47,534 research outputs found
L. Pyle, 1975 Nursing Student 1
No full textL. Pyle was a member of the Lurleen B. Wallace Nursing School at Jacksonville State University in 1975-1976.https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_histimg_1970/5469/thumbnail.jp
L. Pyle, 1975 Nursing Student 2
No full textL. Pyle was a member of the Lurleen B. Wallace Nursing School at Jacksonville State University in 1975-1976.https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_histimg_1970/5470/thumbnail.jp
L. Pyle, 1975 Nursing Student 3
No full textL. Pyle was a member of the Lurleen B. Wallace Nursing School at Jacksonville State University in 1975-1976.https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_histimg_1970/5471/thumbnail.jp
Chromis earina Pyle, Earle & Greene, 2008, new species
No full textChromis earina, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 269 D 61 C 2-50 B 3-4 A 8 C-BEFB-D 9 CFBCF 91 BA 4 Spring Chromis (Figs. 5 a – 5 c; Tables 3 & 6; Morphbank 137; GenBank 138; Barcode 139) Holotype. MNHN 2007 - 1921 140 (63.3 mm SL), Vanuatu; Espiritu Santo; off W coast of Tutuba Island (15 ° 32 ' 39.28 "S, 167 ° 16 ' 29.82 "E): near large boulder along steep slope with rubble and sand; many gorgonians, 116 m, rotenone and vacuum device, R.L. Pyle and B.D. Greene, 22 October 2006 [PCMB 3131 141]. Paratypes. BMNH 2007.10. 31.5 142 (62.5 mm SL), Vanuatu; Espiritu Santo; off W coast of Tutuba Island (15 ° 32 ' 35.23 "S, 167 ° 16 ' 49.65 "E): large rock outcrop with surrounding sand and rubble, below base of large drop-off, 116 m, hand net, B.D. Greene, 20 October 2006. BPBM 37674 143 (54.0 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; Augulpelu Reef, W side (7 ° 16 ' 24.6 "N, 134 ° 31 ' 26.4 "E): shelf flanked by numerous small caves, 90 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 7 May 1997. BPBM 37714 144 (4; 48.7–67.52), same locality as BPBM 37674: cave in drop-off, 90 m, rotenone, R.L. Pyle and J.L. Earle, 12 May 1997. BPBM 40720 145 (2; 59.7–64.4 mm SL), Vanuatu; Espiritu Santo; off N end of Tutuba Island (15 ° 32 ' 28.57 "S, 167 ° 16 ' 51.17 "E): at base of outer reef dropoff ranging from 60–100 m, 100 m, rotenone and vacuum device, R.L. Pyle, 10 October 2006. CAS 225759 146 (59.6 mm SL), Fiji Islands; Viti Levu Island; Suva; outside of Suva Harbor; S end of “Fish Patch”; below cave (18 ° 9 ' 36.6 "S, 178 ° 23 ' 57.6 "E): sand and rubble slope with scattered outcroppings, below base of vertical reef drop-off, 104–110 m, rotenone, R.L. Pyle, J.L. Earle, and J. Dituri, 4 February 2002. MNHN 2007 - 1926 147 (35.7 mm SL), same collecting data as BPBM 40720. USNM 391140 148 (66.3 mm SL), Vanuatu; Espiritu Santo; off W coast of Tutuba Island (15 ° 32 ' 58.78 "S, 167 ° 16 ' 40.98 "E): steep slope with rubble and sand, with some rocky outcrops with small caves and undercuts; many gorgonians, 100 m, rotenone and vacuum device, R.L. Pyle, 16 October 2006. WAM P. 32902 -001 149 (53.9 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; Ngemlis Island, SE tip; "Big Drop" (7 ° 6 ' 11.89 "N, 134 ° 15 ' 2.67 "E), 85 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 18 May 1997. Diagnosis. Dorsal rays XII–XIII, 11–12 (usually XIII, 12); anal rays II, 12; pectoral rays 17–18 (usually 18); spiniform caudal rays 3; tubed lateral-line scales 13–15 (rarely 16); gill rakers 6–8 + 18–21 (total 26–28, rarely 25); body depth 1.65–1.9 in SL; color when fresh pale slate blue (bright pale green in life); a white spot (sometimes two white spots) roughly the size of a scale mid-laterally on the body; malachite green area above orbit and in inter-orbital space and nape; dorsal and anal fins with bright distal border of pale turquoise blue. Description. Dorsal rays XIII, 12 (one paratype with XII, another with 11); anal rays II, 12; all dorsal and anal rays branched, the last to base in some specimens; pectoral rays 18 (17–18), the upper 2 and lowermost unbranched; pelvic rays I, 5; principal caudal rays 8 + 7 = 15; upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 5, the anterior 3 spiniform, the posterior 2 segmented and unbranched; tubed lateral-line scales 15 (13–16, one paratype with 16); posterior midlateral scales with a pore or deep pit 8 (4–8); scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 3; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 9 (8–9); gill rakers 7 + 21 = 28 (6–8 + 18–21 = 26–28, one paratype with 25); surpaneural (predorsal) bones 3; vertebrae 12 + 13. Body moderately deep, depth 1.90 (1.65–1.89) in SL, and compressed, the width 3.29 (2.71–3.70) in body depth; head length 2.96 (2.82–3.14) in SL; dorsal profile of head with convexity anterior to eye and concavity dorsal to eye; snout shorter than orbit diameter, its length 3.57 (3.52–4.40) in head length; orbit diameter 2.27 (2.11–2.40) in head length; interorbital space convex, its width 2.73 (2.60–3.22) in head length; caudal-peduncle depth 2.35 (2.00– 2.43) in head; caudal-peduncle length 3.33 (2.79–4.26) in head. Mouth terminal, small, oblique, the upper jaw forming an angle of about 52 º to horizontal axis of head and body; posterior edge of maxilla reaching slightly beyond a vertical at anterior edge of pupil, the upper jaw length 3.06 (2.85–3.24) in head; teeth multi-serial, an outer row of conical teeth in each jaw, largest anteriorly; about 30 upper and about 27 lower teeth on each side of jaw; a narrow band of villiform teeth lingual to outer row, in 2–3 irregular rows anteriorly, narrowing to a single row on side of jaws; tongue triangular with rounded tip; gill rakers long and slender, the longest on lower limb near angle about four-fifths length of longest gill filaments; nostril with a fleshy rim, more elevated on posterior edge and located at level of middle of pupil, slightly