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A psycho-linguistic approach for studying adult playfulness: a replication and extension toward relations with humor
No full textThis study addresses the basic structure of playfulness in adults from a psy- cho-lexical approach and its relationship with the sense of humor. Using items derived from a corpus analysis of written accounts in the German language, five factors were derived (N = 195); that is, (a) cheerful-engaged; (b) whimsical; (c) creative-loving; (d) intellectual; and (e) impulsive. Their contents strongly overlap in comparison with an earlier study using this approach. However, the correlation of the intellectual component with two current measures of adult playfulness was low, and the impulsive component was not correlated with these measures. The question arises as to whether these aspects exist only as components in the implicit psychological and linguistic theories. The sense of humor was most strongly related with the cheerful-engaged factor while some “humor skills” were particularly related to other factors; for example, finding humor under stress with the intellectual component. This study helps toward a better understanding of the basic structure of playfulness in adults
Entwicklung Objektiver Persönlichkeitstests zur Erfassung des Interesses an beruflichen Tätigkeiten
No full textZur multimethodischen Diagnostik beruflicher Interessen : vom Fragebogen zum Objektiven Test
No full textConvergence of conventional and behavior-based measures: Towards a multimethod approach in the assessment of vocational interests
Get PDFThe main aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of different techniques for the assessment of vocational interests. In an empirical study (n = 264) a questionnaire, a nonverbal test, several objective personality tests, and a semi-projective test were applied in one single session in a computerized setting. All tests enable the assessment of vocational interests with regard to the theory of vocational interests by Holland (1997). Results showed that highest correlations to a Holland-type questionnaire were found for the questionnaire and the nonverbal test. In general, the objective personality tests were less homogenous and showed lower correlations to questionnaires. Nevertheless, all different measures showed potential for the assessment of vocational interests. Improvements in the test material and
scoring methods of the newly constructed tests are discussed and a model for the combined use of different assessment methods is presented. Future research directions and a discussion on the role of a multimethod assessment strategy in practice are given
Playfulness over the lifespan and its relation to happiness : Results from an online survey
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Playfulness is an understudied topic in adults and particularly among the elderly. There is no large study to date on age-related changes in playfulness across the lifespan, nor have relations with different indicators of well-being been investigated in much detail as yet.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: In total, 4100 adults completed online self-ratings on their playfulness, happiness and Seligman’s three orientations to happiness (a pleasurable, engaged and meaningfully fulfilled life).
RESULTS: In a cross-sectional design, playfulness was stable across the lifespan; variations in the mean scores were relatively small (half a standard deviation). Yet participants < 40 years yielded the comparatively lowest scores. There were no gender differences. Playfulness was best predicted by the scale assessing a pleasurable life and was positively related to happiness.
CONCLUSION: Playfulness seems to be of relevance in all age groups and displays robust relations with different indicators of well-being.
HINTERGRUND: Verspieltheit im Erwachsenenalter und besonders im höheren Alter ist ein wenig erforschtes Merkmal. Es gibt bislang keine große Studie zu altersspezifischen Veränderungen. Beziehungen zu Indikatoren des Wohlbefindens wurden ebenfalls noch nicht ausführlich untersucht.
MATERIAL UND METHODEN: In einer Online-Studie bearbeiteten 4100 Erwachsene Maße zu Verspieltheit, Wohlbefinden und Seligmans Orientierungen zum Wohlbefinden (das vergnügliche, engagierte und sinnerfüllte Leben).
ERGEBNISSE: In einem Querschnittdesign war die Verspieltheit über die Lebensspanne hinweg stabil verteilt; die Mittelwerte wiesen nur geringe Variation auf (eine halbe Standardabweichung). Personen < 40 Jahre wiesen aber die vergleichsweise niedrigsten Werte auf. Es gab keine Geschlechtsunterschiede. Die Skala zum vergnüglichen Leben hat sich als bester Prädiktor für Verspieltheit erwiesen; es fanden sich positive Beziehungen zum Wohlbefinden.
SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Verspieltheit scheint in allen Altersgruppen von Bedeutung zu sein und weist robuste Beziehungen zum Wohlbefinden auf
Perceived functions of playfulness in adults : Does it mobilize you at work, rest, and when being with others?
No full textINTRODUCTION: Little is known about what adults perceive as core functions of playfulness in their daily life.
OBJECTIVE: To compile a list of perceived functions of playfulness from nominations of laypeople and to test the association of the productions with individual levels of playfulness as a personality trait.
METHOD: Three hundred and twenty-four adults aged 18 to 62 (M = 31.6, SD = 11.5) listed perceived functions of playfulness in five areas (leisure and work and when being with work colleagues, friends, and their partner) and completed a questionnaire for playfulness.
RESULTS: The entries were grouped into seven broader categories; namely, (1) well-being; (2) humor and laughter; (3) mastery orientation; (4) creativity; (5) relationships; (6) coping strategies; and (7) coping with situations. Women noted more functions than men (t(297) = 2.99, p < .01, d = 0.35) but there were no gender differences in the playfulness scale. Individual levels of playfulness correlated only for men with a greater number of functions, while it was uncorrelated in the sample of women.
CONCLUSION: People see a broad range of functions for playfulness in their daily lives. This warrants further investigation on potential benefits of adult playfulness
The well-being of playful adults: Adult playfulness, subjective well-being, physical well-being, and the pursuit of enjoyable activities
Get PDFIt was hypothesized that playfulness in adults relates positively to different indicators of subjective but also physical well-being. A sample of 255 adults completed subjective measures of playfulness along with self-ratings for different facets of well-being and the endorsement to enjoyable activities. Adult playfulness demonstrated robust positive relations with life satisfaction and an inclination to enjoyable activities and an active way of life. There were also minor positive relations with physical fitness. Leading an active way of life partially mediated the relation between playfulness and life satisfaction. The study provides further evidence on the contribution of adult playfulness to different aspects of well-being
Development and initial assessment of a short measure for adult playfulness: The SMAP
No full textThis study reports an initial evaluation of a new short measure for adult playfulness (SMAP). In data from
a construction (N = 266), and two replication samples (N = 147 students, N = 215 adults), a one-dimensional
solution showed the best fit for the data and satisfactory internal consistency (.80–.89) was found
(test–retest correlation = .74; 12–16 weeks). Younger adults scored higher in playfulness than older ones.
The SMAP demonstrated robust correlations with measures for adult playfulness and the need for play.
Cheerfulness and culture along with low seriousness and low conscientiousness were its best predictors.
In ratings of an unordered work-space and a surrealistic painting, playful adults expressed higher liking
for and lower disapproval of these compared to non-playful adults. Overall, the new scale yielded good
psychometric properties and first evidence on its validity was encouraging. The SMAP has been developed
for an economic, global assessment of adult playfulness, which is still an understudied topic in personality
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