671 research outputs found
Bio-formulates as a promising control strategy against different Fusarium pathogens with intent to reduce food mycotoxins contamination.
No full textThe problems of fungal pathogens on durum wheat. Italy is the main producer and consumer of this cereal. Durum wheat is subject to the attack of numerous microorganisms responsible for different diseases, that cause both quantitative and qualitative damage
“but I am also influenced by no such thing”-The Radical Pietist and Theological Author Johanna Eleonora Petersen
No full textJohanna Eleonora von und zu Merlau, verheiratete Petersen, von jeher tief gläubig, veränderte die religiöse Welt des 17. Jahrhunderts. Sie bekannte sich zur Bewegung des Pietismus und vertrat radikale Ansichten, nicht nur im privaten Kreis, sondern als anerkannte und heftig kritisierte theologische Autorin. Ihrem Werk ist eine Studie gewidmet, in der neue Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt und Leben und Werk dieser bedeutenden Autorin in zeitgenössische Diskurse eingebunden werden.The deeply devout Johanna Eleonora Petersen, whose maiden name was „von und zu Merlau,” changed the religious world of the seventeenth century. She avowed herself to Pietism and held radical views, not only in private but also as an acknowledged and sharply criticized theological author. This study attends to her work. It presents new research results and weaves the life and work of this important author into contemporary discourses
La notion de défectuosité du produit dans les jurisprudences des pays européens
No full textThis work analyses the notion of defective product originally developed by US Courts, then ambiguously defined by the European directive n. 374 of 1985 and differently interpreted and applied by the respective domestic Courts. In particular, some European jurisdictions apply the risk / utility test introduced by the US Courts for design defects cases, although this test is not mentioned by the European Directive. The author, having highlighted the inconsistences of the risk / utility test, proposes an alternative model of classification of defective products according to the elements actually used by judges in order to allocate the liability, as emerging from the text of their decisions. This classification leads to held the manufacturer strictly liable not only for manufacturing defects, but also for those design defects which he was aware of (as in some cases of defective vaccine).Cette étude examine la notion de défectuosité du produit initialement élaborée par les Cours américaines, définie de manière ambigüe par le législateur européen avec la directive n° 374 de 1985, puis différemment interprétée et appliquée par les Cours respectives des pays membres. Notamment certains systèmes juridiques européens appliquent le risk/ utility test élaboré par les Cours américaines pour les cas de défaut de conception du produit, bien que ce test ne soit pas mentionné par la directive européenne. L’auteur, après avoir mis en évidence les incongruences du risk/ utility test, propose un modèle alternatif de classification des cas de produits défectueux sur la base des critères d’imputation de la responsabilité qui sont concrètement utilisés par les juges et tels qu’imagés dans les textes de leurs décisions. Cette reconstruction amène à imputer au fabricant une responsabilité objective non seulement pour les cas de défaut de production, mais aussi pour les cas de défaut de conception dont il était averti (tel que certain cas de vaccin défectueux).Rajneri Karageorgevitch Eleonora. La notion de défectuosité du produit dans les jurisprudences des pays européens. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 67 N°1,2015. pp. 185-205
TO THE JUBILEE OF PROFESSOR STEPANOVA ELEONORA FEDOROVNA
No full textThe article is devoted to the anniversary of Professor Eleonora Fedorovna Stepanova – a bright representative of the Russian intelligentsia: a talented lecturer, an inventor, an author of numerous books, an internationally recognized scholar
Molecular Evolution of Multivalent OncoFAP Derivatives with Enhanced Tumor Uptake and Prolonged Tumor Retention
No full textFibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a protein biomarker widely expressed in most solid human malignancies of epithelial origin. In recent years, a number of FAP-targeted small organic radioligands, including OncoFAP, have been utilized in the clinic for the detection and diagnosis of cancer. Despite their selective accumulation, conventional FAP ligands present a relatively short half-life in tumors, corresponding to a few hours after systemic administration. In order to maximize their efficacy, FAP-targeted radioligand therapeutics must possess prolonged tumor retention, thus irradiating tumor cells for days. In this work, we describe the development of compact OncoFAP multimers with improved FAP affinity (low picomolar IC50s), aimed at increasing tumor-residence time for therapeutic applications. An in silico analysis of the interaction of the multimers with FAP revealed a wide and deep pocket and six additional secondary binding sites. TriOncoFAP-DOTAGA emerged for its favorable in vitro profile and superior in vivo biodistribution performance in tumor-bearing mice
Draft genome sequence of the apple pathogen Colletotrichum chrysophilum strain M932
No full textColletotrichum chrysophilum (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Glomerellaceae) is a species belonging to the C. gloeosporioides complex. Described in 2017 as responsible for anthracnose on Musa acuminata (banana plants; Vieira et al. 2017), C. chrysophilum has been associated with Persea americana (avocado) and Prunus persica (peach) (Talhinhas and Baroncelli 2021). Moreover, together with Colletotrichum fructicola and C. noveboracense, it is considered one of the major causal agents of Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and Apple bitter rot (ABR) diseases on Malus domestica (apple) (Astolfi et al. 2022; Khodadadi et al. 2020). Originally, C. chrysophilum was presumed to be limited to the American and Asian continents (Astolfi et al. 2022; Talhinhas and Baroncelli 2021), however, reports of GLS and ABR caused by this pathogen in European apple orchards, such as in Italy and Spain, start emerging in 2022 (Cabrefiga et al. 2022; Deltedesco and Oettl 2022)
