells degranulation and the release of IL-8. TLR2 ligands didn't induce LAD2 cells degranulation, but triggered the release of IL-8. Incubation with PGN or Pam3CSK4 significantly suppressed LL-37-induced degranulation through inhibition of calcium mobilization from LAD2 cells. Similarly, the release of IL-8 was inhibited when LAD2 cells were co-stimulated with TLR2 ligands and LL-37. Studies with inhibitors of key enzymes involved in mast cell signaling indicated that the release of IL-8 induced by TLR2 ligands and LL-37 involved the activation of the PI3K, ERK, JNK and calcineurin signaling pathways. In contrast, p38 activation down-regulated the release of IL-8 induced by TLR2 ligands and LL-37. Taken together, these observations suggest that activation of human mast cells by LL-37 could be modified by TLR2 ligands and the function of human mast cells could be switched from allergic reactions to innate immune response. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81271755, 81371737]; Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [2014A030313708]; Shenzhen Research Grant [CXZZ20140416144209739, JCYJ20130329110752142, KQCX20120803145850990]SCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]
The phaeochromycins from streptomyces strain LL-P018: from taxonomy to novelties of biosynthesis
No full textThe phaeochromycins are a newly discovered family of aromatic polyketides produced by Streptomyces strain LL-P018. The novel phaeochromycins A and C are of medical interest as they have inhibitory activity against MK-2, a kinase involved in the inflammatory response. The phaeochromycins are structurally similar to actinomycete secondary shunt metabolites derived from the actinorhodin and enterocin biosynthetic pathways. Because these phaeochromycins show promise as potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents, further knowledge of their biosynthesis and the taxonomy of the producing organism was sought. Strain LL-P018 was identified taxonomically using a combination of traditional and molecular techniques. Analyses of morphology, physiology, 16S ribosomal RNA (16SrRNA) sequence, and ribosomal polymerase β- subunit (rpoB) gene sequence were used to identify LL-P018 as a strain of Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. New methods for strain comparison by combining genetic fingerprints and metabolite profiles in a single comparison were developed to assess strain variation between strain LL-P018 and closely related organisms. This approach also clarified relationships between multiple "types" and other published strains of S. phaeochromogenes and Streptomyces ederensis. Alnumycin, an additional aromatic polyketide which has structural similarities to the phaeochromycins, was produced by strain LL-P018 in liquid culture media. Genomic analysis of strain LL-P018 revealed the presence of a type II polyketide synthase gene cluster. Gene disruption experiments determined this pathway to be responsible for both phaeochromycin and alnumycin biosynthesis, suggesting that the phaeochromycins may be intermediates or shunt products in alnumycin biosynthesis.
This thesis describes a novel taxonomic approach to classification which integrates data from prior genetic and metabolic assessments into a single combined comparison. The S. phaeochromogenes type strain is defined, and taxonomic status of the species S. ederensis is clarified. New insights of phaeochromycin biosynthesis are revealed by cultural and genetic studies of Streptomyces strain LL-P018.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical references
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