174 research outputs found
The zirconocene-mediated synthesis of amines
No full textThe recent appearance of zirconium in organic synthesis is discussed. The formation and elaboration of Group (IV) metallacycles is reviewed, with emphasis on the formation of zirconocene η2-imine complexes. An introduction to the use of silicon as a removable molecular tether, and its oxidative removal to give a hydroxy group is given.The zirconocene(1-butene) cyclisation of 1, n-dienes and enynes is used to prepare a number of different zirconacycles which react with trimethylsilylcyanide to afford zirconocene iminoacyl complexes. A rearrangement to zirconocene η2-imine complexes occurs, and trapping with a range of unsaturated species gives functionalised cyclic amines on work up. The highly functionalised amines are produced in good overall yield from the starting materials in a one-pot transformation. Zirconaindanes were prepared from aryl zirconocenes via formation of zirconocene benzyne complexes through a C-H activation process and trapping with alkenes, and used in the trimethylsilylcyanide insertion reactions. Substituted alkynes insert regiospecifically into the zirconocene η2-imine complexes, giving allylic amines. Alkenes also insert, but show a lower reactivity. Isocyanates insert readily into zirconocene η2-imine complexes to give α-aminoamides on work up, and ketones insert to give 1,2-aminoalcohols.The insertions of isocyanates into zirconocene η2-imine complexes formed using a C-H activation route give a range of α-aminoamides.A range of 1, n-dienes and -enynes containing a silicon in the linking chain were prepared and successfully cyclised using zirconocene(1-butene). Intramolecular trapping os a zirconocene benzyne complex (generated by a C-H activation route) with a silicon tethered alkene was also achieved. Protic work up followed by oxidative cleavage of the silyl group using the Tamao oxidation gives hydroxyl containing products. Further elaboration of the intermediate zirconacycles before protonation/oxidation gave a range of highly functionalised cyclic and acyclic products in good overall yield. This is the first example of the use of a cleavable silicon tether in early transition metal-mediated cyclisations.</p
"Thank me therefore": Social Prestige, Probity and Self-determination of Nymue's character in Malory's "Le Morte Darthur"
No full textConductors of the Cape Town Municipal Orchestra, 1914-1965 a historical perspective
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references and index.This thesis profiles the conductors of the Cape Municipal Orchestra since its inception in 1914 until the resignation of David Tidboald in 1965. After the introductory Chapter 1, Chapter 2 includes a historic review of the period before 1914. It also highlights the influences leading towards the inauguration of the Cape Municipal Orchestra. Chapters 3-7 discuss the permanent conductors who conducted between 1914 and 1954. The following list extends from the dates of their first concerts up to their resignations, or up to the date of their final concerts: Theo Wendt (from 28 February 1914 to 30 September 1924: a period of about 10 years). Leslie Heward (from 17 July 1924 to 31 May 1926: a period of about 2 years). William Pickerill (from 5 May 1927 to 12 October 1946: a period of about 19 years). Geoffrey Miller as Associate Conductor (from 31 October 1946 to 19 February1948: a period of nearly two years). Enrique Jordá (from 19 February 1948 to 31 December 1953: a period of nearly five years). Assistant and guest conductors are discussed within these chapters. Chapter 8 discusses guest conductors from January 1954 until June 1960. Here they are organised chronologically accordingto their first appearances. Chapter 9 deals with the period of David Tidboald's conductorship (from 20 August 1960 to1 July 1965). The concluding remarks of Chapter 10 briefly touch on such aspects as the number of premieres, recurrence of works mentioned in this thesis, and the guest conducting system
More greatness than illusion: Stedman Jones on Marx
No full textGareth Stedman Jones has written a scholarly and interesting biography of Karl Marx, framed by the plausible idea that the ‘authentic’ Marx needs to be recovered from layers of 20th-century misinterpretation. The book focuses more on the political context than the intellectual content of Marx's ideas, and its treatment of the latter has some limitations. Not least, the author underestimates the complexity, interest, and relevance, of certain elements of Marx's thought
Implementing Associations: UML 2.0 to Java 5
No full textA significant current software engineering problem is the conceptual mismatch between the abstract concept of an association as found in modelling languages such as UML and the lower level expressive facilities available in object-oriented languages such as Java. This paper introduces some code generation patterns that aid the production of Java based implementations from UML models. The work is motivated by a project to construct model driven development tools in support of the construction of embedded systems. This involves the specification and implementation of a number of meta-models (or models of languages). Many current UML oriented tools provide code generation facilities, in particular the generation of object-oriented code from class diagrams. However, many of the more complex aspects of class diagrams, such as qualified associations are not supported. In addition, several concepts introduced in UML version 2.0 are also not supported. The aim of the work presented in this paper is to develop a number of code generation patterns that allow us to support the automatic generation of Java code from UML class diagrams that support these new and complex association concepts. These patterns significantly improve the code generation abilities of UML tools, providing a useful automation facility that bridges the gap between the concept of an association and lower level object-oriented programming languages
Association of the Presence and Pattern of MRI Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease With Recurrent Intracerebral Hemorrhage
No full textBACKGROUND
Assessing the risk of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is of high clinical importance. MRI-based cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) markers may help establish ICH etiological subtypes (including cryptogenic ICH) relevant for recurrence risk.