less than one-third distance from front of snout to base of upper lip. Opercle ending posteriorly in a flat spine, the tip relatively obtuse and obscured by a large scale; margin of preopercle smooth, the posterior margin extending dorsally to level of upper edge of pupil; suborbital with free lower margin extending nearly to a vertical at posterior edge of pupil. Scales finely ctenoid; anterior lateral line ending beneath rear portion of spinous dorsal fin (between 12 th and 13 th dorsal-fin spines); head scaled except lips, tip of snout, and a narrow zone from orbit to edge of snout containing nostrils; a scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal fins, about two-thirds pupil diameter at base of middle of spinous portion of dorsal fin, progressively narrower on soft portion; a column of scales on each membrane of dorsal fin, narrowing distally, those on spinous portion of dorsal progressively longer, reaching about two-thirds distance to spine tips on posterior membranes; scales on anal-fin membrane in two columns, progressively smaller distally; small scales on caudal fin extending to about one-half distance to posterior margin; small scales on basal one-fifth of pectoral fins; a median scaly process extending posteriorly from between base of pelvic fins, its length about one-third that of pelvic spine; axillary scale above base of pelvic spine slightly more than one-third length of spine. Origin of dorsal fin over third lateral-line scale, the pre-dorsal distance 2.35 (2.24–2.48) in SL; base of spinous portion of dorsal fin contained 2.32 (2.13–2.52) in SL; base of soft portion of dorsal fin contained 6.28 (5.59–7.56) in SL; first dorsal spine 10.27 (9.20–11.88) in SL; second dorsal spine 7.11 (5.91–7.43) in SL; third dorsal spine 5.55 (4.88–6.01) in SL; fourth dorsal spine 5.62 (4.68–5.55) in SL; fifth dorsal spine 5.50 (4.68–5.51) in SL; sixth dorsal spine 5.57 (4.68–5.68) in SL; last dorsal spine 7.05 (6.17–7.21) in SL; membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin moderately incised; fourth dorsal soft ray longest, its length 4.25 (3.61–4.74) in SL; first anal spine 10.85 (9.93–12.43) in SL; second anal spine 3.80 (3.76–4.23) in SL; first anal soft ray the longest, its length 4.32 (3.69–4.87) in SL; caudal fin forked, its length 2.83 (2.45–2.99) in SL, the caudal concavity 4.49 (3.33–5.26) in SL; fourth pectoral-fin ray longest, 2.82 (2.55–2.92) in SL; pelvic spine 5.23 (4.62–5.85) in SL; first soft ray of pelvic fin filamentous, usually reaching to first or second analfin ray (when not broken or otherwise damaged), its length 2.84 (2.47–3.91) in SL. TABLE 6. Proportional measurements (%SL) and counts of Chromis earina, new species. Values separated by a pipe “|” are left|right or upper|lower. Holotype Paratypes TABLE 6 (continued). Proportional measurements (%SL) and counts of Chromis earina, new species. Values separated by a pipe “|” are left|right or upper|lower. Color of adults and juveniles when fresh pale slate blue (bright pale green in life), slightly darker dorsally and slightly lighter on thorax; a white spot roughly the size of a scale mid-laterally, approximately below the tenth dorsal-fin spine and two scale rows below the lateral line, size and shape of spot variable, occasionally as two small spots in vertical orientation; malachite green area above orbit and in interorbital space, extending diffusely onto nape; bright band of pale turquoise blue below orbit extending across upper lip; spinous portion of dorsal fin color of body, with bright distal border of pale turquoise blue; soft dorsal-fin membrane pale blue, becoming translucent on distal half; caudal fin pale slate blue, becoming lighter and distally translucent on inner rays; caudal fin tips dark, almost black; anal fin pale slate blue, with pale turquoise blue anterior distal border; pectoral fin translucent; yellowish spot about scale size at upper pectoral axil; pelvic fin spine and first-ray filament pale turquoise blue, membranes translucent; iris dark gray with white inner border. Color in alcohol olive-brown with whitish margins on median fins; white spot on side of body not visible. Distribution. Collected or observed throughout the tropical western Pacific, from Puluwat westward to Palau, south to Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and Fiji. It was not observed at Rarotonga (Cook Islands), Kiritimati (Line Islands), or American Samoa during brief surveys of deep reefs at those localities. A single specimen was also recently collected by Mark Erdmann (Conservation International) in 75 m depth at Misool Island, Raja Ampat Islands, Indonesia (G. Allen, pers. comm.). Etymology. Named earina, a Latinized form of the Greek adjective earinos (meaning “the color of spring”, i.e., green), in reference to the pale green color of this species in life. Remarks. This species inhabits the same general habitat as the other new species described herein: steep outer reef slopes and drop-offs with rocky outcrops and small caves and holes, often in association with limestone talus. It is often observed in pairs or small groups, feeding low in the water column, and is generally abundant where it is found. Similarities with other species are discussed in the Remarks section under the account of C. brevirostris.Published as part of Richard L. Pyle, John L. Earle & Brian D. Greene, 2008, Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific, pp. 3-31 in Zootaxa 1671 on pages 21-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18018
Chromis brevirostris Pyle, Earle & Greene, 2008, new species
