318 research outputs found
A novel design for an RF MEMS resistive switch on PCB substrate
No full textCopyright @ 2008 Stimulation Action on MEM
Characterization of the structural response of a lithiated SiO<sub>2</sub> / Si interface: A reactive molecular dynamics study
No full textWe report the results of a computational study regarding the mechanical properties of a lithiated Si/SiO2 interface using reactive molecular dynamics. The study is motivated by an intended application of SiO2-coated Sinanotubes as fibers in structural batteries with a fiber-reinforced composite architecture while serving as anodes. According to the results, main failure properties due to partly irreversible bond breakage during mechanical deformation are identified, indicating agreement with bond energy/bond order based estimates. Microscopic failure properties are also identified and interpreted in view of the observed processes of bonding degradation. In particular, the effect of Li distribution on the shear deformation response is evaluated as significant.Applied Mechanic
Tensorial effective transport properties of Li-ion battery separators elucidated by computational multiscale modeling
No full textExisting battery modeling works have limitations in addressing the dependence of transport properties on local field variations and characterizing the response of anisotropic media.
These limitations are tackled by means of a nested finite element (FE2) multiscale framework in which microscale simulations are employed to comprehensively characterize an anisotropic medium (macroscale).
The approach is applied to the numerical simulation of transport processes in lithium ion battery separators.
From the microscale solution, homogenized fluxes and their dependence on the downscaled macroscale variables are upscaled, thereby replacing otherwise assumed macroscale constitutive laws.
The tensorial nature of macroscale effective transport properties stems from the numerical treatment.
The proposed approach is verified against full-scale simulations. Several numerical examples are used to demonstrate the perils associated with accepted procedures, leading in some cases to severe discrepancies in the prediction of field quantities (from differences in the potential drop across the separator of about 27% for a fixed microstructure to more than 100% in the case of an evolving microstructure). Despite the use of simplified assumptions (e.g., synthetic microstructures), the numerical results demonstrate the importance of a tensorial description of transport properties in the modeling of battery processes
Ruolo dei canali Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) espressi in cellule neuronali e non neuronali, nelle patologie dolorose di origine infiammatoria e neuropatica.
No full textThe acyl-glucuronide metabolite of ibuprofen has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via the TRPA1 channel
No full textIbuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, expressed primarily in nociceptors, mediates the action of proalgesic and inflammatory agents. Ibuprofen metabolism yields the reactive compound, ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide, which, like other TRPA1 ligands, covalently interacts with macromolecules. To explore whether ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide contributes to the ibuprofen analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions by targeting TRPA1, we used in vitro tools (TRPA1-expressing human and rodent cells) and in vivo mouse models of inflammatory pain. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide, but not ibuprofen, inhibited calcium responses evoked by reactive TRPA1 agonists, including allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), in cells expressing the recombinant and native human channel and in cultured rat primary sensory neurons. Responses by the non-reactive agonist, menthol, in a mutant human TRPA1 lacking key cysteine-lysine residues, were not affected. In addition, molecular modeling studies evaluating the covalent interaction of ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide with TRPA1 suggested the key cysteine residue C621 as a probable alkylation site for the ligand. Local administration of ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide, but not ibuprofen, in the mouse hind paw attenuated nociception by AITC and other TRPA1 agonists and the early nociceptive response (phase I) to formalin. Systemic ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide and ibuprofen, but not indomethacin, reduced phase I of the formalin response. Carrageenan-evoked allodynia in mice was reduced by local ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide, but not by ibuprofen, whereas both drugs attenuated PGE 2 levels. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide, but not ibuprofen, inhibited the release of IL-8 evoked by AITC from cultured bronchial epithelial cells. The reactive ibuprofen metabolite selectively antagonizes TRPA1, suggesting that this novel action of ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide might contribute to the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the parent drug
