1,720,998 research outputs found
Irrigazione
No full textIl settore delle piante officinali presenta uno sviluppo in espansione e un potenziale da sfruttare. La produzione nazionale soddisfa solo una piccola parte del fabbisogno, mentre buona parte del prodotto proviene da Paesi terzi. Le produzioni nazionali di piante officinali possono essere competitive se si cura la qualità in tutte le fasi della filiera: dalla produzione alle aziende di trasformazione. Le nozioni di base per poter avviare le coltivazioni partono da una precisa conoscenza di quali specie coltivare, quali sistemi produttivi e tecnologie siano indispensabili, quale percorso produttivo porti al miglior prodotto finito, dall’impianto sino alla trasformazione. La consapevolezza dei produttori e degli aspiranti tali di quali siano gli standard specifici richiesti dal mercato è una buona leva per una crescita tecnico-qualitativa di tutto il compart
Parameterization and Field Validation of Saltmed Model for Grain Amaranth Tested in South Italy
No full textGrain amaranth is an underutilized Andean crop characterized by interesting agronomic and qualitative traits and could represent an important food source in areas with salinity and drought problems like the Mediterranean region. Knowledge of crop growth parameters allows us to parameterize simulation models that are useful tools to study the adaptability of a crop to different environmental and management conditions. In this study, the SALTMED model has been parameterized, calibrated and evaluated for grain amaranth under Mediterranean conditions, with data from a field trial conducted during 2009-2010 in South Italy. The model evaluation was made using seed yield, dry matter and soil moisture data of amaranth irrigated with saline and fresh water. The simulation results showed a high degree of precision of SALTMED in the simulation of the hydrological processes at different soil depths, crop yield and dry matter under different agricultural practices. SALTMED can be used as a useful tool to optimize grain amaranth production in the Mediterranean region
Assessing Amaranth Adaptability in a Mediterranean Area of South Italy under Different Climatic Scenarios
No full textThe aim of the present work was to study the adaptability of amaranth in a typical Mediterranean environment of South Italy under changing climate scenarios. In a first stage, experimental data from a field trial conducted during 2009-2010 on the Volturno River Plain (Italy) with grain amaranth grown under different irrigation strategies, were used to define the thermal requirements and the yield response function to soil water availability of amaranth. The observed soil moisture data were used to calculate the relative soil water deficit (RSWD) index and seed yield data were expressed as relative yield (Yr). Yr and RSWD calculated data were then graphically correlated to obtain the amaranth yield response function to soil water availability. In a second stage the SALTMED model was used to simulate impacts of present, past and future climate scenarios on amaranth growth cycle and yield. Climate-change scenarios (Special Report on Emission Scenarios A1B, A2 and B1) data, used as input in the model, were derived from six global circulation models using a weather generator. The results showed that in a changing climate, temperature affects the relative duration of the growth cycle and could be a critical determinant of grain yield. The use of supplemental irrigations could allow the amaranth to guarantee a high seed yield under Mediterranean conditions
Saltmed model to simulate yield and dry matter for quinoa crop and soil moisture content under different irrigation strategies in south italy
No full textThe aim of this research was to calibrate and validate the SALTMED model with soil moisture, total dry matter and yield data of Chenopodium quinoa Willd var. Titicaca grown in a Mediterranean environment of south Italy under different irrigation strategies. For this purpose the data used were obtained from a biannual field trial (2009-2010) performed at the experimental station of the CNR--Institute for Agricultural and Forest Mediterranean Systems (ISAFoM) on the Volturno river plain, an irrigated area of southern Italy; a control irrigation treatment where water was given to restore the root zone layer (0.0- 0.36 m) to 100% of its field capacity, and two other treatments where water given represented 50 and 25% of the water volume given for the control treatment. Two water qualities were used, saline and well water. The SALTMED model was calibrated using yield, total dry matter (including roots) and soil moisture data from 100% well water treatment in 2009. After the calibration, the model was validated using the same set of crop and soil parameters. The results indicated the model's ability to simulate with good precision, soil moisture values, total dry matter and grain yield for quinoa under different irrigation strategies with saline and fresh water for a two-year experiment. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Melon crops (Cucumis melo L., cv. Tendral) grown in a mediterranean environment under saline-sodic conditions: Part I. Yield and quality
No full textMelon plants (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Tendral were grown in an open field trial in 2004 to investigate the effect of increased saline sodic water concentration on yield, crop tolerance, fruit quality and ion content. Three saline water concentrations were created by adding 5, 10 and 20gl-1 of commercial sea salt (NaCl) to well water. These treatments were compared against well water (C) with an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.9dSm-1. The ECw of the saline water was 8.7, 15.3, and 28.2dSm-1 for treatments T0.5, T1 and T2, respectively. The experimental field was used between 1995 and 2001 for trials that studied the effects of saline irrigation on crop yield responses. Later, between 2002 and 2003, the same field was irrigated by well water. Increased salinity significantly reduced the leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) for both vegetative growth and fructification, whereas the net assimilation rate (NAR) was reduced only during vegetative growth. Yield reduction resulted from the number and average weight of the marketable fruit. The maximum mean seasonal electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste ECed- without yield reduction (i.e., the salt tolerance threshold) was 1.73 and 1.54dSm-1 for the total yield and the marketable yield, respectively. Above the salt tolerance threshold, the total yield was reduced, per unit increase of soil salinity, by 14%, and the marketable yield by 15%. The salinity positively affected the refractometric degree. Preservability was moderate in treatments C, T0.5 and T1, whereas it was good for treatment T2. There were significantly fewer rotten fruit in T2 than in treatments C, T0.5 and T1. The salinity treatments increased the Na concentration in the leaves and stems; Na concentration decreased from the basal to apical part of the plant (for both leaves and stems). In addition, the maintenance of K selectivity in both plant parts could be a strategy used by the plants for increasing their salt tolerance and enhancing fruit quality (TSS). © 2011 Elsevier B.V
