57 research outputs found
Changing the narrative: The British Psychological Society report ‘Understanding Psychosis and Schizophrenia’
No full textConversation with Anne Cooke and Peter Kinderman
Anne Cooke is the editor and Peter is a co-author of the British Psychological Society’s recent ground-breaking report ‘Understanding Psychosis and Schizophrenia: why people sometimes hear voices, believe things that others find strange, or appear out of touch with reality, and what can help’, which has attracted widespread media coverage and debate. It was written by a group of 25 clinical psychologists drawn from eight UK universities and the UK National Health Service, together with people who have themselves experienced psychosis.
It provides an accessible overview of the current state of knowledge, and its conclusions have profound implications both for the way we understand ‘mental illness’ and for the future of mental health services. In this talk Anne and described the motivation behind it, the reactions it has received, and outlined its main messages
The impact of vertical wing placement on the wave drag and sonic-boom performance at supersonic speeds
No full textThis research project aims at obtaining a better understanding of vertically translating the wing and the related wing-body interference effects on the drag and sonic boom. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis using the Euler equations has been used to evaluate an airplane with different vertical wing placements at a lift coefficient of 0.15 at a Mach-number of 1.6 and also in zero-lift conditions. Pressure distributions, drag forces and pressure signatures have been calculated in order to assess the performance in terms of wave drag and sonic booms. These results have been analysed to find out why certain effects are happening for these configurations. The low wing configuration has the highest lift-to-drag ratio due to interference on the upper wing surface close to the fuselage. The lift-to-drag ratio for CL = 0.15 is found to be 4.79% higher compared to the worst performing configuration, the high wing configuration. Due to the local geometry of the low wing configuration it is possible to cre- ate additional suction on the upper wing surface, which positively affects the performance. Pressure signatures are extracted at 1 body-length distance (70푚) from the aircraft for several azimuth angles. These distributions show that the low wing configuration also has the lowest impulse and maximum overpressure. The higher wing configurations show an extra peak in overpressure emanating from the trailing end of the wing, which is created due to interference effects. Below the wing surface there is a large volume of the fuselage, while it is absent for the low wing configuration. Therefore the higher wing configurations show an extra peak in the pressure signature.Next to this discovery, an analysis is presented to relate the geometry of the configurations to the wave drag by assessing the cross-sectional area distribution using different intersection methods. These methods are compared with other methods found in the literature. Two methods which use a single Mach-cone have been analysed, as well as a method incorporating a forward and a backward pointed Mach-cone. One method translates a Mach-cone vertically to align the vertex of the Mach-cone with the centroid of the intersection with the aircraft. This gives an x,z-position which can be used to adjust the area distribution. The drag for the methods using a single Mach-cone was overestimated by a factor of 2, but after multiplying these results by a factor of / the results for the heigh-weighted Mach-cone method approached the wave drag results from CFD within 5%. The double Mach-cone method showed an even better agreement with less variation, while no multiplication factor was applied.A further analysis has taken place to find out why some methods that incorporate a single Mach- cone to evaluate the cross-sectional area to calculate the wave drag, overestimate the drag by a factor of 2. It is found that these methods do not overestimate the drag for a simple shape, such as a Sears- Haack body. The methods simply overestimate the cross-sectional area, which needs smoothing to obtain an area distribution that is suitable for drag calculation. The double Mach-cone method is a method that smoothens the area distribution, since the forward cone lowers the cross-sectional area in the front of an aircraft and adds cross-sectional area in the tail part of the aircraft.Further research is required to find out if these methods using a single Mach-cone can be applied to any geometry or not. Next to that it is recommended to research the sonic boom of other aircraft configurations with wings shifted further back to see if the sonic-boom from the tail can be reduced. Further research is necessary to see if the interference effects on the upper side of the wing of the low wing configuration are present in viscous flows. If the positive interference effects from this thesis are present in a viscous flow, this might see a reduction in fuel burn and maybe contribute to commercial supersonic flight becoming a reality again.Aerospace Engineerin
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN FEDERAL AGENCIES: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONING OF BOUNDARY-SPANNING PERSONNEL
No full textThe need for effective boundary agents in organizations increases as environmental turbulence increases. Traditionally, management and organization (M&O) units have served as boundary agents and efficiency experts in Federal organizations. Today the M&O role requires a high level of boundary-spanning activity (BSA), which has not been formally acknowledged, or rewarded.A multi-level data gathering was used to ascertain the current status of M&O units, including both archival information and a mailed-out questionnaire to heads of M&O units throughout the government. The findings indicate that the work programs of M&O units have shifted toward increasing their administrative management activities--an increase of 225 percent over the 1959 figure. In addition, very little time is being committed to conducting long-term studies to improve operations; most studies are short-turnaround, problem-solving exercises.A major problem for management analysts is the continuing conflict and ambiguity they experience as a consequence of their staff positions among less than totally supportive line managers. Evidence of chronic organizational stress was expected, but little was found, as both high levels of job satisfaction and low tension levels were reported. Four causal models based on previous research linking the study variables were evaluated, resulting in discarding two of the four models. The model containing a direct link between BSA and job satisfaction in addition to a link to tension explained the observed data better than the other models. This implies that increasing boundary-spanning activity not only increases satisfaction by reducing tension, but also increases job satisfaction directly.At the organizational level the findings indicate that the M&O function is not being used as it was intended. Analytical work has been displaced by increased administrative management responsibilities, and staffing levels within the units are dropping, compounding the erosion of the resources available for analytical work. Because reducing the analytical capabilities of an organization impairs its ability to adapt to environmental changes, we can expect the changes within M&O units to affect our Federal agencies' long-term health and viability negatively.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, Section: A, page: 5450.Ph.D. American University 1982.Englis
The role of the psychologist in social change
No full textOn 1 September 1967, the Nobel Prize-winning civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. delivered a speech entitled 'The role of the behavioral scientist in the civil rights movement' to the American Psychological Association (APA, 1999; King, 1968). With eloquence and passion, Martin Luther King championed the civil rights struggle and spoke to the interests of his audience. He stressed how behavioural scientists could and should support the civil rights movement. King's eloquent and passionate speech is still relevant today - explaining how psychologists and other mental health professionals could help address today's pressing social issues. © The Author(s) 2013
The US chamber and chambers of commerce respond to Black Lives Matter: Cheap talk, progressive neoliberalism, or transformative change?