A philosophical understanding of the problem of female subordination in the thought of Simone de Beauvior
No full textU ovom radu bit će riječi o filozofijskom razumijevanju ženske podređenosti u djelu Drugi spol Simone de Beauvior. Prvi dio rada govori o Simone de Beauvior, definira razliku između spola i roda, tumači značenje sterotipa i seksizma te feminizama i važnosti feminističkih pokreta jer se upravo autorica smatra njegovom pretečom i inspiracijom mnogih feministkinja. Nastavno na feminizam govorit će se o povijesnom presjeku ženske podređenosti uz rezime utjecajnih žena koje su obilježile našu prošlost. Kako je uopće došlo do podčinjenosti žena i mogu li one kroz feminizam odgovoriti na problematiku svog položaja? Glavni dio ovog rada problematizira termin drugosti u djelu Simone de Beauvior te tumači važnost knjige Drugi spol koja se danas smatra jakim temeljem ujedinjenja čovjeka, bez podjele na žene i muškarce. Ovo kontraverzno filozofsko djelo imalo je ključnu ulogu u mijenjanju podređenog položaja žena u povijesti, a njegova feministička moć aktualna je i danas. Završni dio rada govori o prisutnosti rodne neravnopravnosti u odgoju i obitelji te poticanju iste u odgojno obrazovnim ustanovama. Temeljno pitanje koje se postavlja nastavno na navedenu problematiku je utjecaj kulturnih konstrukcija na „proizvodnju podređenosti“ sa naglaskom na odgoj. Rodna diskriminacija prisutna je i u institucijama ranog odgoja i obrazovanja i to je problem kojim bi se aktivno trebalo početi baviti kako bi se djeci prestala nametati iskrivljena slika rodnog identitet. Rodni stereotipi potenciraju predrasude koje negativno mogu utjecati na psihološke dobrobiti djece. Odgojitelji tu imaju značajnu odgovornost i važnu ulogu. Oni svojim modelom ponašanja te poticajnim okruženjem kod djece mogu stvoriti temeljne uvjete za razvoj zdravog razumijevanja ženskog i muškog roda te im pomoći da kreiraju svoj vlastiti rodni identitet.This paper will discuss about philosophical understanding of female subordination found in the work of Simone de Beauvior's book, The Other Sex. First part of the paper talks about Simone de Beauvior, defines the difference between sex and gender, explains the meaning of stereotypes, sexism, feminism and the importance of feminist movements, because the author is considered as a forerunner of feminism and inspiration for many feminists. In addition to feminism, there will be talk about the historical cross-section of female subordination with a synopsis of influential women who marked our past. How did women's subordination come about in the first place, and can they answer the problems of their position through feminism? The main part of this paper problematizes the term otherness in the work of Simone de Beauvior and explains the importance of the book The Other Sex, which is today considered as a strong foundation for the unification of human beings, without division into women and men. This controversial philosophical book has played a key role in changing the subordinate position of women in history, and its feminist power is still very relevant today. The final part of the paper talks about the presence of gender inequality in care and in the family and its encouragement in educational institutions. The question that arises in continuation on this issue is the impact of cultural constructions on the "production of subordination" with an emphasis on education. Gender discrimination is also present in early childhood education institutions and it is a problem that should be actively addressed in order to stop imposing a distorted image of gender identity on children. Gender stereotypes emphasize prejudices that can negatively affect the psychological well-being of children. Preschool educators have a significant responsibility and an important role to play. With their model of behavior and stimulating environment, in children, preschool educators can create the basic conditions for the development of a healthy understanding of the female and male gender and also help them create their own gender identity
