8,048 research outputs found
Towards a fuller understanding of selected molecular compounds
No full textThis work is separated into two distinct sections. The first section deals with the analysis by variable temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction of crystalline molecular materials with novel physical properties. The second section details the electron density analysis of selected crystalline compounds using high resolution, low temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction. Chapter 1 provides introduction to X-ray diffraction outlining the theory this work is based on. Chapter 2 introduces the molecular material studies based on materials containing the bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiaftilvalene molecule. The aim of these studies was to achieve a greater understanding of the materials and the changes they undergo when exposed to variations in temperature whilst in the crystalline state. These structural changes observed are very minor but have dramatic effects on the electrical properties of the materials studied. It became apparent that the only way to form a full understanding of these materials was to be able to 'see' the electronic configuration of the materials, not just their gross structure. The field of electron density analysis by X- ray diffraction is now a well documented area. Chapter 4 provides an introduction to the field of electron density analysis. Diffraction experiments were conducted on systems of different complexity to investigate this field and these results are reported in Chapter 5. No electron density analyses have been conducted on the molecular materials studied in Chapter 3 as yet, due to the lack of crystals of suitable quality. It was also noted that to fully categorise the nature of the physical changes occurring in these structures that a diffractometer capable of analysing these samples throughout the temperature range of their physical phenomena was needed. An outline for the development of such a diffractometer is detailed in Chapter 6, 'future works'
Michael Rodriguez interviews historian and author Keith Widder
No full textHistorian and author Keith Widder talks about his move to Michigan from Wisconsin, his career as Curator of History for the Mackinac Island State Park Commission, his research interests, his book "Michigan Agricultural College", and his current projects. Widder is interviewed by Michigan State University Librarian Michael Rodriguez for the MSU Libraries' Michigan Writers Series. Held in the MSU Main Library
The structure of a pentachromium(II) extended metal atom chain at 3 K: Cotton's conjecture proven
No full textWe provide definitive experimental proof that the archetypal string-like compound [Cr5(tpda)4(NCS)2] has alternating long and short Cr–Cr separations in the solid state, as conjectured by F. A. Cotton, rather than essentially equally spaced Cr atoms, as initially claimed (H2tpda = N2,N6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine). Single-crystal X-ray data collected from 292 to 3 K revealed that the misinterpretation is caused by pseudo-merohedral twinning and that bond length alternation is enhanced at low temperature
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Complete Data and Analysis for: Effects of seed traits and dormancy break treatments on germination of four aquatic plant species
No full textThere are two data files--one for germination and one for viability--each comprising a set of seeds (each row is a seed) with measured traits, the treatments to which they were subjected (germination only) and their germination date or viability assessment. Germination trial data from the chamber and seed photos referenced in the datasets are also included. The script included will read these files into R and conduct the analyses included in the companion manuscript.This repository contains the raw data and code necessary to conduct the analyses in the companion paper.This research was supported by: the Minnesota Environmental and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center and the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (M.V., D.L.); the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program at the University of Minnesota (J.B.); the National Science Foundation (M.V., Graduate Research Fellowship Program [Grant No. CON-75851, project 00074041]); and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture through the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (D.L.). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.Verhoeven, Michael R; Bacon, Jonah A; Larkin, Daniel J. (2023). Complete Data and Analysis for: Effects of seed traits and dormancy break treatments on germination of four aquatic plant species. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM), https://doi.org/10.13020/nv5v-6d63
Forecast of July 2015—New Jersey: prospects for the long term
No full textThe July 2015 R/ECON forecast shows more rapid growth for the state in 2015 than in 2014. Nonagricultural employment rose by 0.7 percent—or 27,700 jobs in 2014—after growth of 1.2 percent or 45,100 jobs in 2013. Growth will improve to 1.1 percent in 2015 and 2016 and then average 0.8 percent over the rest of the forecast period, which goes through 2045. At these rates the job base will return to the peak level reached in the first quarter of 2008 in mid-2017. By the end of the forecast period in 2045 the employment base will be nearly a million jobs, and 23 percent, greater than its level at the peak.1 These projections assume no specific recession/recovery cycle disrupts the state’s or nation’s growth. Although this seems rather far-fetched given that the average business cycle (peak to peak) in the U.S. since World War II has lasted about 24 quarters and the current cycle is now in its seventh year, a caveat to keep in mind is that this is a long term TREND forecast; it does not purport to indicate at what point(s) CYCLES may occur.Rutgers Economic Advisory Service (R/ECON) quarterly repor
Minimizing polymorphic risk through cooperative computational and experimental exploration
No full textWe combine state-of-the-art computational crystal structure prediction (CSP) techniques with a wide range of experimental crystallization methods to understand and explore crystal structure in pharmaceuticals and minimize the risk of unanticipated late-appearing polymorphs. Initially, we demonstrate the power of CSP to rationalize the difficulty in obtaining polymorphs of the well-known pharmaceutical isoniazid and show that CSP provides the structure of the recently obtained, but unsolved, Form III of this drug despite there being only a single resolved form for almost 70 years. More dramatically, our blind CSP study predicts a significant risk of polymorphism for the related iproniazid. Employing a wide variety of experimental techniques, including high-pressure experiments, we experimentally obtained the first three known non-solvated crystal forms of iproniazid, all of which were successfully predicted in the CSP procedure. We demonstrate the power of CSP methods and free energy calculations to rationalize the observed elusiveness of the third form of iproniazid, the success of high-pressure experiments in obtaining it, and the ability of our synergistic computational-experimental approach to “de-risk” solid form landscapes
The Potential Impacts on New Jersey of an Extension to Secaucus of MTA’s #7 Line
No full textRutgers University’s Economic Advisory Service (R/ECON™) examined the potential impacts on the New Jersey’s economy of the extension of the #7 Line. A main objective of the study is t identify both the total economic impacts on New Jersey of the construction activity during the physical extension of the #7 line to Secaucus Junction. The second main objective is to estimate the effect of the extension on the land prices due to the intensified use of and facilitated access to Secaucus Junction and related NJ Transit service."July 2015
Engelgemeinschaft im irdischen Gottesdienst : Studien zu Texten aus Qumran und dem Neuen Testament
No full textThe motif of liturgical communion with angels appears in early Jewish and New Testament texts. Michael R. Jost offers the first exegetical analysis of all relevant passages from the Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament and places them within traditio-historical developments from the Hebrew Bible to rabbinical and patristic texts. By giving special consideration to the respective performances of liturgical texts, the author reconstructs each groups' experience of angelic communion. In his analysis of the liturgical communion of the yaḥad, Jost presents new insights not only for Qumran researchbut also for New Testament scholarship and the understanding of the early Christian communities and communal liturgies
Dynamic dimer copper coordination redox shuttles
No full textA new generation of hybrid solar cells using low-cost, Earth-abundant materials can transform the energy sector. The majority of progress toward this goal has come from improving light-absorbing materials. Charge transfer issues remain a barrier to widespread adoption of this solar technology, and this is the challenge that this article addresses. We developed copper complexes using tetradentate ligands, which form tetrahedral dimeric structures with Cu(I) and planar monomeric structures with Cu(II). Despite the fact that their structures are significantly diverse, their reorganization energy is remarkably low. The Cu(I) dimer’s 2-electron oxidation process yields two Cu(II) monomers, thus stabilizing both oxidation states. Because Cu(I) monomers are highly energetically unfavored, recombination processes in dye-sensitized solar cells become largely inhibited. The dynamic dimer system represents a new generation of efficient redox mediators for molecular devices
- …