No full textChromis brevirostris, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BD7CAEF-F09B-4647-B92F-62CBBC0E565C Shortsnout Chromis (Figs. 2a -2c; Tables 2 & 3; Morphbank82; GenBank83; Barcode84) Holotype. BPBM 4080485 (63.7 mm SL), Caroline Islands; Puluwat Atoll; Alet Islet, S side (7°21'15.44"N, 149°10'47.03"E): outer reef drop-off with small caves and holes, 100-103 m, quinaldine and hand net, R.L. Pyle and B.D. Greene, 11 April 2007 [PCMB 303386]. Paratypes. BMNH 2007.10.31.287 (55.2 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; Augulpelu Reef, W side (7°16'24.6"N, 134°31'26.4"E): shelf flanked by numerous small caves, 90 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 16 May 1997.BPBM 3767188 (55.4 mm SL), same collecting data as BMNH 2007.10.31.2, except collected on 6 May 1997.BPBM 3771389 (59.6 mm SL), same locality and depth as and BPBM 37671: cave in drop-off, rotenone, R.L. Pyle and J.L. Earle, 12 May 1997.BPBM 3999390 (62.5 mm SL), Fiji Islands; Viti Levu Island; outside of Suva Harbor; S of "Fish Patch"; southern wall (18°9'32.7"S, 178°23'58.44"E): sloping sand and rubble with rock outcroppings, 87-92 m, rotenone, R.L. Pyle and D.F. Pence, 3 February 2002.BPBM 4042291 (3; 25.5-46.9 mm SL), Marshall Islands; Kwajalein Atoll, S end; Ennubuj (= Carlson) islet; ocean side: cave within ledge, 100 m, rotenone, B.D. Greene, 30 December 2005.BPBM 4070392 (2; 50.9-59.5 mm SL), Vanuatu; Espiritu Santo; off W coast (15°33'39.28"S, 167°16'29.82"E): steep slope with rubble and sand, with some rocky outcrops with small caves and undercuts; many gorgonians, 60 m, quinaldine and hand net, B.D. Greene, 7 October 2006.CAS 22575693 (2; 46.5-50.8 mm SL), same collecting data as BPBM 39993.MNHN 2007-192394 (57.9 mm SL), Vanuatu; Espiritu Santo; off N end of Tutuba Island (15°32'28.57"S, 167°16'51.17"E): at base of outer reef drop-off ranging from 60-100 m, 100 m, rotenone and vacuum device, R.L. Pyle, 10 October 2006.USNM 39113795 (4; 41.6-68.5 mm SL), Caroline Islands; Yap, S end; "Magic Kingdom" (9°26'3.41"N, 138°2'5.96"E): among boulders on sloping shelf above deep drop-off, 98-100 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle and B.D. Greene, 20 April 2007 [PCMB 307296, 307397, 307498, 307599].WAM P.32899- 001100 (2; 58.1-61.4 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; Augulpelu Reef, W side; shelf flanked by numerous small caves (7°16'24.6"N, 134°31'26.4"E), 90 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle and J.L. Earle, 17 May 1997. Diagnosis. Dorsal rays XIII,13-14 (usually 14); anal rays II,15-16; pectoral rays 18-19 (usually 19); spiniform caudal rays 2-3 (usually 3); tubed lateral-line scales 14-16; gill rakers 6-8+19-22 (usually 6-7+19-21; total 26-29); body depth 1.57-1.77 in SL; color when fresh pale lavender-tinged gray dorsally, paler ventrally; three or four rows of scales dorsally from nape to upper caudal peduncle with gold edges; small scales on basal sheath of dorsal fin almost entirely gold; median fin membranes lavender gray or translucent blue, suffused with gold color; iris yellow. Description. Dorsal rays XIII,14 (two paratypes with 13); anal rays II,16 (one paratype with 15, another paratype deformed with only 13); all dorsal and anal rays branched, the last to base; pectoral rays 18 (one paratype with 19 on only the right side), the upper 2 and lowermost unbranched; pelvic rays I,5; principal caudal rays 8+7=15 (one paratype with 7+7=14); upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 5, the anterior 3 (2-3) spiniform (when 3, the anteriormost vestigial and not penetrating scales), the posterior 2 segmented and unbranched; tubed lateral-line scales 15 (14-16); posterior midlateral scales with a pore or deep pit 7 (0-8); scales above dorsal fin to origin of dorsal fin 4 (3.5-4); scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 10 (9-10, usually 10); gill rakers 8+21=29 (6-8+19-22=26-29, 6 gill rakers on upper limb of gill arch in one paratype, 22 gill rakers on lower limb of gill arch in one paratype); surpaneural (predorsal) bones 3; vertebrae 12+13. Body moderately deep, depth 1.69 (1.57-1.77) in SL, and compressed, the width 3.04 (2.94-3.75) in body depth; head length 3.13 (2.71-3.26) in SL; dorsal profile of head smoothly convex, sometimes with a very slight concavity anterior to eye; snout shorter than orbit diameter, its length 4.25 (3.45-4.80) in head length; orbit diameter 2.41 (2.00-2.66) in head length; interorbital space convex, its width 2.60 (2.56-3.39) in head length; caudal-peduncle depth 2.05 (1.86-2.24) in head; caudal-peduncle length 3.49 (2.82-4.49) in head. Mouth terminal, small, oblique, the upper jaw forming an angle of about 42º to horizontal axis of head and body; posterior edge of maxilla reaching slightly beyond a vertical at anterior edge of pupil, the upper jaw length 3.28 (2.91-3.57) in head; teeth multi-serial, an outer row of conical teeth in each jaw, largest anteriorly; about 25 upper and about 21 lower teeth on each side of jaw; a narrow band of villiform teeth lingual to outer row, in 2-3 irregular rows anteriorly, narrowing to a single row on side of jaws; tongue triangular with rounded tip; gill rakers long and slender, the longest on lower limb near angle about two-thirds length of longest gill filaments; nostril with a fleshy rim, more elevated on posterior edge and located at level of middle of pupil, slightly less than one-sixth distance from front of snout to base of upper lip. Opercle ending posteriorly in a flat spine, the tip broadly obtuse and obscured by a large scale; margin of preopercle smooth, the posterior margin extending dorsally to level of upper edge of pupil; suborbital with free lower margin extending nearly to a vertical at posterior edge of orbit. Scales finely ctenoid; anterior lateral line ending beneath rear portion of spinous dorsal fin (between 12th and 13th dorsal-fin spines); head scaled except lips, tip of snout, and a narrow zone from orbit