A philosophical understanding of the problem of female subordination in the thought of Simone de Beauvior
No full textU ovom radu bit će riječi o filozofijskom razumijevanju ženske podređenosti u djelu Drugi spol Simone de Beauvior. Prvi dio rada govori o Simone de Beauvior, definira razliku između spola i roda, tumači značenje sterotipa i seksizma te feminizama i važnosti feminističkih pokreta jer se upravo autorica smatra njegovom pretečom i inspiracijom mnogih feministkinja. Nastavno na feminizam govorit će se o povijesnom presjeku ženske podređenosti uz rezime utjecajnih žena koje su obilježile našu prošlost. Kako je uopće došlo do podčinjenosti žena i mogu li one kroz feminizam odgovoriti na problematiku svog položaja? Glavni dio ovog rada problematizira termin drugosti u djelu Simone de Beauvior te tumači važnost knjige Drugi spol koja se danas smatra jakim temeljem ujedinjenja čovjeka, bez podjele na žene i muškarce. Ovo kontraverzno filozofsko djelo imalo je ključnu ulogu u mijenjanju podređenog položaja žena u povijesti, a njegova feministička moć aktualna je i danas. Završni dio rada govori o prisutnosti rodne neravnopravnosti u odgoju i obitelji te poticanju iste u odgojno obrazovnim ustanovama. Temeljno pitanje koje se postavlja nastavno na navedenu problematiku je utjecaj kulturnih konstrukcija na „proizvodnju podređenosti“ sa naglaskom na odgoj. Rodna diskriminacija prisutna je i u institucijama ranog odgoja i obrazovanja i to je problem kojim bi se aktivno trebalo početi baviti kako bi se djeci prestala nametati iskrivljena slika rodnog identitet. Rodni stereotipi potenciraju predrasude koje negativno mogu utjecati na psihološke dobrobiti djece. Odgojitelji tu imaju značajnu odgovornost i važnu ulogu. Oni svojim modelom ponašanja te poticajnim okruženjem kod djece mogu stvoriti temeljne uvjete za razvoj zdravog razumijevanja ženskog i muškog roda te im pomoći da kreiraju svoj vlastiti rodni identitet.This paper will discuss about philosophical understanding of female subordination found in the work of Simone de Beauvior's book, The Other Sex. First part of the paper talks about Simone de Beauvior, defines the difference between sex and gender, explains the meaning of stereotypes, sexism, feminism and the importance of feminist movements, because the author is considered as a forerunner of feminism and inspiration for many feminists. In addition to feminism, there will be talk about the historical cross-section of female subordination with a synopsis of influential women who marked our past. How did women's subordination come about in the first place, and can they answer the problems of their position through feminism? The main part of this paper problematizes the term otherness in the work of Simone de Beauvior and explains the importance of the book The Other Sex, which is today considered as a strong foundation for the unification of human beings, without division into women and men. This controversial philosophical book has played a key role in changing the subordinate position of women in history, and its feminist power is still very relevant today. The final part of the paper talks about the presence of gender inequality in care and in the family and its encouragement in educational institutions. The question that arises in continuation on this issue is the impact of cultural constructions on the "production of subordination" with an emphasis on education. Gender discrimination is also present in early childhood education institutions and it is a problem that should be actively addressed in order to stop imposing a distorted image of gender identity on children. Gender stereotypes emphasize prejudices that can negatively affect the psychological well-being of children. Preschool educators have a significant responsibility and an important role to play. With their model of behavior and stimulating environment, in children, preschool educators can create the basic conditions for the development of a healthy understanding of the female and male gender and also help them create their own gender identity
A philosophical understanding of the problem of female subordination in the thought of Simone de Beauvior
