2,670 research outputs found
State and Law
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available in print format only from Bloombsbury
Optimal heat transfer design for district-heating and cooling pipelines in air-filled cavities
No full textDistrict-heating and/or cooling systems are gradually becoming
popular all over the world for heating and/or cooling of
large premises.
Current conventional practice for the DHC underground
distribution networks is to place the supply and the return pipelines
side-by-side in air-filled trencRe's. However, t present
investigation has shown that by optimising the location of the
pipelines, the thermal insulation provided by the air around the
pipes can be maximised. This is achieved by placing the hot pipeline
above the cold one, the exact position depending upon the
temperatures involved. For most purposes, it is recommended that
the displacement ratio for the hot pipe is to be at -0.7 or -0.08
and that of the cold pipe at 0.05 or 0.67 for district heating or
cooling respectively [i. e. the hot and cold pipes being placed in
the upper and lower halves of the trench respectively].
Each chapter is presented in such a way that it can be read
independently of the others as far as possible
R v Hall and the changing perceptions of the crime of bigamy
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this record.In 1845, the conviction of Thomas Hall for bigamy was reported as an example of the unequal way in which the law operated, with great play being made of the steps that Hall could have taken to free himself from his first wife by a divorce, were it not for the cost involved. Since then, virtually every account of nineteenth-century bigamy or divorce has included some version of the judge's apparently ‘brilliantly sarcastic’ speech. But what the judge was reported as saying at the time differs in a number of crucial particulars from what later commentators have reported him as saying. Later accounts have played up the misconduct of the first wife, inflated the cost of obtaining a divorce, and exaggerated the poverty and lowly status of Hall, while playing down the sentence he received and ignoring his deception of his second wife. This paper traces the evolution of the account over time, and identifies the timing of the various changes that were made. It illustrates how history is used – by politicians, reformers, and scholars – to support both a particular view of the past and to bolster claims as to how the law should change for the future
The presumptions in favour of marriage
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this record.Eighteenth-century courts needed to rely on presumptions in favour of marriage for a number of reasons, some practical and some legal, but the misleading reporting of one leading nineteenth-century case, followed by institutional changes and a stronger focus on precedent, led to the original evidential assumptions being obscured. A further blurring of the different strands of the presumption occurred in the twenty-first century, leading to confusion in recent cases. Understanding how the much-misunderstood presumptions have developed reveals why they were needed, when they became decoupled from their evidential underpinnings, and how, when and why they should operate today
A Uniform Marriage Law for England and Wales?
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Lexis Library and HeinOnline Law Journal Library.As the Law Commission pointed out in 2015, the current rules regulating marriage are outdated, unduly complex, often uncertain, and widely perceived as unfair. This article takes up the challenge it posed: that of providing greater choice while at the same time simplifying the existing rules. Rather than arguing for a wholesale change in the law, or the transplant of solutions adopted elsewhere, it instead shows how these aims could be achieved within the current framework. Analysing each element of the process of getting married in turn, it identifies where there is common ground between the existing routes into marriage and where relatively small changes could bring about consistency. Where there are differences that cannot be reconciled, it investigates whether there is a need for that particular requirement. Paring down the existing legal requirements to those common to all would make it easier to accommodate new types of marriage ceremony and religious diversity
Hayatleh v Modfy: presuming the validity of a known ceremony of marriage
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Lexis Library.The question to be determined in Hayatleh v Modfy was whether a marriage that had taken place in Syria was valid. Key to this was whether the marriage had been registered, and it was presumed that this had been done, resulting in the marriage being upheld. While none of the English cases on the presumption in favour of marriage involve registration – for the very simple reason that registration is not necessary to the validity of a marriage in this jurisdiction – their overall approach does support the application of the presumption to the registration of a marriage, as well as to its ceremonial aspects. However, while the decision was undoubtedly correct, some of the discussion surrounding the presumption in this and other recent cases raises concerns. Drawing on the case law involving the presumption in favour of marriage where the parties are known to have gone through a specific ceremony of marriage, it is shown that the point of the presumption is to assume the regularity of the ceremony that was known to have taken place, not to validate a doubtful ceremony. It is also demonstrated that where a couple have gone through a ceremony of marriage, there should be no logical necessity for them also to show that they thereafter cohabited for a substantial period of time. The suggestion in recent cases that a lengthy period of cohabitation is necessary can be traced back no further than Chief Adjudication Officer v Bath in 2000. Finally, there is nothing in the case law to support the idea that one might be 'married by estoppel'
