4 research outputs found
Automatic PVC Pipe Cutting Machine
No full textPipe cutting operation plays the important role in pipe extruding industries. In small scale industries the pipe cutting operation in pipe extruding company is done by manual operation. During manual cutting the chip formation is high also there may be a chance of cross cutting of the pipe. These cross cutting occurs due to the tight holding of the pipe. Such that to avoid these kinds of difficulties the pipe cutting operation is done by pneumatically controlled systems. The working of the system is to carry out three processes feeding, clamping and then cutting. The main concern is to regulate the pressure conferring to requirement. The chief work of this system is to slice out huge number of jobs in pipe form rendering to the batch production. The arrangement of the pneumatic valves deployed in this system is accordance to the circuit planned. Automation in the modern world is inevitable. Any automatic machine aimed at the economical use of man, machine, and material worth the most. The pipe feeding and cutting machine works with the help of pneumatic double acting cylinder. The piston is connected to the moving cutting tool the machine is portable in size, so easy transportable. P Manikandan | K Krishnakanth | Prof P Mathan Kumar "Automatic PVC Pipe Cutting Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10869.pd
Automatic PVC Pipe Cutting Machine
No full textPipe cutting operation plays the important role in pipe extruding industries. In small scale industries the pipe cutting operation in pipe extruding company is done by manual operation. During manual cutting the chip formation is high also there may be a chance of cross cutting of the pipe. These cross cutting occurs due to the tight holding of the pipe. Such that to avoid these kinds of difficulties the pipe cutting operation is done by pneumatically controlled systems. The working of the system is to carry out three processes feeding, clamping and then cutting. The main concern is to regulate the pressure conferring to requirement. The chief work of this system is to slice out huge number of jobs in pipe form rendering to the batch production. The arrangement of the pneumatic valves deployed in this system is accordance to the circuit planned. Automation in the modern world is inevitable. Any automatic machine aimed at the economical use of man, machine, and material worth the most. The pipe feeding and cutting machine works with the help of pneumatic double acting cylinder. The piston is connected to the moving cutting tool the machine is portable in size, so easy transportable. P Manikandan | K Krishnakanth | Prof P Mathan Kumar "Automatic PVC Pipe Cutting Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10869.pd
Scaling-up perovskite solar cells on hydrophobic surfaces
No full textDespite impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reported for lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs), obtaining large-area devices with similar performance remains challenging. Fundamentally, this can largely be attributed to a polarity mismatch between the perovskite-precursor solution and the underlying hydrophobic contact materials, resulting in perovskite films of insufficient quality for scaled devices. Specifically, for p-i-n devices, the commonly used DMF/DMSO co-solvent has a significant polarity mismatch with its underlying holetransporting layer, PTAA. Here, the role of MAPbI(3).solvent adduct interaction with the PTAA surface towards the formation of micro- and nano-scale pinholes is elucidated in detail. Replacing DMSO with NMP in the co-solvent system changes the binding energy profoundly, enabling uniform and dense films over large areas. The PCE of DMF/NMP ink-based devices drops slightly with increasing active device area, from 21.5% (0.1 cm(2)) to 19.8% (6.8 cm(2)), in comparison with conventional DMF/DMSO ink. This work opens a pathway towards the scalability of solution-processed perovskite optoelectronic devices.The adopted e-PIC videography instrument in this study was developed within the Potential project in cooperation with IMEC and the following people: Dr. Karolien Keppens, Iris Roose, Dr. Esther Gheyssens, Dr. Júlia Griful-Freixenet, Prof. Dr. Katrien
Struyven, Prof. Dr. Piet Van Avermaet, Prof. Dr. Ruben Vanderlinde, Prof. Dr. Els Consuegra, Dr. Wendelien Vantieghem, Kristof Van Damme and Martin Vanbrabant. We would like to thank them for their engagement. In addition, the authors of this study gratefully acknowledge the support of the POTENTIAL research and valorisation project (www.potentialproject.be) funded by the Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (VLAIO)
Reducing childhood illness - fostering growth : an integrated home-based intervention package (IHIP) to improve indoor-air pollution, drinking water quality and child nutrition
No full textChild mortality attributable to pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition accounts globally for the majority of 8.8 million annual deaths. More than half of these deaths are preventable. Available and effective interventions include safe water supply, household water treatment, improved chimney stoves and personal- and home-hygiene and -health messages. In Peru, the current health services reform is focused on shifting responsibilities to peripheral levels; thus, empowering community organisations to manage primary health care services, including health promotion and preventive measures at household level. The current political situation and policy framework to integrate effective preventive interventions that can be delivered at family level, prompted us to test the efficacy of a package of health interventions to reduce childhood illness burden at rural household level.