No full textThis article was originally published in Business and Politics. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2022.17. Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of V.K. AggarwalThis article examines the responses of the US Chamber of Commerce and state- and local-level chambers of commerce to Black Lives Matter (BLM). The US Chamber of Commerce's Equality of Opportunity Initiative stresses the business case for racial equity and the economic benefits that can be attained by overcoming race-related inequalities. Many chambers are adopting racially progressive positions, often at some cost to themselves. This article contributes a typology of stances and actions and draws on interviews with American business leaders to characterize American business organization responses to BLM. There is some movement beyond a progressive neoliberal vision of nondiscrimination to acknowledge that it is necessary to “level the playing field.” And the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives of state- and regional-level chambers suggest that they are making genuine and, in some cases, bold and meaningful attempts to advance the cause of racial equity. The evidence suggests that popular mobilization and social pressure following George Floyd's brutal murder played a critical role in enabling this progress. However, the parallels and similarities between current chamber and business DEI efforts and business stances in the tumultuous 1960s and 1970s raise the question: Can current efforts succeed where previous efforts have failed
The theatrical collaborators of Richard Strauss: Networks, materials, and cultural politics
No full textRichard Strauss remains one of the most recognized and performed opera composers of the twentieth century. Considerations of staging practices have been part of Strauss historiography since the early twentieth century, yet explorations of the composer as a theatrical practitioner and collaborator have been marginalized endeavors. A more in-depth investigation beckons since the varied and challenging demands of Strauss’s stage works meant that a range of expert and trustworthy collaborators were essential for their performance. Using fresh documentary sources, this dissertation problematizes the often-monolithic figure of “the composer” as the principal creative index for musical stage work. The history of Strauss’s theatrical collaborations points instead towards an evolving and increasingly pluralistic approach to music theater as generated by multiple creative actors. Chapter one explores the earliest phase of Strauss’s career, when he gained his first experience as a theatrical practitioner in Meiningen, Munich, Bayreuth, and Weimar. The case studies following focus on three categories of theatrical collaborators: intendants, stage directors, and stage designers. Chapter two examines Strauss’s turbulent relationship with Count Nicolaus von Seebach, the leader of the Court Theater in Dresden, where the composer’s early operatic successes premiered. Chapter three considers stage director Lothar Wallerstein, a strong but overlooked advocate for Strauss’s stage works in Austria. For chapter four, the influence of model productions serves as a springboard to examine two consequential Strauss stage designers: Alfred Roller and Ludwig Sievert. The legacy of these collaborations still resonates today, as interpreters and audiences alike continue to find new riches in the stage works of Richard Strauss.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2023-05-01The student, Ryan Prendergast, accepted the attached license on 2021-04-10 at 20:00.The student, Ryan Prendergast, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-04-10 at 20:19.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-04-15 at 16:06.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16276 on 2021-09-16 at 20:08:24Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T04:04:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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How perpetrator relationships and sexual assault characteristics affect survivor wellness outcomes
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-12-01The student, Kathryn Rhoades, accepted the attached license on 2021-12-01 at 12:14.The student, Kathryn Rhoades, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-12-01 at 12:29.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-12-10 at 08:18.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17264 on 2022-04-06 at 17:16:59Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T21:45:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I OnlyPrevious research indicates that adverse wellness outcomes among sexual assault (SA) survivors may be linked SA context (e.g., relationship to perpetrator and sexual assault characteristics). However, previous studies examining SA context have produced mixed results regarding its impact on wellness, particularly when examining the effect of survivor-perpetrator relationships and perpetrator sex. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), this study examined the effect of perpetrator relationships (former partner, current partner, stranger, relative, friend) and SA characteristics (SA type, survivor sex, perpetrator sex) on general health (GH), mental health (MH), physical health (PH), health-related quality of life (HRQL), and missed days of work (MDW) among sexual assault survivors (N =1,477). A path analysis revealed several direct and indirect pathways. More severe SA was directly and indirectly associated with worse GH, MH, PH, and MDW. Male perpetrator sex resulted in worse MH and PH (direct effect) and worse HRQL (indirect effect) while female perpetrator sex was directly associated with worse HRQL. Being a male survivor was indirectly associated with worse HRQL and MDW. Results of this study suggest that survivor-perpetrator relationships and SA characteristics matter for understanding survivor’s wellness. Future studies and interventions that acknowledge SA context may be useful for bolstering survivor recovery and effective treatment planning
How to Harpo: A performer's guide and analysis of compositional and theatrical techniques in the cinematic, televised, and recorded pedal harp performances of Harpo Marx
No full textHarpo Marx, née Arthur Marx, was one of the most important harpists in the
twentieth
century. Although he began as a self-taught musician and never learned to read music, he
introduced the harp to millions of people all over the United States and abroad through the
Marx
Brothers films. Harpo played
the harp in eleven out of the thirteen films displaying his unique
swing-harp arranging techniques.