to edge of snout containing nostrils; a scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal fins, about two-thirds pupil diameter at base of middle of spinous portion of dorsal fin, progressively narrower on soft portion; a column of scales on each membrane of dorsal fin, narrowing distally, those on spinous portion of dorsal progressively longer, reaching about four-fifths distance to spine tips on posterior membranes; scales on anal-fin membrane in two columns, progressively smaller distally; small scales on caudal fin extending slightly more than two-thirds distance to posterior margin; small scales on basal one-sixth of pectoral fins; a median scaly process extending posteriorly from between base of pelvic fins, its length about half that of pelvic spine; axillary scale above base of pelvic spine slightly more than one-half length of spine. Origin of dorsal fin over second lateral-line scale, the pre-dorsal distance 2.50 (2.37-2.76) in SL; base of spinous portion of dorsal fin contained 2.09 (2.02-2.42) in SL; base of soft portion of dorsal fin contained 5.20 (4.69-5.38) in SL; first dorsal spine 9.41 (7.61-11.00) in SL; second dorsal spine 6.83 (5.54-8.20) in SL; third dorsal spine 6.07 (4.51-6.98) in SL; fourth dorsal spine 5.79 (4.35-6.45) in SL; fifth dorsal spine 5.73 (4.18-6.31) in SL; sixth dorsal spine 5.67 (3.94-6.14) in SL; last dorsal spine 5.91 (4.71-6.25) in SL; membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin moderately incised; fourth dorsal soft ray longest, usually with a filamentous extension, its length 4.20 (2.55-4.34) in SL; first anal spine 9.30 (8.03-10.29) in SL; second anal spine 4.95 (4.32-5.44) in SL; eleventh anal soft ray the longest, its length 4.99 (3.05-5.05) in SL; caudal fin forked, its length 1.59 (1.19-2.44) in SL, the third or fourth principal caudal ray (upper and lower) with filamentous extension, the caudal concavity 2.31 (1.52-4.19) in SL; fourth pectoral-fin ray longest, 2.41 (2.30-2.76) in SL; pelvic spine 4.99 (3.99-5.63) in SL; first soft ray of pelvic fin filamentous, usually reaching to second anal-fin ray (when not broken or otherwise damaged), its length 3.94 (2.41-3.76) in SL. Color of adults and juveniles when fresh pale lavender-tinged gray dorsally, fading to pale bluish-white on thorax; pale bluish gray ventrally from anus to caudal fin; three or four rows of scales dorsally from nape to upper caudal peduncle with gold edges; small scales on basal sheath of dorsal fin can be almost entirely gold; faint gold tinge on posterior operculum and on scales along ventral margin anterior to pelvic-fin origin; intensity of gold color variable, appearing more pearlescent underwater in some individuals; dorsal- and anal-fin membranes pale translucent blue, suffused with gold, particularly basal 2/3 and distal portion of spinous dorsal fin, and basal and distal 1/3 of anal fin; soft dorsal fin gold tinged except for median portion; the extreme distal margin of the dorsal fin, anal fin and pelvic fin pale turquoise blue; caudal fin lavender gray with faint gold wash on membranes; pectoral fin translucent; pelvic fins white; iris yellow, fleshy membrane of orbit turquoise blue, especially dorsally; interorbital space turquoise above upper lip, extending dorsally into nape in some specimens. Color in alcohol drab grayish light brown over most of body, darker brown above lateral line; scales above lateral line with pale spot corresponding to gold markings in life; dorsal fin uniform brown except for a pale gray submarginal line; anal fin brown with pale grayish brown markings and submarginal line; interorbital region and anterior head uniform brown; thorax slightly lighter than body color, with pale ventral edge. Distribution. This species has been observed or collected from the Marshall Islands southward to Fiji, across the Caroline Islands from Puluwat to Palau, and south to Vanuatu. An underwater photo of what seems to be this species (or an undescribed species very similar to C. brevirostris) taken in Bali, Indonesia, appears as " Chromis sp." on p. 531 of Kuiter & Debelius, 2006. C. brevirostris was not observed at Rarotonga (Cook Islands), Kiritimati (Line Islands), or American Samoa during brief surveys of deep reefs at those localities. Etymology. Named brevirostris, an adjective derived from the Latin words brevis (meaning "short") and rostrum (meaning "beak" or "snout"), in reference to the very short snout of this species relative to other species in the genus. Remarks. Generally abundant in its typical environment, which is characterized by steep slopes and drop-offs at depths of about 90-120 m. Usually found in association with small holes and limestone talus, often in aggregations ranging from a half-dozen to several dozen individuals feeding low in the water column. Chromis brevirostris, as well as the new species C. earina (described herein) are both deep-dwelling Chromis species with XIII dorsal spines, a deep body (1.57-1.9 in S.L.), short snout (3.45-4.8 in head), and large eye (2.0-2.6 in head). Most counts are similar, and these two species appear to have more affinities with each other than with any other species in the genus. They can be readily distinguished from each other on the basis of color and by differences in general body shape (particularly the shape of the head profile, which is smoothly convex in C. brevirostris, as opposed to slightly concave dorsal to the eye in C. earina), and dorsal- and anal-fin soft ray counts. Chromis brevirostris has 13-14 dorsal-fin soft rays and 15-16 anal-fin soft rays (except for one deformed individual with only 13 anal-fin soft rays); whereas C. earina has 11-12 dorsal-fin soft rays and 12 anal-fin soft rays. Table 3 lists selected characters for four Indo-Pacific Chromis species which seem to be most similar to C. brevirostris and C. earina. These four species, including C. alpha 101 Randall1988a, C. nigroanalis 102 Randall 1988b, C. ovatiformis 103 Fowler 1946, and C. pembae 104 Randall and McCosker 1992 (which we collectively and informally refer to here as the " Chromis alpha complex") all have XIII dorsal spines, a roughly similar body shape, and have been recorded at a depth of 40 m or greater. For each of these species, at least one count, and all gill raker counts, range outside the respective ranges for C. brevirostris and C. earina.Published as part of Pyle, R. L., Earle, J. L. & Greene, B. D., 2008, Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific., pp. 3-31 in Zootaxa 1671 on pages 10-1
