1,720,976 research outputs found
Centro e periferia nell'Etiopia imperiale: governare la frontiera nordoccidentale nel bassopiano di Gondar
Full text linkIl contributo analizza il processo di ristrutturazione dello Stato etiopico alla frontiera nordoccidentale tra il 1941 e il 1972, utilizzando come caso di studio un progetto di sviluppo agricolo finanziato da Banca Mondiale e Nazioni Unite nel distretto di Setit Humera. Metodologicamente, l’articolo si avvale di fonti primarie inedite raccolte negli archivi britannici, etiopici e della Banca Mondiale, così come di interviste orali e letteratura grigia La ri- visitazione delle strategie di governo del bassopiano non è un processo line- are, ma il risultato delle negoziazioni tra i diversi livelli di governo de jure ede facto che esercitano prerogative di sovranità lungo il confine. La dialettica interna all’apparato statuale etiopico consente inoltre di rivedere in maniera critica il paradigma centro-periferia e cogliere le varie sfaccettature che si celano dietro la manifestazione dello Stato lungo la frontiera
Of Capital and Power Italian Late-Colonial Policies in Eritrea at the Onset of the Federation with Ethiopia
Full text linkScholars of African history have often inquired into the relationship
between government and business in the making of North-South
relations after decolonization. The neo-colonial thesis maintained
that the metropolitan governments undertook overt and covert actions to preserve the dominant position of their own multinational
corporations in the newly independent African nations. Historians
of British Africa have partially revisited this thesis, suggesting a more
nuanced understanding of the relationship between political and
economic actors. This article seeks to test these arguments in relation to the Italian case, looking at the early process of decolonization
in Eritrea. In 1952, the former Italian colony passed from British to
Ethiopian rule, but Italian companies maintained the dominant position they had enjoyed for decades. The analysis of the relationship
between the Italian authorities, Italian companies and African administrations in Ethiopia and Eritrea suggests that government intervention was crucial to support the positions of Italian capital in
the former colonies, at least in the first few years of the Federation
of Eritrea with Ethiopia. But it also shows that this alliance was possible only thanks to the subjugation of the needs of capital to those
of raison d’état. Methodologically, the article is based on material
from the historical archives of the Bank of Italy, those of the Italian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the national archives of the United Kingdom, and the historical archives of the Italian bank Banco di Rom
Negotiating North-South relations: The World Bank’s Grain Marketing Project in revolutionary Ethiopia, 1974–1978
No full textThis article explores the driving reasons that shaped the World Bank policy toward Africa in the 1970s through the lens of the relationship between the World Bank, western countries, and revolutionary Ethiopia from 1974 to 1978, during the negotiations for the Grain Marketing project (GMP). The trajectory of the GMP reveals that the World Bank’s attitude was shaped by external and internal factors as well. The organization operated under pressure of major Western shareholders and associated business groups demanding compensation for the nationalization of their assets. The continuation of negotiations and the final approval of the GMP, however, were primarily shaped by the demands of the Ethiopian government and the internal confrontation between the advocates of macro-economic orthodoxy and the supporters of a flexible approach to development. According to the latter, the relationship with Addis Ababa was a critical test for the World Bank’s legitimacy in sub-Saharan Africa at a time when demands for a New International Economic Order challenged established patterns of North-South relations
A Contested Internal Frontier: The Politics of Internal and International Borders in North-Western Ethiopia
Full text linkThis article analyses the historicity of the process of state building at Ethiopia’s north-western corner. The contemporary conflict for control of western Tigray is the by-product of a long-standing struggle for control of natural resources and trading flows between sub-regional centres of power that played a prominent role in the political arena of the Horn of Africa since the late nineteenth century. In turn, the outcome of this competition is critical to understand the making of Ethiopia’s foreign policy toward its neighbours since the second half of the twentieth century
Border diplomacy and state-building in northwestern Ethiopia, c. 1965–1977
No full textIn the first half of the twentieth century, the north-western lowlands of imperial Ethiopia were the typical interstitial frontier of the Ethiopian–Sudanese borderlands. Starting in the early 1960s, a cash crop revolution paved the way to the transformation of the Mazega into a settlement frontier and the emergence of a dispute with Sudan for demarcation of the international border. This article explores the entanglement between the political economy of frontier governance and border diplomacy in the contested area. It highlights how the management of the border dispute was deeply affected by the contradictory interests of the various layers of government and “twilight” entities that projected Ethiopian statecraft at the periphery. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
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