The purpose of this project is to preserve this great artist’s legacy as it relates to harpists
and to create a guide to arrange
and
to
create works in the style of Harpo Marx. This thesis tracks
Harpo’s stylistic evolution over his long career in entertainment. It explores
the compositional,
technical, and performance style of Harpo Marx from his first film to his final commercial
recording made just a few months before he died. The
pieces that Harpo arranged
demonstrate
significant and
innovative techniques that have been transcribed by the author and compiled in a
compendium titled “How to Harpo.” This performer’s guide will enable
modern harpists to apply
Harpo’s techniques in order to make new
arrangements in a Harpo-style.U of I Only Restriction set for Item 110689 on 2019-04-30T00:06:04Z with date by [email protected] by David Butler ([email protected]) on 2019-04-30T00:17:02Z
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The recorded heritage of Willem Mengelberg and its aesthetic relevance
No full textThis dissertation explores the art and interpretative aesthetics of the Dutch conductor Willem Mengelberg (1871-1951), as preserved in his sound recordings and, subsidiarily, in his writings. Emphasis is given to issues pertaining to 19th century performance practice, as well as to historical connections between Mengelberg and compositional/interpretative trends in Europe at the time. Mengelberg’s impact on musical life in Amsterdam, New York, and beyond will be considered. The relevance of Mengelberg’s recordings is assessed from both a documentary and aesthetic point of view. The quasi-entirety of Mengelberg’s rich body of recordings has been consulted, yet a few dozens of them have been chosen for an in-depth study meant to illuminate both their historical context and their contemporary relevance.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2014-04-23T13:17:31Z
Item was in collections:
University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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Original Data
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Aaron Copland's In the Beginning: context and creative process
No full textSketches and drafts for In the Beginning (1947), Aaron Copland’s only extended choral work, illuminate relationships between the composer’s creative process and his Jewish heritage and humanist philosophy. Commissioned for Harvard University’s Symposium on Music Criticism, this setting of Genesis 1–2:7 was Copland’s reluctant response to Harvard’s request for an a cappella choral work on a text drawn from Hebrew literature.
Although Copland’s upbringing was steeped in Jewish traditions and synagogue life, scholars have minimized the impact of his Judaism on his compositions, which avoided overt references to Jewish themes after the 1930s. This study offers a more nuanced appraisal, showing that In the Beginning encapsulates Copland’s expression of both Jewish and humanist ideals. Comparing Copland’s initial inspirations with his later revisions reveals his close reading and exegesis of the biblical text. This comparison also clarifies how Copland's free-flowing narrative style, melodic figuration, harmonic juxtapositions, and textural crescendo bring the work to a climax elevating the human soul.
My genetic criticism draws on close examination of holographs in the Library of Congress’s Aaron Copland Collection, including sketches and drafts, marked conducting scores, lecture notes, and correspondence. An understanding of In the Beginning’s historical context is enriched by archival discoveries at Harvard and Yale Universities, Jewish Theological Seminary, and Kane Street Synagogue; and by interviews with individuals close to Copland in 1947 and in his later decades, including Lorna Cooke deVaron, Alice Parker, Marilyn Jaye, and Vivian Perlis. The intent of this dissertation is to shed light on Copland’s compositional techniques and philosophical perspectives, and to facilitate more compelling performances of In the Beginning.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2017-12-01The student, Allison Fromm, accepted the attached license on 2015-11-25 at 06:46.The student, Allison Fromm, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-11-25 at 06:48.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-12-04 at 15:57.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8829 on 2016-03-02 at 14:06:05Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T20:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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