Chromis degruyi Pyle, Earle & Greene, 2008, new species
No full textChromis degruyi, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1859 B 68 B- 340 C- 44 F 9 -BEAB-D 75 BAED 300 F 2 DeGruy’s Chromis (Figs. 4 a – 4 c; Table 5; Morphbank 122; DigiMorph 123; GenBank 124; Barcode 125) Holotype. BPBM 40842 126 (81.0 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; Kayangel Atoll, W side; on outer reef dropoff near tip of small reef extension (8 ° 4 ' 16.64 "N, 134 ° 40 ' 54.52 "E): rocky ledge with holes at base of steep sandy slope with many gorgonians, 85 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 22 April 2007 [PCMB 3086 127]. Paratypes. BMNH 2007.10. 31.4 128 (38.7 mm SL), Caroline Islands; Yap, S end; “Magic Kingdom” (9 ° 26 ' 3.41 "N, 138 ° 2 ' 5.96 "E): deep rubble on rocky slope, 85 m, quinaldine and hand net, R.L. Pyle, 20 April 2007 [PCMB 3084 129]. CAS 225758 130 (38.3 mm SL), Caroline Islands; Puluwat Atoll; Alet Islet, S side (7 ° 21 ' 15.44 "N, 149 ° 10 ' 47.03 "E): outer reef drop-off with small caves and holes, 100–103 m, quinaldine and hand net, R.L. Pyle and B.D. Greene, 11 April 2007 [PCMB 3032 131]. USNM 391139 132 (76.6 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; off Ngemlis Island; below and slightly to the N of the Blue Holes cave system (7 ° 8 ' 16.49 "N, 134 ° 13 ' 18.5 "E): in coral and rubble at the base of a large boulder offset from the drop-off, 88 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 27 April 2007 [PCMB 3114 133]. WAM P. 32901 -001 134 (82.4 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; Ngaruangl Atoll, S end (8 ° 8 ' 50.39 "N, 134 ° 37 ' 3.47 "E), 115 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 23 April 2007 [PCMB 3088 135]. Diagnosis. Dorsal rays XIII–XIV, 11–12 (usually XIV, 12); anal rays II, 11–12 (usually 12); pectoral rays 18; spiniform caudal rays 3; tubed lateral-line scales 15–17; gill rakers 7 + 20–21 (total 27–28); body depth 1.84–1.99 in SL; color of adults when fresh dull brownish yellow with nine thin lavender-gray stripes on side of body, with a prominent black spot on dorsal half of pectoral-fin base. Description. Dorsal rays XIV, 12 (one paratype with XIII, another with 11); anal rays II, 12 (one paratype with 11); all dorsal and anal rays branched, the last to base in some specimens; pectoral rays 18, the upper 2 and lowermost unbranched; pelvic rays I, 5; principal caudal rays 8 + 7 = 15; upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 5, the anterior 3 spiniform, the posterior 2 segmented and unbranched; tubed lateral-line scales 16 | 15 (15–17, one paratype with 17); posterior midlateral scales with a pore or deep pit 8 | 9 (5–9); scales above dorsal fin to origin of dorsal fin 3; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 9 (one paratype with 8); gill rakers 7 + 20 = 27 (7 + 20–21 = 27–28); surpaneural (predorsal) bones 3; vertebrae 12 + 13. Body moderately deep, depth 1.84 (1.92–1.99) in SL, and compressed, the width 2.87 (2.73–3.29) in body depth; head length 3.10 (2.95–3.18) in SL; dorsal profile of head with slight convexity anterior to eye, very slight concavity dorsal to eye, and very slight convexity on nape; snout shorter than orbit diameter, its length 4.05 (3.63–4.38) in head length; orbit diameter 2.77 (2.12–2.95) in head length; interorbital space convex, its width 2.73 (2.73–3.15) in head length; caudal-peduncle depth 2.18 (2.11–2.27) in head; caudal-peduncle length 2.83 (2.69–3.37) in head. TABLE 5. Proportional measurements (%SL) and counts of Chromis degruyi, new species. Values separated by a pipe “|” are left|right or upper|lower. Holotype Paratypes Mouth terminal, small, oblique, the upper jaw forming an angle of about 37 º to horizontal axis of head and body; posterior edge of maxilla reaching slightly beyond a vertical at anterior edge of pupil, the upper jaw length 2.91 (3.05–3.18) in head; teeth multi-serial, an outer row of conical teeth in each jaw, largest anteriorly; about 20 upper and about 20 lower teeth on each side of jaw; a narrow band of villiform teeth lingual to outer row, in 2–3 irregular rows anteriorly, narrowing to a single row on side of jaws; tongue triangular with rounded tip; gill rakers long and slender, the longest on lower limb near angle about three-fourths length of longest gill filaments; nostril with a fleshy rim, more elevated on posterior edge and located at level of middle of pupil, slightly less than one-third distance from front of snout to base of upper lip. Opercle ending posteriorly in a flat spine, the tip relatively obtuse and obscured by a large scale; margin of preopercle smooth, the posterior margin extending dorsally to level of upper edge of pupil; suborbital with free lower margin extending nearly to a vertical at posterior edge of pupil. Scales finely ctenoid; anterior lateral line ending beneath rear portion of spinous dorsal fin (between 13 th and 14 th dorsal-fin spines); head scaled except lips, tip of snout, and a narrow zone from orbit to edge of snout containing nostrils; a scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal fins, about two-thirds pupil diameter at base of middle of spinous portion of dorsal fin, progressively narrower on soft portion; a column of scales on each membrane of dorsal fin, narrowing distally, those on spinous portion of dorsal progressively longer, reaching about two-thirds distance to spine tips on posterior membranes; scales on anal-fin membrane in two columns, progressively smaller distally; small scales on caudal fin extending slightly more than two-thirds distance to posterior margin; small scales on basal one-fifth of pectoral fins; a median scaly process extending posteriorly from between base of pelvic fins, its length about half that of pelvic spine; axillary scale above base of pelvic spine about one-half length of spine. Origin of dorsal fin over third lateral-line scale, the pre-dorsal distance 2.39 (2.30–2.41) in SL; base of spinous portion of dorsal fin contained 2.17 (2.14–2.34) in SL; base of soft portion of dorsal fin contained 6.66 (6.54–7.17) in SL; first dorsal spine 12.33 (9.51–12.14) in SL; second dorsal spine 8.15 (6.84–7.96) in SL; third dorsal spine 5.88 (5.53–6.39) in SL; fourth dorsal spine 5.23 (5.04–5.87) in SL; fifth dorsal spine 5.08 (5.17–5.76) in SL; sixth dorsal spine 5.07 (4.93–5.79) in SL; last dorsal spine 6.27 (6.14–7.04) in SL; membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin moderately incised; fourth dorsal soft ray longest, its length 4.95 (4.54–5.04) in SL; first anal spine 11.30 (10.99–13.08) in SL; second anal spine 3.84 (3.76–4.52) in SL; first anal soft ray the longest, its length 4.48 (4.34–5.15) in SL; caudal fin forked, its length 2.84 (2.26–3.29) in SL, the caudal concavity 5.63 (4.37–5.46) in SL; fourth pectoral-fin ray longest, 2.99 (2.79–3.20) in SL; pelvic spine 5.36 (5.66–6.12) in SL; first soft ray of pelvic fin filamentous, usually reaching to first or second analfin ray (when not broken or otherwise damaged), its length 2.94 (2.95–4.17) in SL. Color of adults when fresh dull brownish yellow with nine thin lavender-gray stripes, some faint, the middle 4 or 5 extending onto caudal peduncle; nape area olive-brown, lighter on thorax and ventrally to anus, becoming yellowish white; black spot slightly smaller than orbit at upper pectoral axil; faint diffuse lavender blotch smaller than orbit on opercle edge at level of lower orbit, not apparent underwater; olivaceous with brown stripes and greenish olive in nape area when observed underwater; spinous portion of dorsal fin olivebrown, distal one-fourth yellowish white; basal half of soft dorsal fin dark brown with almost black outer margin, distal half very light yellowish white to translucent on some specimens; caudal fin olive-brown, inner rays yellowish white; anal fin spines yellowish white, rays and membranes on basal half light olive-brown becoming distally yellowish white; black blotch smaller than orbit centered in posterior distal anal fin, more apparent in large specimens; pectoral fin translucent; pelvic-fin spine and first ray white, successive rays and membranes on basal half olive-brown, distal half yellowish white; iris brownish yellow; juveniles bluish gray; a bright yellow blotch on the distal half of the soft dorsal fin, covering the second through fifth dorsal soft rays, rays 6 to last paler than anterior part of soft dorsal fin; a bright yellow stripe from posterior base of soft dorsal fin in a band approximately the width of 2 scales continuing dorsally to tip of outer rays of dorsal lobe of caudal fin; lower caudal rays with a similar yellow band commencing ventrally on caudal peduncle and extending to distal tip of lower caudal fin rays, approximately 7 median caudal rays white; third through seventh anal-fin rays and intervening membranes bright yellow on distal third, succeeding rays white. Color in alcohol similar to fresh color, except paler brown overall. Distribution. Observed or collected throughout the Caroline Islands, from Puluwat to Palau. A Chromis resembling the juvenile of this species was observed in Fagatele Bay in May 2001 by the senior author. Etymology. Named degruyi to honor Michael V. DeGruy, in recognition of the sincere enthusiasm and determination he demonstrated while attempting to collect the first adult specimen of this species. Remarks. The habitat of this species is similar to that of other species described herein: deep outer-reef slopes at depths of 85–120 m, usually in the vicinity of rock outcrops with small holes and caves, and around limestone talus. It is generally not as abundant as other species of Chromis described here, usually found in small groups and observed feeding low in the water column. The species appears most similar to other deep-dwelling species of Chromis described previously (see Remarks section of C. abyssus). Juveniles superficially resemble C. opercularis 136 (Günther in Playfair and Günther 1867) in color, but are easily distinguished from that species on several morphological characters (e.g., usually XIV dorsal-fin spines in C. degruyi, vs. XIII in C. opercularis; body depth 1.84–1.99 in SL vs. 2.1–2.3 in C. opercularis), as well as adult coloration. Some aspects of the adult coloration are similar to C. planesi Lecchini and Williams 2004, but C. degruyi differs from that species in many other aspects of adult coloration as well as number of pectoral-fin rays (20 in C. planesi vs. 18 in C. degruyi), dorsal-fin soft rays (usually 13 vs. usually 12), and tubed lateral-line scales (17 vs. usually 15–16).Published as part of Richard L. Pyle, John L. Earle & Brian D. Greene, 2008, Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific, pp. 3-31 in Zootaxa 1671 on pages 18-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18018
Schooling and education.
