286 research outputs found
Rent - seeking trade policy : a time series approach
No full textUsing a time-series approach, the author analyzes the relationship between the extent of rent-seeking trade policy and both political and economic variables. For rent-seeking trade policy, the indicator he uses is the number of foreign-trade regulations passed each year for the benefit of a single firm or industry. The author uses data from Uruguay for 1925-83. Uruguay, which experienced an impressive economic decline, is an outstanding example of a rent-seeking society. After being a wealthy economy in midcentury, it suffered almost complete stagnation, which led to social and policital disintegration by the end of the 1960s. Three decades of restrictive regulations on foreign trade had created a nearly closed economy by the end of the 1960s. It was worth analyzing whether policymakers'great receptiveness to demands for protection could account for Uruguay's decline. Over the period 1925-83, the author finds almost 4,000 laws, decrees, and administrative resolutions that create, maintain, or modify a foreign-trade regulation for the benefit of a single firm or industry. About half of them explicitly identify the petitioner - usually a firm or guild. Since the size of the Uruguayan economy changed over the period studied, the author scales the annual number of regulations by output or exports to measure the extent of rent-seeking trade policy. The author shows that the extent of rent-seeking trade policy increased with discretionary policies and under dictatorship. (In the period studied, there were two stages of democracy - until 1932 and from 1943-72 - and two stages of dictatorship.) He also shows that rent-seeking trade restrictions increased under import-substitution strategies and, more unexpectedly, under active export promotion. This suggests that discretionary power leads to wasteful distribution, whether it is used to support inward- or outward-oriented policies. Finally, the author analyzes the correlation between innovations in the trade policy indicator and innovations in the growth rates of output and exports, with a lag of up to 20 years. Surprisingly, he finds a positive correlation with output growth rates after two or three years. But the correlation becomes negative some years later, particularly in the case of exports. The short-run positive impact on growth rates, together with the surprisingly long time lag before the negative impact, may account for policymakers'receptiveness to demands for protection.Trade Policy,Achieving Shared Growth,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
CARIES STATUS EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES IN INDONESIAN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS : Study In SDLB Central Java
No full textBackground: The prevalence of ECC (Early Childhood Caries) is still problem in Indonesian, especially in children with special needs. Unstable economic development leads to a poorer economic situation and may have an impact on increasing the prevalence of ECC. This study aimed to investigate the Caries Status of ECC in children with special needs and its association with sociodemografi and parental socioeconomic circumstances in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesian.Method: This research was conducted in SDLB using questionnaire and Using World Health Organization for diagnosis of caries. Informed consent from parents was obtained. The study sample was 21 children aged 3-6 years which consisted of 12 boys and 9 girls. Data were tested by Spearman correlation.
Result: The result showed that 85.7% of the children had ECC. The result also showed significant association between ECC in the child and the age of the mother (r= 0.453, p=0.018), education level of the mother (r=0.741, p=0.0001), social status (r=0.807, p=0.0061) and other income (r=0.527, p=0.050). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there was a significant association between caries status of a young child and the age of the mother, the socio-economic status and other income
Keywords: ECC, caries status, special need
Globalization and workers in developing countries
No full textStories on the positive and negative effects of globalization on workers in developing countries abound. But a comprehensive picture is missing and many of the stories are ideologically charged. This paper reviews the academic literature on the subject, including several studies currently under way, and derives the implications for public policy. First, it deals with the effects of openness to trade, foreign direct investment, and financial crises on average wages. Second, it discusses the impact of exposure to world markets on the dispersion of wages by occupation, skill, and gender. Third, it describes the pattern of job destruction and job creation associated with globalization. Because these two processes are not synchronized, the fourth issue addressed is the impact on unemployment rates. Fifth, the paper reviews the labor market policies that can be used to offset the adverse effects of globalization on employment and labor earnings. Finally, it discusses how the international community could encourage developing countries to adopt sound labor market policies in the contextof globalization.Labor Policies,Public Health Promotion,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Monitoring&Evaluation