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No full textHebb's idea of a cell assembly as the fundamental unit of neural information processing has dominated neuroscience like no other theoretical concept within the past 60 years. A range of different physiological phenomena, from precisely synchronized spiking to broadly simultaneous rate increases, has been subsumed under this term. Yet progress in this area is hampered by the lack of statistical tools that would enable to extract assemblies with arbitrary constellations of time lags, and at multiple temporal scales, partly due to the severe computational burden. Here we present such a unifying methodological and conceptual framework which detects assembly structure at many different time scales, levels of precision, and with arbitrary internal organization. Applying this methodology to multiple single unit recordings from various cortical areas, we find that there is no universal cortical coding scheme, but that assembly structure and precision significantly depends on the brain area recorded and ongoing task demands
Molecular and Morphological Insights into Emerging Colletotrichum Species Causing Apple Bitter Rot and Glomerella Leaf Spot in Northern Italy
No full text: Colletotrichum species from the Acutatum complex are well-known pathogens responsible for Apple Bitter Rot in post-harvest apples across Europe, including Italy. In recent years, however, Apple Bitter Rot has become a significant pre-harvest issue, affecting both fruit and leaves. This is concerning, as Colletotrichum species also cause Glomerella Leaf Spot, a damaging foliar disease. The emergence of Colletotrichum species from the Gloeosporioides complex, previously rare in Europe, has further raised concerns about disease management. This study investigates the diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species in apple orchards across Northern Italy. From 2021 to 2023, isolates were collected from apple fruits and leaves in Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, and Trentino-Alto Adige. Multi-locus analyses revealed several species, with C. chrysophilum (22/45 colonies) being the most prevalent, followed by C. fioriniae (12/45 colonies) and C. siamense (6/45 colonies). C. grossum (2/45 colonies) and C. sojae (3/45 colonies) were less common. These species belong to different complexes: C. chrysophilum, C. siamense, and C. grossum in the Gloeosporioides complex, C. fioriniae in the Acutatum complex, and C. sojae in the Orchidearum complex. Pathogenicity assays on wounded and unwounded Gala apple fruits and leaves showed that C. siamense was the most aggressive, followed by C. grossum. C. sojae was non-pathogenic on fruits and caused lesions only on wounded leaves. This study provides an updated overview of Colletotrichum diversity in Italy and highlights the emergence of new species, including C. siamense and C. sojae, which are reported for the first time in the country. These findings may help explain recent changes in disease dynamics
First report of Colletotrichum grossum causing apple bitter rot worldwide (Italy)
No full textApple bitter rot is a globally widespread disease that is observed on bothpreharvest and postharvest fruits, contributing to considerable economiclosses. While the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex is predominantin Europe (Baroncelli et al. 2014; Amaral Carneiro and Baric 2021),in recent years, the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex isemerging, raising many concerns (Amaral Carneiro et al. 2023). Circular,slightly sunken, brown lesions with acervuli produced in concentric spotswere observed on the cultivar Story Inored harvested in September2022 from an organic orchard in Masi (Padova Province, Italy), with adisease incidence close to 30%. Tissue samples were excised under asepticconditions from 10 surface-cleaned diseased fruits at the margin betweenhealthy and diseased pulp tissues, transferred to potato dextrose agar me-dium, and incubated in the dark at 25°C for 7 days, whereafter five single-spore cultures were obtained. Pure colonies grown at 25°C for 7 daysappeared light gray-white on the upper side with floccose aerial mycelium,whereas the reverse side was dark gray with a distinct margin. Conidia werehyaline, cylindrical in shape with both ends rounded or one end acute, andmeasured 16.6 ± 1.4 × 6.1 ± 0.5 μm (mean ± SD) (n = 50) as described byDiao et al. (2017). To identify the species, genomic DNA of a represen-tative isolate (C38) was extracted, and beta-tubulin (TUB2), calmodulin(CAL), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glutaminesynthetase (GS), and Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer (ApnMat) genes andthe internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were amplified by PCR andSanger sequenced (Rojas et al. 2010; Weir et al. 2012). The obtainedDNA sequences of TUB2, CAL, GAPDH, GS, ApnMat, and ITS weresubmitted to GenBank under the accession numbers OR025589, OR025586,OR025587, OR025588, OR025585, and OR004800, respectively.A MegaBLAST analysis resulted in 100% identity to the epitype CAUG7 ofColletotrichum grossum (Diao et al. 2017) for GAPDH (KP890159) andTUB2 (KP890171), 99.85% for CAL (KP890147), and 99.5% for ITS(KP890165). The phylogenetic tree constructed by concatenation withthe obtained sequences, as well as references, revealed that the isolateC38 clustered within C. grossum, confirming the BLAST approach.Pathogenicity tests were performed on 40 ‘Story Inored’ apples. The appleswere cleaned, wounded with a sterilized needle, and exposed to two differentconditions: 20 apples (10 inoculated with 20 μl of a spore suspension [104spores/ml] and 10 inoculated with sterile water as controls) were incubated at20°C with a 12-h photoperiod for 14 days, whereas the remaining 20 apples,prepared with the same approach, were placed at 1°C for 3 months and thenat room temperature for 14 days. Symptoms appeared after 6 days on applesincubated at 20°C, whereas those stored at 1°C displayed symptoms at11 days after being placed at room temperature. In both conditions, lesionswere similar to those observed on the original fruits, whereas the controlsremained asymptomatic. Identity of reisolated fungal colonies was confirmed byCAL, GAPDH, and GS region sequence analysis. C. grossum has been reportedrarely: in 2017 on Capsicum annuum var. grossum in China, in 2018 onMangifera indica leaves in Cuba, and in 2021 on Rhyncospermum jasminoidesin Italy (Diao et al. 2017; Guarnaccia et al. 2021; Manzano Le ́on et al. 2018). Tothe best of our knowledge, this is the first report of apple bitter rot caused byC. grossum worldwide
Fusarium species associated with Cannabis sativa L. cultivated indoor and outdoor in Italy.
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