No full textSchooling and education by Giles R. Wright with Howard L. Green and Lee R. Parks. Number 4 in the New Jersey Ethnic Life Series. Published by New Jersey Historical Commission
Chromis circumaurea Pyle, Earle & Greene, 2008, new species
No full textChromis circumaurea, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8ADC4817-8F1C-4C88-8B8A-5372A84CAEC9 Gold-rim Chromis (Figs. 3a -3c, Ta b l e 4; Morphbank105; GenBank106; Barcode107) Holotype. BPBM 40836108 (98.2 mm SL), Caroline Islands; Yap, S end; "Magic Kingdom" (9°26'3.41"N, 138°2'5.96"E): among boulders on sloping shelf above deep drop-off, 98-100 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle and B.D. Greene, 20 April 2007 [PCMB 3080109]. Paratypes. BMNH 2007.10.31.3110 (102.4 mm SL) [PCMB 3081111]. CAS 225757112 (97.6 mm SL) [PCMB 3078113]. MNHN 2007-1924114 (92.5 mm SL) [PCMB 3076115]. USNM 391138116 (94.2 mm SL) [PCMB 3077117]. WAM P.32900-001118 (96.6 mm SL) [PCMB 3079119]. All with same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Dorsal rays XIV,12-13 (usually 13); anal rays II, 13-14 (usually 13); pectoral rays 18-19; spiniform caudal rays 3; tubed lateral-line scales 16-17; gill rakers 6-7+20-21 (total 26-27); body depth 1.68-1.86 in SL; color when fresh mahogany brown with bright yellow distally on spinous portion of dorsal fin; soft portion of dorsal fin, caudal fin, and anal fin bright yellow. Description. Dorsal rays XIV,13 (12 in one paratype); anal rays II,13 (14 in one paratype); all dorsal and anal rays branched, the last to base in some specimens; pectoral rays 19 (18-19), the upper 2 and lowermost unbranched; pelvic rays I,5; principal caudal rays 8+7=15; upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 5, the anterior3 spiniform, the posterior 2 segmented and unbranched; tubed lateral-line scales 16|17 (16-17); posterior midlateral scales with a pore or deep pit 8 (5-8); scales above dorsal fin to origin of dorsal fin 3.5 (3-3.5); scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 10 (9-10.5); gill rakers 6+21=27 (6-7+20-21= 26-27); surpaneural(predorsal) bones 3; vertebrae 12+13. Body moderately deep, depth 1.71 (1.68-1.86) in SL, and compressed, the width 3.02 (2.93-3.22) in body depth; head length 3.28 (3.18-3.37) in SL; dorsal profile of head with slight convexity anterior to eye, slight concavity dorsal to eye, and slight convexity on nape; snout shorter than orbit diameter, its length 3.71 (3.82-4.30) in head length; orbit diameter 2.61 (2.35-2.63) in head length; interorbital space convex, its width 2.61 (2.54-2.74) in head length; caudal-peduncle depth 2.04 (2.02-2.04) in head; caudal-peduncle length 3.19 (2.72-3.40) in head. Mouth terminal, small, oblique, the upper jaw forming an angle of about 40º to horizontal axis of head and body; posterior edge of maxilla reaching slightly beyond a vertical at anterior edge of pupil, the upper jaw length 3.09 (2.86-3.22) in head; teeth multi-serial, an outer row of conical teeth in each jaw, largest anteriorly; about 32 upper and about 26 lower teeth on each side of jaw; a narrow band of villiform teeth lingual to outer row, in 2-3 irregular rows anteriorly, narrowing to a single row on side of jaws; tongue triangular with rounded tip; gill rakers long and slender, the longest on lower limb near angle about three-fourths length of longest gill filaments; nostril with a fleshy rim, more elevated on posterior edge and located at level of middle of pupil, slightly less than one-third distance from front of snout to base of upper lip. Opercle ending posteriorly in a flat spine, the tip relatively obtuse and obscured by a large scale; margin of preopercle smooth, the posterior margin extending dorsally to level of upper edge of pupil; suborbital with free lower margin extending nearly to a vertical at posterior edge of pupil. Scales finely ctenoid; anterior lateral line ending beneath rear portion of spinous dorsal fin (between 12th and 13th dorsal-fin spines); head scaled except lips, tip of snout, and a narrow zone from orbit to edge of snout containing nostrils; a scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal fins, about two-thirds pupil diameter at base of middle of spinous portion of dorsal fin, progressively narrower on soft portion; a column of scales on each membrane of dorsal fin, narrowing distally, those on spinous portion of dorsal progressively longer, reaching about two-thirds distance to spine tips on posterior membranes; scales on anal-fin membrane in two columns, progressively smaller distally; small scales on caudal fin extending slightly more than two-thirds distance to posterior margin; small scales on basal one-fifth of pectoral fins; a median scaly process extending posteriorly from between base of pelvic fins, its length about half that of pelvic spine; axillary scale above base of pelvic spine slightly more than one-third length of spine. Origin of dorsal fin over fourth lateral-line scale, the pre-dorsal distance 2.31 (2.30-2.47) in SL; base of spinous portion of dorsal fin contained 2.14 (2.09-2.18) in SL; base of soft portion of dorsal fin contained 6.16 (5.68-6.35) in SL; first dorsal spine 12.62 (9.91-10.88) in SL; second dorsal spine 6.83 (6.13-6.88) in SL; third dorsal