METHODS
We investigated the risk of recurrent ICH in a large cohort of consecutive ICH survivors with available MRI at baseline. Patients with macrovascular, structural or other identified secondary causes (other than SVD) were excluded. Based on MRI findings, ICH etiology was defined as probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) according to the Boston 2.0 criteria, arteriolosclerosis (non-lobar ICH and additional markers of arteriolosclerosis, absent lobar hemorrhagic lesions), mixed SVD (mixed deep and lobar hemorrhagic changes) or cryptogenic (no MRI markers of SVD). Recurrent ICH was determined using electronic health records and confirmed by neuroimaging. Data from an independent multi-center cohort (CROMIS-2 ICH) was used to confirm core findings.
RESULTS
Of 443 patients with ICH (mean age 67±13 years, 41% female), ICH etiology was mixed SVD in 36.7%, arteriolosclerosis in 23.6%, CAA in 23.0%, and cryptogenic in 16.7%. During a median follow-up period of 5.7 years (IQR 2.9-10.0, 2682 patient-years), recurrent ICH were found in 59 individual patients (13.3%). The highest recurrence rate per 100 person-years was detected in patients with CAA (8.5, 95% CI 6.1-11.7), followed by mixed SVD (1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9) and arteriolosclerosis (0.6, 95% CI 0.3-1.5). No recurrent ICH occurred in patients with cryptogenic ICH during 510 person-years follow-up (97.5% CI, 0-0.7); this finding was confirmed in an independent cohort (CROMIS-2 ICH, n=216), in which there was also no recurrence in patients with cryptogenic ICH. In patients with CAA, cortical superficial siderosis was the imaging feature strongest related with ICH recurrence (hazard ratio 5.7, 95% CI 2.4-13.6).
CONCLUSIONS
MRI-based etiological subtypes are helpful in determining the recurrence risk of ICH; while the highest recurrence risk was found in CAA, recurrence risk was low for arteriolosclerosis, and negligible for cryptogenic ICH
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as "crystemas gomen"
No full textThe thesis attempts an elucidation of the meaning of the poem when considered as a Christmas piece - that is, an element in the festivities of this season. It tries to show that the author is endulging in a game with his audience, and that this game is of a multi-faceted and ultimately serious nature.Master of Arts (MA
Running Head: Cyclic Coverings Send Proofs To:
No full textThe regular coverings of regular affine algebraic maps are considered, and a large family of totally ramified coverings—the so-called Steinberg and Accola coverings—are fully classified. 1 Introduction. The present paper builds on the preparatory results of [5] which in turn lead to the classification of two important families of totally ramified regular coverings of regular affine maps (regular maps of genus 1). This investigation can be also thought of as having been born out of the work of the second author with Gareth Jones in [3 and 4
A Future Vision For The Engineering Design Environment: A Future Sociotechnical Scenario
No full textThis paper presents a future vision for the working practices of designers within a manufacturing organisation. By its very nature the engineering design environment is highly distributed in nature and is characterised by a large number of information sources, which together with the designers forms a complex sociotechnical system. In discussions with designers it is apparent that changes are required to this environment to reflect the changes in the design process and organisations. We have developed a scenario that incorporates many of the features requested by designers and managers to improve the design environment. The scenario sets out a route map for the development of technical and social tools that aid the designer
Sport and British Jewry: integration, ethnicity and anti-semitism, 1890-1970 (Paperback version)
No full textPaperback version, Hardback version published in 2013Sport and British Jewry, available at last in paperback, provides the first wide-ranging examination of the importance of sport in the history of the British-Jewish community. Covering the period from 1890 through to 1970, it examines the peak era of Jewish involvement and interest in sport and physical recreation in Britain in recent times.
The book tackles three main themes. First, the author examines the relationship between sport and the integration of the Jewish migrant community of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Secondly, the study looks at how sport impacted on Jewish ethnicity. Thirdly, it addresses how sport became linked to expressions of anti-Semitism and Jewish responses to racial discrimination.
Sport and British Jewry not only demonstrates the significant impact that Jews had on British sport during this time frame, but also shows the considerable effect that sport had on the lives, experiences and identities of Jews within British society
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