1,720,994 research outputs found
I servizi di mobilità condivisa (shared mobility services) e l’evoluzione tecnologica
Full text linkLa cosiddetta mobilità condivisa, meglio nota con il termine anglosassone di “shared mobility” è oggi un tema molto dibattuto nell’ambito dei trasporti ed è una delle soluzioni suggerite dalla Commissione Europea per orientare la mobilità verso una maggiore sostenibilità.
La shared mobility è una delle componenti della cosiddetta “sharing economy". Anche se oggi manca un consenso in merito alla sua definizione, essa può essere sintetizzata come: a) economia di accesso (access economy); b) in cui l’aspetto di condivisione diventa secondario; c) ed il mercato è mediato da un’impresa intermediaria (Eckhardt and Bardhi, 2015).
L'articolo presenta alcuni dati sulla sharing economy e illustra il business model dei servizi di mobilità condivisa. Si forniscono infine alcune riflessioni in merito al valore aggiunto di tale mobilità nel quadro delle politiche di trasporto che intendono supportare una maggiore sostenibilità
Validation of a unidimensional and probabilistic measurement scale for proenvironmental behaviour by travellers
Full text linkIn the current debate, ecological themes have become a key element that can influence public policy, as recent events involving green activist groups have shown. Public policies targeted to education, along with focused advertising, can strongly influence people’s beliefs and their emotional reactions. Understanding individual behavioural responses is therefore of the utmost importance for policy makers wishing to encourage more sustainable mobility. They could be greatly assisted by an effective measure of ecological behaviour giving them a better understanding of the determinants of travel behaviour, enabling them to analyse the impact of adopted policies. Ideally, such a measure should be simple to use, and it should be usable across different cultural and geographical contexts so as to allow comparisons between different countries. This paper seeks to determine whether the General Ecological Behaviour (GEB) questionnaire – as a dichotomous multi-items Rasch scale for ecological behaviour measurement – is valid for use in a different cultural context. We refer to the relevant literature, and we describe our approach in detail so that it may easily be adopted by interested practitioners. The research was done in the metropolitan area of Torino (Italy), where a multimodal real-time smartphone application to assist travellers and encourage them towards more sustainable mobility was being developed and trialled. Within this framework, an investigation was done into the pro-environmental behaviour of the participants in the app trial. Our aim was to determine whether a general pro-environmental attitude can legitimately be assessed using Item Response Theory and, notably, the Rasch model. Results suggest that, using an Item Response Theory model, GEB is a questionnaire that is able to effectively measure pro-environmental behaviour by travellers. There are no discrepancies between pro-social behaviour (a trait that is known to correlate with environmentally friendly attitudes and that the GEB questionnaire seeks to measure) and actual environmentally friendly behaviour; one-dimensionality, item reliability, and the absence of simple differential item functioning are all good indicators of a model that functions well. GEB has shown its potential in providing an understanding of people’s attitudes towards environmental issues and of how this information might be used to better tailor public policies in a number of sectors, in particular transport
Artificial intelligence and its impact on the current and future transport workforce: policies and research to bridge the gaps and foster cooperation versus competition between countries
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) is widely recognised as the revolution of this era; however, its adoption is uneven across industries and countries, with a wide gap between Europe and non-EU countries.
The paper analyses the state of AI adoption, focusing on transport workforce, and aims at proposing common actions, research, and policies to create cooperation rather than competition.
To this end, a literature review was conducted, followed by two field surveys on the needs and actions of stakeholders and students to manage the transition to increasing digitalisation and automation accelerated by AI. The field surveys involved focus groups, interviews and archaeological ethnography and were based on a worldwide selection of stakeholders from different transport sectors, and a sample of undergraduate, master's, and PhD students. Textual analysis was used for data analysis.