spine 5.52 (4.81-5.53) in SL; fourth dorsal spine 4.88 (4.73-5.09) in SL; fifth dorsal spine 4.86 (4.66-5.02) in SL; sixth dorsal spine 4.82 (4.63-5.08) in SL; last dorsal spine 6.40 (6.13-6.57) in SL; membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin moderately incised; fourth dorsal soft ray longest, its length 4.20 (4.18-4.67) in SL; first anal spine 11.98 (10.50-11.05) in SL; second anal spine 3.77 (3.89-4.15) in SL; first anal soft ray the longest, its length 4.18 (4.31-4.56) in SL; caudal fin forked, its length 3.17 (2.68-3.39) in SL, the caudal concavity 5.46 (5.20-6.44) in SL; fourth pectoral-fin ray longest, 2.77 (2.62-2.83) in SL; pelvic spine 5.78 (5.09-5.52) in SL; first soft ray of pelvic fin without long filamentous extension, usually not reaching anal fin, its length 3.89 (3.82-4.20) in SL. Color when fresh mahogany brown, appearing slate brown underwater; lateral line faintly brownish cream-colored; scales below lateral line with faint brownish cream-colored broad center area, forming approximately eight horizontal stripes visible underwater; spinous portion of dorsal fin same color as body, becoming bright yellow distally on first spine; second through last dorsal spines and membranes abruptly yellow distally, yellow portion increasing from distal one-fourth of fin at third spine to distal half at eleventh spine; soft dorsal fin entirely bright yellow except for posteriorly diminishing thin brown area basally on anterior6 rays; caudal region from posterior base of dorsal fin to posterior tip of caudal fin uniform bright yellow; brown body color extends posterior to anal fin to lower anterior caudal peduncle; anal fin spines yellowish white; anal fin rays and membranes bright yellow; scales along ventral margin from anus to origin anal fin yellow; pectoral fin translucent; pelvic-fin spine translucent, medial yellow wash on anterior 3 pelvic rays, rays otherwise translucent; pelvic-fin membranes mahogany brown basally, translucent distally; iris brown with yellow wash. Color in alcohol similar to fresh color, except yellow portions are much paler yellow, and brown portions are slightly paler brown (much paler brown on thorax). Distribution. Observed from submersibles in the Marshall Islands and Mariana Islands, but only collected from Yap. Etymology. Named circumaurea, an adjective derived from the Latin words circum (meaning "around") and aurea (meaning "golden, of gold"), in reference to the golden-yellow anal fin, caudal fin, and outer margin of the dorsal fin. Remarks. This species was first observed and photographed from a submersible by Patrick L. Colin at Enewetak in the Marshall Islands. An unconfirmed sighting and video clip of this species from the Mariana Islands requires verification. It was observed at Yap at depths of 98-120 m, in a group of about a dozen individuals living among large (~1-2 m) rock boulders just above the upper edge of a precipitous drop-off. A juvenile of approximately 40 mm SL was observed by the first author at a depth of 120 m, below the site where the type specimens were collected; its color pattern was consistent with that of the adults. Two photos appearing on p. 390 of Kuiter & Tonozuka (2001), labelled as Chromis analis 120 (Cuvier 1830), bear a remarkable resemblance to C. circumaurea, but differ in number of dorsal-fin spines (XIII vs. XIV) and color of body (paler in C. analis), caudal peduncle (dark centrally vs. entriely yellow), and central region of caudal fin (transparent vs. yellow). This species also bears a superficial resemblance in color to Chromis flavicauda121 (Guenther 1880) from the western Atlantic Ocean, but is readily distinguished from that species on the basis of body color (blue in C. flavicauda vs. brown in C. circumaurea), dorsal-fin rays (XIII,11-12 vs. XIV,12-13, usually 13), anal-fin soft rays (11 vs. 13). Similarities with other deep-dwelling species with XIV dorsal-fin spines, including the new species C. abyssus described herein, are discussed in the Remarks section of C. abyssus.Published as part of Pyle, R. L., Earle, J. L. & Greene, B. D., 2008, Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific., pp. 3-31 in Zootaxa 1671 on pages 15-1
Pyle students sitting on lawn at 1305 Franklin Street, 1901
No full text1 photographic printPhotograph of students of Howard Pyle sitting on the lawn in front of Pyle's studio at 1305 Franklin Street, Wilmington, Delaware, spring or summer 1901. Standing: Frank E. Schoonover. Seated, left to right: Phillip R. Goodwin,, Sarah S. Stilwell, Ethel Franklin Betts, Gordon M. McCouch, James E. McBurney (balding), Phillip L. Hoyt (cap), Francis Newton (straw boater), Stanley M, Arthurs, Samuel M. Palmer
Pyle students sitting on lawn at 1305 Franklin Street, 1901
No full text1 photographic printPhotograph of students of Howard Pyle sitting on the lawn in front of Pyle's studio at 1305 Franklin Street, Wilmington, Delaware, spring or summer 1901. Standing: Frank E. Schoonover. Seated, left to right: Phillip R. Goodwin,, Sarah S. Stilwell, Ethel Franklin Betts, Gordon M. McCouch, James E. McBurney (balding), Phillip L. Hoyt (cap), Francis Newton (straw boater), Stanley M, Arthurs, Samuel M. Palmer
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