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Ninety years of pulse oximetry: history, current status, and outlook.
Full text linkSIGNIFICANCE
This year, 2024, marks the 50th anniversary of the invention of pulse oximetry (PO), which was first presented by Takuo Aoyagi, an engineer from the Nihon Kohden Company, at the 13th Conference of the Japanese Society of Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering in Osaka in 1974. His discovery and the development of PO for the non-invasive measurement of peripheral arterial oxygenation represents one of the most significant chapters in the history of medical technology. It resulted from research and development efforts conducted by biochemists, engineers, physicists, physiologists, and physicians since the 1930s.
AIM
The objective of this work was to provide a narrative review of the history, current status, and future prospects of PO.
APPROACH
A comprehensive review of the literature on oximetry and PO was conducted.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Our historical review examines the development of oximetry in general and PO in particular, tracing the key stages of a long and fascinating story that has unfolded from the first half of the twentieth century to the present day-an exciting journey in which serendipity has intersected with the hard work of key pioneers. This work has been made possible by the contributions of numerous key pioneers, including Kurt Kramer, Karl Matthes, Glenn Millikan, Evgenii M. Kreps, Earl H. Wood, Robert F. Show, Scott A. Wilber, William New, and, above all, Takuo Aoyagi. PO has become an integral part of modern medical care and has proven to be an important tool for physiological monitoring. The COVID-19 pandemic not only highlighted the clinical utility of PO but also revealed some of the problems with the technology. Current research in biomedical optics should address these issues to make the technology even more reliable and accurate. We discuss the necessary innovations in PO and present our thoughts on what the next generation of PO might look like
Evaluation of the skin blood flow contribution to the non-invasive measurement of muscle oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy.
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Hemodynamic differences in the activation of the prefrontal cortex for maintaining muscle strength by functional NIRS
No full textLetter to the Editor, “Clinical Significance of Cerebral Oxygenation During Exercise in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease”
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Assessment of quadriceps oxygenation in patients with myopathies by near infrared spectroscopy
No full textReview: Near-infrared brain and muscle oximetry: from the discovery to current applications
No full text"In the early 1960, Norris introduced near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (700-2500 nm) as an analytical technique for agricultural products. In 1977, Jöbsis founded in vivo medical NIR spectroscopy reporting that the relatively high degree of transparency of brain tissue in the NIR spectral window (700-1000 nm) enables safe real-time non-invasive detection of regional haemoglobin oxygenation using transillumination spectroscopy. In order to place the current medical NIR spectroscopy in its proper perspective, this article provides a snapshot of the roots of the discovery and the early years of medical NIR spectroscopy research and development. Starting in 1992 the opportunity of measuring quantitatively, by different NIR spectroscopy techniques, regional oxy-haemoglobin saturation by NIR oximetry, it is possible to monitor brain\/muscle reserve capacity following tissue oxygen extraction in different pathophysiological conditions. This review article reports the status of the current commercial oximeters (including wireless instrumentation) and their main clinical and physiological applications. In the last decade, NIR spectroscopy brain oximetry has obtained significant clinical relevance as suggested by the over 10,000 instruments sold and the high number of the related scientific publications. The most relevant clinical application is represented by the evaluation of cerebral oxy-haemoglobin saturation during adult cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass. Many commercial oximeters are presently available. However, their relatively poor precision and the lack of standardization amongst the different instruments suggest that further technological advances are required before NIR spectroscopy oximetry can be adopted more widely under the “guide lines” of regulatory authorities.
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