Over 900 stakeholders from 45 countries, including all levels of workforce, and nearly 600 students were involved. Needs, issues and concrete actions emerged, proposing specific measures to reduce the risks generated by AI. The main recommendations refer to: a) labour market regulation that requires broader inclusion of social dialogue; b) integration of the educational approach at different school and work levels, to prepare people to think independently and be creative in order to prevent shocks in adapting to AI evolution, fostering collaboration instead of competition. Field experiments are proposed to test policies, making the transition to AI use effective. The EU-US comparison in light of the proposed policies highlights the barriers created by different economic contexts, values and market regulations
Transports soutenables et mobilités urbaines : les défis du transport en commun
No full textThe paper aims at identifying the elements useful to rationalise public transport networks, making them more efficient and able to induce a modal diversion from car. The first part presents the role of benchmarking for the definition of performance indicators of public transport. Then, the methodology to collect the data to analyse in a comparative way 34 cities is given. Finally, some suggestions to improve the quality of service are reported
ANALYSIS OF MOBILITY PATTERNS AND TRANSPORT SUPPLY THROUGH THE VALIDATION DATA OF SMART CARDS
No full textThe paper aims at building the origin-destination matrix from the check in data collected in the extra-urban area of Torino (Italy), where thousands of people commute everyday using smart-cards to validate their travel documents while boarding. To this end, the methodological approach relied on a survey along three months to record smart-card validations. Peak and off-peak periods have been defined according to the validation frequency and a users’ segmentation according to age intervals has been implemented. Then, the origin-destination matrix has been estimated using the time interval between two validations to outline the different legs of the journey. Finally, the transport demand has been matched with the existing services showing which areas were not properly covered by public transport. The results of this research would assist public transport operators and local authorities in the design of a more suitable transport supply in accordance with users’ needs
Using the validation data of smart cards to better design public transport networks
No full textThe paper aims at defining an algorithm able to build the origin-destination matrix from the check in data collected in the extra-urban area of Torino, where thousands of people commute everyday using smart-cards to validate their travel documents while boarding. To this end, the methodological approach relied on a survey along three months to record smart-card validations. Peak and off-peak periods have been defined according to the validation frequency. Then, the origin-destination matrix has been estimated using the time interval between two validations to outline the different legs of the journey. Finally, the transport demand has been matched with the existing services showing which areas were not properly covered by public transport. The results of this research would assist public transport operators and local authorities in the design of a more suitable transport supply in accordance with users’ needs
How much pricing measures can help achieve sustainable goals: A market segmentation based on road pricing acceptability
No full textThis research proposes a market segmentation based on road pricing acceptability. A questionnaire was ad hoc designed and administered to a sample of 61 people living in Lyon metropolitan area, selected in order to include various profiles as regards modes’ use and socio-economic characteristics. An Exploratory Factor Analysis and then a Cluster Analysis were carried out and four groups were found: 1) the Careful and committed; 2) the Green and pragmatic; 3) the Smart and flexible; and 4) the Car addicted. The results of the Cluster Analysis were compared to the outcomes of a grouping exercise previously carried out on data collected through Focus Group discussions involving the same sample. Willingness To Pay and travel behaviour have been deeply analysed. A good coherence between the two clustering exercises was found, despite few inconsistencies, notably for Cluster 3, showing the importance of using a mixed approach in investigating so complex issues
Smartphone Applications Developed to Collect Mobility Data: A Review and SWOT Analysis
No full textTravel surveys and other traditional methods have been used for collecting mobility data since 1930s. Those surveys have been so far the most reliable approaches to understand people mobility patterns, but their high costs do not allow a high frequency collection to obtain continuously updated data. To overcome these limitations, digitalization opens the gate for renewed travel data collection and analysis methods. To this extent, this paper aims to present a review of the various smartphone applications, classifying them according to three different purposes: 1) Travel Data Collection and Analysis; 2) Travel Surveys; and 3) Promotion of Sustainable Mobility. 81 apps were retrieved and analysed in detail and evaluated according to their features and the methods used for data collection. A subsequent SWOT analysis has then been performed to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of using the smartphone applications to understand mobility patterns. Finally, recommendations for future research are put forward
My-Moby: a customer oriented tool to support integrated transport and resilient communities
No full textThe research will provide an innovative analysis of the complexity of the interaction between information and travel behaviour from the new perspective of the knowledge-based society and the use of big data for transport. The project, carried by the professorship MIDT (Mobilité Intelligente et Dynamiques Territoriales – Intelligent Mobility and Territorial Dynamics) at the Université Technologique de Compiègne (Sorbonne Universités - UTC) has several purposes: planning and programming of public transport as well as control the quality of service; managing mobility; supplying new services for the customers. To this end, the scientific goals are:
- to push one step forward research on travel behaviour;
- to understand the specific role of information delivery on behaviour for different users' typologies;
- to propose tailored transport policies, well suiting users’ needs.
Through a mixed method, joining a qualitative and a quantitative approach, the project will develop a framework for collecting, analysing and extracting urban mobility information from several sources.
Active research and development allow us to continuously improve our services, current progresses are being made in the fields of:
- automatic mode detection, thanks to machine learning techniques;
- automatic scope inference, thanks to time series analysis and spatial POI detection;
- automatic zoning and OD matrix construction, thanks to big data processing and spatial statistics
CASE STUDY ON EFFECTS OF THE MANDATORY VALIDATION ON BUS COMMERCIAL SPEED
Full text linkThe paper aims to define the new operational requirements and procedures to allow the GTT (Torino public transport company) to implement mandatory validation without negative impacts on both the company and the users. To this end, a four-step methodology has been put forward: a) choice of the reference route and trip sampling; b) data acquisition; c) boarding time analysis and d) future scenario definition.
Attained results show that the most unfavourable situation for the company is banning people from boarding the bus/tram through any door (the case today) because it requires, in order to maintain the same time interval at bus stops, an increase of trips in the morning peak hour. Thus, the present system limits the outcomes negatively for the users in terms of waiting time. However, a change could lead to such positive consequences as fuller passenger cooperation to validate tickets/passes and a more ordered boarding, thus reducing fraud and improving the image of the company
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