Downsizing and productivity gains in the public and private sectors of Colombia
No full textPublic sector restructuring, including labor downsizing, has been one of the main areas of policy activism in developing countries, and transition economies. But little is known about its actual effects. The authors use panel data on Colombian enterprises spanning more than one decade, to assess the impact on several productivity indicators. The results suggest that the productivity gains from downsizing, are larger in state-owned enterprises than in private enterprises. While the increase in value added per worker is similar in both cases, state-owned enterprises experience an increase in total value added, and in value added per unit of capital, whereas both indicators decline in private enterprises. The difference, which could simply reflect the larger extent of initial inefficiency in state-owned enterprises, does not appear to depend on the degree of competition in product markets.Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies,Private Participation in Infrastructure
Altura de la rama mandibular y su relación con el ángulo SN GO-GN en radiografías cefálicas laterales digitales
No full textObjetivo: El presente estudio de investigación tiene como objetivo establecer la altura de la rama mandibular y su relación con el ángulo SN Go-Gn en radiografías cefálicas laterales digitales en pacientes de 18 a 45 años de edad de la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador. Materiales y Métodos: Este estudio, cuantitativo, observacional con un enfoque correlacional, se realizó en radiografías cefálicas laterales digitalizadas que reposan en el archivo de un centro radiológico de la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador e incluyó un total de 388 radiografías laterales escogidas bajo ciertos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las variables analizadas fueron altura de la rama mandibular, ángulo SN Go-Gn y sexo. Las medidas se realizaron, aplicando el software AUTOCAD 2018, por un examinador entrenado previamente para tal fin, y validados posteriormente por la autora del estudio. Los datos obtenidos de las diferentes mediciones fueron registrados en una hoja de cálculo Excel. Para evaluar la relación entre la altura de la rama mandibular y el ángulo SN Go-Gn se empleó el coeficiente de correlación r de Pearson, para la interpretación se siguió la sugerencia de Cohen (1988); correlación nula (0.00 ≤ r <0.10), correlación leve (0.10 ≤ r <0.30), correlación moderada (0.30 ≤ r <0.50) y correlación fuerte (0.50 ≤ r < 1). Para la comparación se empleó el estadístico paramétrico t-Student, la significancia considerada fue de 0.01 (p<0.01). El procesamiento de datos fue realizado en el programa estadístico SPSS V27. Resultados: Se encontró una correlación negativa fuerte, entre la altura de la rama mandibular y el ángulo SN Go-Gn (r= -0.535; p<0.001), lo que implica que a mayor altura (mm), menor ángulo (°) Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que si existe relación entre la altura de la rama mandibular y el ángulo SN Go-Gn, en pacientes de 18 a 45 años de edad.The present research study aims to establish the height of the mandibular ramus and its relationship with the SN Go-Gn angle in digital lateral cephalic radiographs in patients from 18 to 45 years old from the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. Materials and Methods: This study, quantitative, observational with a correlational approach, was carried out on digitalized lateral cephalic radiographs that rest in the archive of a radiological center in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador and included a total of 388 lateral radiographs chosen under certain criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The variables analyzed were mandibular ramus height, SN Go-Gn angle, and sex. The measurements were made, applying the AUTOCAD 2018 software, by an examiner previously trained for this purpose, and subsequently validated by the author of the study. The data obtained from the different measurements were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet. To evaluate the relationship between the height of the mandibular ramus and the SN Go-Gn angle, the Pearson r correlation coefficient was used, for the interpretation the suggestion of Cohen (1988) was followed; null correlation (0.00 ≤ r <0.10), slight correlation (0.10 ≤ r <0.30), moderate correlation (0.30 ≤ r <0.50) and strong correlation (0.50 ≤ r < 1). For the comparison, the parametric t-Student statistic was used, the significance considered was 0.01 (p<0.01). The data processing was carried out in the statistical program SPSS V27. Results: A strong negative correlation was found between the height of the mandibular ramus and the SN Go-Gn angle (r= -0.535; p<0.001), which implies that the higher the height (mm), the lower the angle (°). Conclusion: The results showed that there is a relationship between the height of the mandibular ramus and the SN Go-Gn angle, in patients from 18 to 45 years old.