No full textU ovom radu bit će riječi o filozofijskom razumijevanju ženske podređenosti u djelu Drugi spol Simone de Beauvior. Prvi dio rada govori o Simone de Beauvior, definira razliku između spola i roda, tumači značenje sterotipa i seksizma te feminizama i važnosti feminističkih pokreta jer se upravo autorica smatra njegovom pretečom i inspiracijom mnogih feministkinja. Nastavno na feminizam govorit će se o povijesnom presjeku ženske podređenosti uz rezime utjecajnih žena koje su obilježile našu prošlost. Kako je uopće došlo do podčinjenosti žena i mogu li one kroz feminizam odgovoriti na problematiku svog položaja? Glavni dio ovog rada problematizira termin drugosti u djelu Simone de Beauvior te tumači važnost knjige Drugi spol koja se danas smatra jakim temeljem ujedinjenja čovjeka, bez podjele na žene i muškarce. Ovo kontraverzno filozofsko djelo imalo je ključnu ulogu u mijenjanju podređenog položaja žena u povijesti, a njegova feministička moć aktualna je i danas. Završni dio rada govori o prisutnosti rodne neravnopravnosti u odgoju i obitelji te poticanju iste u odgojno obrazovnim ustanovama. Temeljno pitanje koje se postavlja nastavno na navedenu problematiku je utjecaj kulturnih konstrukcija na „proizvodnju podređenosti“ sa naglaskom na odgoj. Rodna diskriminacija prisutna je i u institucijama ranog odgoja i obrazovanja i to je problem kojim bi se aktivno trebalo početi baviti kako bi se djeci prestala nametati iskrivljena slika rodnog identitet. Rodni stereotipi potenciraju predrasude koje negativno mogu utjecati na psihološke dobrobiti djece. Odgojitelji tu imaju značajnu odgovornost i važnu ulogu. Oni svojim modelom ponašanja te poticajnim okruženjem kod djece mogu stvoriti temeljne uvjete za razvoj zdravog razumijevanja ženskog i muškog roda te im pomoći da kreiraju svoj vlastiti rodni identitet.This paper will discuss about philosophical understanding of female subordination found in the work of Simone de Beauvior's book, The Other Sex. First part of the paper talks about Simone de Beauvior, defines the difference between sex and gender, explains the meaning of stereotypes, sexism, feminism and the importance of feminist movements, because the author is considered as a forerunner of feminism and inspiration for many feminists. In addition to feminism, there will be talk about the historical cross-section of female subordination with a synopsis of influential women who marked our past. How did women's subordination come about in the first place, and can they answer the problems of their position through feminism? The main part of this paper problematizes the term otherness in the work of Simone de Beauvior and explains the importance of the book The Other Sex, which is today considered as a strong foundation for the unification of human beings, without division into women and men. This controversial philosophical book has played a key role in changing the subordinate position of women in history, and its feminist power is still very relevant today. The final part of the paper talks about the presence of gender inequality in care and in the family and its encouragement in educational institutions. The question that arises in continuation on this issue is the impact of cultural constructions on the "production of subordination" with an emphasis on education. Gender discrimination is also present in early childhood education institutions and it is a problem that should be actively addressed in order to stop imposing a distorted image of gender identity on children. Gender stereotypes emphasize prejudices that can negatively affect the psychological well-being of children. Preschool educators have a significant responsibility and an important role to play. With their model of behavior and stimulating environment, in children, preschool educators can create the basic conditions for the development of a healthy understanding of the female and male gender and also help them create their own gender identity
Old age and (dis)ability. Regarding the 100th anniversary of the birth of Simone de Beauvoir
No full textNa pragu starosti, sa šezdeset godina, Simone de Beauvoir piše o egzistencijalnim pitanjima starih ljudi. Svojom knjigom Starost pokušava razriješiti dvojbe koje se emancipiranoj osobi starenjem nezaobilazno postavljaju. Starost je nužnost dugog života za koju nismo dovoljno pripremljeni pa je Simone de Beauvoir temu obuhvatila kao antropološko, ekonomsko, sociološko, povijesno, političko i civilizacijsko pitanje. Napisana u formi eseja, knjiga je obilato protkana osobnošću autorice.
Pišući taj esej 1968. godine, autorica neizravno sudjeluje u burnoj 1968. Propitujući mogućnosti emancipacije u starosti, Simone de Beauvoir je otvorila pitanje koje je – ako događanja iz 1968. shvatimo kao zahtjev za općom emancipacijom – za one koji su tada podizali barikade na ulicama Pariza tek nailazilo. U uvodu svoje knjige ističe zanimanje za starost kao društveno pitanje i vrlo se kritički osvrće na postojeće društveno stanje u kojem su stari ljudi uglavnom gurnuti na društvenu marginu, pa starost opisuje kao stanje koje ne pruža nadu, zadovoljstvo i sreću. Zato se ljudi češće boje starenja nego što ga smireno prihvaćaju.