The goal of this PhD thesis was to assess the efficacy of an Integrated Environmental Home-based-Intervention Package (IHIP), comprised of an improved chimney stoves, access to safe drinking water from solar radiation household water treatment (SODIS), and hygiene education interventions, to reduce morbidity of acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea and poor growth of rural Peruvian children under three years of age. We implemented a community-randomised control field trial (cRCT) in 51 community’s clusters of the San Marcos Province, Cajamarca Region, Peru. The cRCT was divided as follows:
* Set-up, community selection and participatory intervention development: A pilot study was carried out for the selection of the interventions. These were adapted to local customs. The participatory phase is described in detail in Chapters 4 & 5.
* Randomization, enrolment and baseline data collection: Chapter 6 describes the randomisation, enrolment and baseline in detail.
* Carbon monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5) household air quality assessment: Chapter 7 & 8 describe the efficacy of the OPTIMA-improved stove in improving household air quality in comparison to traditional open fire stoves.
* Morbidity surveillance and field data acquisition: Morbidity data on the daily occurrence of signs and symptoms diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses of children was collected weekly. Anthropometric every two months and microbial data every 6 months. Chapter 9 describes the IHIP impact on morbidity reduction.
* Workshops for a community-driven sustainable dessimination: Chapter 10 describes the community workshops and dissemination processes and dynamics within a socio-ecological framework.
Our community-randomised control trial demonstrated that IHIP reduced 22% per year of child diarrhoea (RR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.49-1.05) and found an odds ratio of 0.71 for diarrhoea prevalence (OR 0.71, 95%, CI: 0.47, 1.06). No effects on the frequency of acute lower respiratory infections (RR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.65) or child’s growth rates were found when comparing study arms. We identified three reasons for this moderate diarrhoea reduction: i) hand-washing promotion was universally found in our setting, since it is being promoted by the health care centre; ii) SODIS compliance was moderate: only one third of the beneficiaries were using the method regularly; and iii) the increased awareness for the child’s needs linked to the control intervention, could induce improved child care behaviour. The lack of effect on ALRI, could be linked to insufficient reduction in exposure to household air pollutants and high health service utilisation due to cultural beliefs and health seeking behavoiur. The household air pollution assessment study revealed only moderate reductions of 45% and 27% reduction of PM2.5 and CO, respectively for mothers’ personal exposure. This result was achieved in the best working stoves only. This may most likely not be sufficient to reduce impact on physician-diagnosed pneumonia.
Community participatory meetings and surveys revealed that people’s decisions on adopting household-level environmental and hygiene interventions, was not only based on individual perceptions of their potential gains, but also depended on peer pressure and social network relations. Individual perceptions regarding pollution levels of water and household air (transparent, odourless water vs dirty air environments) influenced perceived gains and the adoption of certain interventions. Access to information and encouragement from health-care providers and programme implementers also increased adoption.
The IHIP had several additional benefits beyond health outcomes. Mother’s expressed that the stoves could reduce cooking time and wood consumption, which translated into cost saving. They also could perform other task while cooking. Regarding the kitchen sink, the mothers expressed it facilitated handwashing, and washing of utensils with detergent, generating a cleaner kitchen environment that fostered home and food hygiene. We believe that the IHIP package motivated families to improve the kitchen living area in general. The high acceptance and sustained use was not only observed in the IHIP families but also in non-participating families that had copied the OPTIMA-improved stove after the community engagement in the desimination activities. We can also conclude that the IHIP package added to the family status, improved quality of life and impacted on their livelihoods, by empowering the beneficiary families.
In conclusion, through this project we envisaged to demonstrate how an integrated package could be implemented at the household level in rural areas of Peru and its effect on health, quality of life and livelihoods. However, behaviour change for keeping maintanence of the interventions and use is necessary to achieve compliance, replication and sustainability