Key words: mandibular Ramus, mandibular growth0000-0002-3794-1942Especialista en OrtodonciaCuenc
Empirical investment equations in developing countries
No full textSince the debt crisis, there has been increasing interest in the determinants of investment in developing countries. There is plentiful literature on the topic for industrial economies but existing studies on developing countries are scattered and few. The author examined those studies with the aim of answering two questions: Are the variables that influence investment decisions the same in developing as in industrial countries, or should other factors be considered because the macroeconomic setting is different? And what can be learned from the applied research that has been done on the subject? This paper presents an integrative analytical framework, including different empirical equations, that depend on the assumptions made about the economies'key features. It classifies 25 empirical studies on investments in developing countries, classifying them according to their chosen specification and comparing their estimates. The author concludes that investment decisions in developing countries are not necessarily based on the same variables as in industrial countries. Analysts must consider such additional factors as financial repression, shortage of foreign exchange, lack of infrastructure, and significant economic instability.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Financial Intermediation,Trade and Regional Integration,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS CHLORHEXIDINE GLUKONAT 0,2% DENGAN TEH HIJAU (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) TERHADAP JUMLAH PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS
No full textBackground: Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammation caused by plaque that contains pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of them. Chlorhexidine therapy used to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria causing periodontitis. Green tea contains polyphenols such as epigallocatechin-3-gallic as antibacterial agent that can kill the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study aims to determine differences in the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with green tea (Camellia sinensis) various concentrations to decrease the amount of bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis.Method: This research was experimental with post test only design. Method used in antibacterial test was a drop plate misra. The experimental group consisted of six groups: chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and green tea group with a concentration of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5%. minimum bactericidal concentrations againts Porphyromonas gingivalis was evidenced by counting the number of colonies that formed on agar. Analysis data was using One Way ANOVA continued by Post hoc tests Tamhane.Result: The results showed that chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with green tea effective to decrease the amount of bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis(ANOVA p <0.05). The results between the groups showed green tea 100%, 75% and 25%, have same effect compared to chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% in reducing Porphyromonas gingivalis.Conclusion: In this experiment showed that chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and green tea extract 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% were able to decrease the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis
EFEKTIVITAS MENYIKAT GIGI DENGAN METODE BASS DAN HORIZONTAL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN INDEKS PLAK PADA ANAK TUNAGRAHITA
No full textBackground: The important aspect for child especially children with mental retardation is oral health. Children with mental retardation have limitations in motoric activities that relate to the actions of dental hygiene in normally, that activities is toothbrushing and it can do by bass and horizontal method. The aim of this study is to know the difference effectiveness toothbrushing with bass and horizontal method on the changed of plaque index in children with mental retardation. Method: The quasi experimental methods with non-equivalent group design with post test design was used in this research and have done on 24 children with mild mental retardation at SDLB Purwosari Kudus which divided two groups, 12 students brushing with bass method and 12 students brushing with horizontal method. Result: The data were tested with paired t-test to compare plaque index before and after toothbrushing with bass and horizontal method, showed that there were meaningful differences (p0,05). Conclusion: It concluded that both bass and horizontal method effectively on the changed of plaque index in children with mental retardation. There was no difference effectiveness between both methods.
Keywords: bass method, horizontal method, plaque index, children with mental retardatio
A comprehensive study of genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Mitochondrial DNA variation and the role of history ZIS. Selection in the genetic structure of geographic populations
No full textPengaruh kekuatan mekanis alat cekat teknik begg awal tahap I terhadap level interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) cairan krevikular gingiva
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