Iako u svome eseju malo teksta posvećuje dobrim stranama starosti – što je razumljivo s obzirom na vrijeme i okolnosti u kojima je knjiga nastala – Simone de Beauvoir ipak daje pouku o starosti kao mogućnosti emancipacije:
»Ali istina je da, općenito uzevši, starost ima stanovitih prednosti. Biti odbačen na marginu čovječanstva znači izbjeći prisile, otuđenja, koje su njegova sudbina; većina starih osoba ne koristi se tom mogućnošću, ali ona se nekima nudi, a neki uspijevaju i da je iskoriste.«
No, odmah se postavlja pitanje kakvo bi trebalo biti društvo da bi se ljudi u starosti osjećali vrijedni i ispunjeni? Što bi trebalo učiniti da ne postanu mrzovoljni, dosadom degradirani i duhovno ispražnjeni marginalci koji jedva da još mogu izraziti svoju ljudskost. Što svatko može učiniti za sebe da i u starosti živi puninu života, tj. može li se u starosti doseći i neke oblike samoostvarenja koji su u mladosti teško dosežni ili čak nedosežni?
Iako Simone de Beauvoir tek dotiče pitanje kako odgajati za starost kao vrijeme za stvaranje u dokolici, njezin je esej poticajan za promišljanje teme koja u zapadnom svijetu s njegovim starenjem sve više postaje središnjom.Facing old age Simone de Beauvoir writes about the existential issues of old people. With her book Old Age she tries to solve the dilemmas inevitably imposed onto an emancipated person by aging. Old age is a necessity of a long life for which we are insufficiently prepared, so Simone de Beauvoir encompasses the theme as an anthropological, economic, sociological, historical, political, and civilizational issue. Written in the form of an essay, the book is extensively weaved through with the personality of the author.
Writing the essay in 1968, the authoress directly participates in that turbulent year. By questioning the possibilities of emancipation in old age, Simone de Beauvoir raised the question which- if we view the events of 1968 as a demand for general emancipation - was still to come for those who were then building barricades on the streets of Paris. In the introduction of her book she emphasizes the interest for old age as a social issue and very critically views the existing social state in which old people are mostly socially marginalized, so she describes old age as a state which does not provide hope, pleasure, or happiness. Therefore people are more often afraid of aging than being able to accept it calmly.
Even though she devotes little of her text to the positive sides of old age, which is understandable considering the time and the circumstances in which the book was created, Simone de Beauvoir still gives the precept of old age as a possibility for emancipation:
“But the truth is that, generally speaking, old age has certain advantages. To be cast out to the margin of humanity means to be able to avoid oppressions, alienations, which are its fate; majority of old people do not utilize this opportunity, but it does present itself to some, and some are even able to use it.”
Yet, a question of what the society should be like in order for old people to feel worthy and fulfilled, immediately arises. What is to be done so they would not become morose, degraded by boredom, and spiritually emptied outcasts barely able to express their humanity. What can one do for oneself to be able to live life to the fullest even in old age, that is, whether it is possible to achieve some form of self-realization in old age which in youth was difficult to, or even beyond reach.
Although Simone de Beauvoir only stirs the question how to nurture for old age, as a time for creation in idleness, her essay encourages the thought about an issue which in the Western world along with its own aging is becoming increasingly central
Molecular dynamics modeling of structural battery components
No full textA crosslinked polymer based solid electrolyte prototype material –poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate– is studied using the reactive molecular dynamics force field ReaxFF. The focus of the study is the evaluation of the effects of equilibration and added plasticizer (ethylene carbonate) or anion components on Li ion transport properties in the solid electrolyte. The study includes initial evaluation of the force field, including bond dissociation characteristics, relevant for material failure, and elastic properties at room temperature, relevant for the structural application purpose. All considered systems indicate enhancement of Li ion diffusivity with respect to the 1 atm equilibrated system without additives/anions. Based on Li-O radial distribution function and integral radial distribution function comparisons, this is attributed to differences in Li solvation structure and related plastification, complexation and solvent exchange mechanisms.Structural EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
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