Field phenotyping and quality traits of grass pea genotypes in South Italy
No full textBACKGROUND: Grass pea (Laithyrus sativus L.) is a rustic plant whose seeds are rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, and it has been consumed as food by human beings since ancient times. This study was conducted in Italy between 2017and 2019 to evaluate, under field conditions, the stability of seed yield, biomass and 1000-seed weight (THS) and to assess the antioxidant composition and activity of 11 grass pea accessions. RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of the environment, accession and accession × environment (A × E) on the yield, above-ground biomass and THS. We found that the environment (year) and A × E explained 52.61% and 23.76% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. No relationship was observed between the yield and the total protein of seeds. Most grass pea accessions showed sensitivity to frost conditions that occurred in the third growing season. The total phenolic content ranged from 50.51 to 112.78 mg 100 g−1 seeds and antioxidant activity ranged from 0.576 to 0.898 mmol Trolox equivalents 100 g−1 seeds and from 0.91 to 1.6 mmol Fe2+ 100 g−1 seeds in 2,20-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and ferric-reducing antioxidant power, respectively. Among the accessions, the ‘Campi Flegrei’ and ‘di Castelcività’ showed the best performance with the highest yield and stability, phenolic content and superior antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the yield of grass pea was mainly influenced by different climate conditions. This variability in yield, phenolic content and antioxidant activity among different accessions could help breeders and farmers select high-performance accessions for cultivation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of deficit irrigation using saline water on 'chenopodium quinoa willd.' Grown in a mediterranean environment
No full textChenopodium quinoa Willd. is an Andean species that shows a good adaptability to different environmental conditions. A field trial was carried out in 2009 at the CNR-ISAFoM research station to evaluate the response of quinoa under combined stresses of salinity and water shortage. Three irrigation treatments were compared 100, 50, and 25% of the water necessary to replenish to field capacity the soil layer explored by roots. Each treatment was irrigated with saline (ECw 20 dS m-1) and nonsaline water. Standing up to the high expectations, quinoa confirmed the resistance to salinity and water deficit and yield was not significantly different for both water and saline. Similar results were found also for plant water status parameters. © ISHS
Gas-exchange measurements on mature, field-grown grapevines by whole-canopy enclosure
No full textAn open-system, whole-canopy enclosure chamber for gas-exchange determinations was tested on three mature grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. 'Aglianico') during the summer of 2005. Data were measured by using an IRGA (Li-COR-840) and were collected automatically every 3 min using a CR23X datalogger mounted inside of the chamber. Temperature, leaf water potential and volumetric soil water contents were monitored at intervals. At harvest, canopy leaf area was about 9 m2. On 30 July, recent rainfall had restored soil water status to about 33% of soil volume (near field capacity). Under these conditions assimilation (A) and transpirations (T) showed mean daily values of 20 μmol s-1 and 7.5 mmol s-1 respectively and noon leaf water potentials were -1.1 MPa. By 13 August soil water content had fallen to 24% (close to wilting point), noon leaf water potential was -1.4 MPa and A and T showed values of 13 μmol s-1 and 2.5 mmol s-1 respectively indicating stressed conditions but with increased whole canopy water use efficiency. Gas-exchange data are comparable to values found in the literature for grapevine under stress condition and show that the new canopy chamber is an effective system for measuring the gas-exchange of mature vines in the field
grain amaranth under drought and salinity at various phenological stages in southern Italy
No full textBACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is tolerant to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. Irrigation applied only during sensitive growth stages can stabilize yield and improve water use efficiency. Given the increasing frequency of salinity and drought stress in European countries and the scarcity of information on grain amaranth responses to combined salt and drought stress, an open field trial was carried out in Italy in order to evaluate the response of one accession of Amaranthus hypochondriacus to various irrigation strategies. RESULTS: Grain amaranth yield components were not negatively affected either by different irrigation volumes or by irrigation time. Some differences in seed yield were caused by water quality; salinity significantly reduced seed yield. The combined effect of irrigation time and irrigation volume significantly influenced seed yield. The quality of amaranth seeds was preserved; no significant differences due to simple or combined stresses were found during the three-year field experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The overall results from this study suggest that A. hypochondriacus can be cultivated in a more sustainable way compared to other protein crops, thus reducing water use and using saline water. It could be introduced to marginal European environments where traditional crops cannot be cultivated. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenotypic and Quality Traits of Chickpea Genotypes under Rainfed Conditions in South Italy
Full text linkChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important cool-season food legume crop that is mainly cultivated as a rainfed crop. This study was conducted in Italy between 2017 and 2019 to evaluate the stability of seed yield (SY), biomass (AGB) and 1000 seed weight (THS), and to assess the seed quality of 12 kabuli chickpea accessions under field conditions. The likelihood-ratio test revealed significant effects of genotype only for the SY and THS. The environment and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects were highly significant for all variables. We found that the environment (year) and GEI explain 55.72% and 20.87% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. Most chickpea accessions showed sensitivity to frost conditions in the third growing season. No relationship was observed between the yield and the protein content in Kabuli chickpea. Among the accessions, Ares and Reale showed the best performance under all environmental conditions, and the Reale was the most stable chickpea
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