Reformulating the rj-McMC Algorithm for 3D Inversion of Passive Seismic Data for Near-Surface Characterization
No full textGeophysical subsurface characterization techniques could, due to their non-invasive nature, play a crucial role in the design and subsequent construction of infrastructure in urban & industrial environ- ments. Geo-data specialist company Fugro sees potential in upgrading their current ambient-seismic- noise-tomography workflow, to make use of state-of-the-art inversion schemes with the main goal of increasing the quality and accuracy of the initial-site characterization delivered to clients. In this thesis I explore the feasibility of utilizing the reverse-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (rj-McMC) algorithm for the inversion of ambient seismic noise for characterization in urban & industrial environments. Specif- ically, testing the potential of scaling down this inversion algorithm to fit in a small scale, near-surface framework. To achieve this, I first carried out analyses to evaluate the appropriate Rayleigh wave frequency range, after which realistic noise hyperparameters, suited for this reduced scale problem, were obtained. Because of the potential exploitation of in-situ borehole measurements, I reformulated the Bayesian prior within the rj-McMC algorithm to implement these constraining shear wave velocity values appropriately. I conducted extensive synthetic experiments to gain insight into the behavior of this adapted algorithm, from which it was concluded that the inherent dynamic discretization partially prevents these constraints from being implemented to their full extent. Nevertheless, promising results lead me to conclude that the use of the rj-McMC algorithm for application in near-surface urban & industrial environments is feasible.Applied Geophysics | IDEA Leagu
The transportation of bigamists in early nineteenth-century England and Wales
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this recordBetween 1795 and 1853, over 250 men and women were sentenced to transportation for committing the crime of bigamy. This harsh treatment is at odds with the assumption that the sentences handed down to bigamists were generally light. This article provides the first in-depth study of the use of transportation in this context, drawing on the criminal registers, the Proceedings of the Old Bailey, and local and national newspaper reports in order to ascertain who was transported for bigamy, and why. Analysing a range of aggravating and mitigating factors, it shows why certain cases were deemed to merit the harshest form of punishment, while others, despite exhibiting some of the same factors, were treated more leniently. The sheer greed, deceit and nastiness demonstrated by many of these bigamists provides a significant counter-narrative to the depiction of bigamy as a substitute for divorce and raises broader questions about its incidence
Marriage, dispensation and divorce during the years of Henry VIII's "great matter": a local case study
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis (Routledge) via the DOI in this record.The legal changes which underpinned Henry VIII’s various marriages, and in particular the
dizzying speed with which certain types of marriage were prohibited, and others permitted, in
order to validate the union with the wife of the moment, have been the subject of extensive
discussion
as well as featuring in novels, plays and films.
What is less well known is whether
these changes had any impact on the general populace. Given the assumption that annulments
on the basis of the marriage being within the prohibited degrees were rare,
the topic has
attracted little consideration. In this article we will show, through a particularly rich case study,
just how profound the impact of these legal changes could be
Clowns, Fools, and Killers: An Exploration of Horror, Comedy, and Madness Through the Roles of Murderer 2 and Sir Richard Ratcliffe in William Shakespeare\u27s Richard III
No full textThis document is a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Master of Fine Arts degree in Theatre Arts with a Concentration in Musical Theatre. It is a detailed account of author RJ Magee’s artistic and scholarly process in creating the roles of Murderer 2 and Sir Richard Ratcliffe in William Shakespeare’s Richard III. The production was performed as part of Minnesota State University, Mankato’s mainstage season in October of 2022. In five chapters, this thesis chronicles the actor’s process: a preproduction analysis, a historical and critical perspective, a rehearsal and performance journal, a post-production analysis, and a process development analysis. Appendices and works cited are included
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