21 research outputs found
Authoring Culture Video, Chapter 08: Genre
No full textA student video offering insight and explanation of the material in Authoring Culture, Chapter 8, Genre. The author is Sofia Duron with collaborators Tyler Cruse and Rejon Strong. The piece was produced in the Foundation of Twenty-First Century Writing class during the Spring semester, 2025, taught by Dr. Brendan Riley. Length: 05:39.https://digitalcommons.colum.edu/authoring_culture/1022/thumbnail.jp
A systematic review of the quality and fit of local spirometry studies to the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) and global chronic respiratory disease burden
No full textEarly diagnosis and treatment are vital to combatting the global rise in chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). Spirometry can reliably support a CRD diagnosis when reference equations (RE) represent the target population. Multi-ethnic representation in Global Lung Initiative (GLI) RE has been a significant advance. However, the GLI lacks data from many global population groups, thus its diagnostic sensitivity may be reduced in local or ethnically diverse populations. We aimed to analyse global trends in PFT studies comparing the applicability (fit) of GLI RE to local populations and their geospatial relationships with CRD burden.
A systematic search was conducted using PubMed® and Medline. In the resulting 46 studies, the fit of each local population’s normative PFT data (relative to GLI) was determined using standardized criterion (mean Z-score=0 & -1.64 & <+1.64) and article quality was evaluated using a modified GRADE criterion. Geospatial relationships were modelled in R statistics.
Only 56% of reviewed studies met the applicability criterion and 60% rated low or very low in quality. Evidence of acculturation (post migration) was found in 18% and evidence of longitudinal changes in 31% of studies. A geospatial mismatch was found between CRD burden and the normative data used to construct the GLI RE.
We demonstrate a compelling need for normative spirometry data targeted to populations which are both underrepresented in the GLI and have the highest CRD burden. Improved quality in future studies could be facilitated with the adoption of a standardised protocol for normative PFT data collection and analysis
Authoring Culture Video, Chapter 01: Affordances
No full textA student video offering insight and explanation of the material in Authoring Culture, Chapter 1, Affordances. The author is Rejon Strong with collaborators Tyler Cruse and Sophia Duron. The piece was produced in the Foundation of Twenty-First Century Writing, Spring semester, 2025 taught by Dr. Brendan Riley. Length: 04:07.https://digitalcommons.colum.edu/authoring_culture/1015/thumbnail.jp
Authoring Culture Video, Chapter 09: Image
No full textA student video offering insight and explanation of the material in Authoring Culture, Chapter 9, Image. The author is Tyler Cruse with collaborators Rejon Strong and Sofia Duron. The piece was produced in the Foundation of Twenty-First Century Writing class during the Spring semester, 2025, taught by Dr. Brendan Riley. Length: 07:52.https://digitalcommons.colum.edu/authoring_culture/1023/thumbnail.jp
Authoring Culture Video, Chapter 11: Logos
No full textA student video offering insight and explanation of the material in Authoring Culture, Chapter 11, Logos. The author is Sean Munoz with collaborators Alina Yastrebova and Sofia Duron. The piece was produced in the Foundation of Twenty-First Century Writing class during the Spring semester, 2025, taught by Dr. Brendan Riley. Length: 03:48.https://digitalcommons.colum.edu/authoring_culture/1024/thumbnail.jp
The cultural salience of belongingness: how placement neighborhoods and ecological factors shape adolescent experiences of fitting in during out-of-home care
No full textThis mixed method, sequential explanatory study explored the relationship between community-level ethnic and racial composition and belongingness outcomes among young adults with lived adolescent experience in foster care. Little is known about how conditions of foster placement neighborhoods might facilitate a sense of belonging, potentially moderating detrimental effects on youths’ social support networks common to out-of-home (OOH) placement. This research aimed to examine whether, and how, community-level and ecological factors contribute to two constructions of belongingness: neighborhood belongingness and cultural community belongingness. Neighborhood belongingness indicates how strong a connection young people felt to their placement neighborhoods, while cultural community belongingness describes how positively young people felt about their ethnic/racial/cultural heritage group and how included they felt in it. To explicate how experiences in OOH placement ecologies (e.g., within neighborhoods, with caregivers, etc.) related to individuals’ perspectives on connection, a cultural ecological framework, PVEST (Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory) was used.This project consisted of a three-phased research design utilizing quantitative (Phase 1), qualitative (Phase 2), and integrative (Phase 3) methods. Phase 1 used a national, retrospective survey administered to 118 young adults who had been in OOH care as adolescents. Results from logistic and OLS regression analyses indicated that the concentration of white residents within placement neighborhoods increased the odds of a moderate/strong sense of inclusion in one’s placement neighborhood as did pertinent ecological factors (i.e., how connected young people felt to caregivers, the meaningfulness of their engagement in age-appropriate activities, and the racial and ethnic match between them and caregivers). The degree to which young people felt more positively connected to their racial and ethnic heritage group was not affected by the racial and ethnic composition of their placement neighborhoods but was positively predicted by community-level social cohesion.
In Phase 2, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a nested sample of survey participants. To explain variation in belongingness processes, interviews were held with 22 individuals who endorsed high and low belongingness ratings. Findings identified how cultural sharedness, or felt commonalities predicated on broadly defined social characteristics (e.g., race, ethnicity, politics, religiosity, socioeconomic status, similar experiences in OOH care, etc.), facilitated fitting in but did not guarantee a sense of belonging. The values and beliefs of sociodemographic groups associated with neighborhoods could normalize or alienate youth, frequently depending on their own complex, multiple and overlapping social identities. Themes also indicate that neighborhood meaningfulness is often idiosyncratic, reflecting the unique attributions that young people placed on where they lived during OOH care. Further, this study showed that neighborhoods are not significant to all youth. Themes also underscore how foster care’s systematized structure affects how young people might search for normalcy and validation during adolescence.
In Phase 3, salient outcomes from Phase 1 and Phase 2 were integrated using joint displays to produce overarching conclusions about belongingness processes. These conclusions, or meta-inferences, were based on a sample of 20 respondents who endorsed high and low neighborhood and cultural community belongingness ratings. They suggest that adolescents’ sense of neighborhood belongingness may be influenced by the social norms and ideologies that youth attribute to geographies. For instance, those who held marginalized or minoritized identities residing in areas where members of social and geographic communities espouse stigmatizing beliefs including racism, homophobia, transphobia, and prejudice rated neighborhood belongingness low. Community-level acceptance and engagement were more common among those who were comfortable in communities, spent more time in them, and less often identified as having a marginalized identity and rated neighborhood belongingness high. Ambiguous differentiation between high and low cultural community belongingness raters suggests that a sense of inclusion in one’s racial/ethnic/cultural group was intrinsic and individuated, underscoring the complexity of ethnic and racial identity development processes. In OOH care, cultural pride may be protective, yet it can also be compromised by prejudice experienced in community settings and with caregivers.
Overall, the study finds that, among this sample, placement conditions and geographic community features that promote belongingness for some, can hamper it for others. Study results also suggest that adolescents in OOH care may be most able to find belongingness in settings where they can be assured of emotional support, physical safety, and unconditional acceptance. To better support youth in OOH care as they navigate normative tasks of adolescent development, policy makers and program officials need to evaluate how caregiving contexts and community settings can facilitate, rather than suppress, youths’ need for autonomous self-expression to promote connection and well-being.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
Author Correction: Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (3417), 10.1038/s41467-021-22491-8)
No full textThe original version of this Article omitted from the author list the 212th author Patrizia Mecocci, who is from the Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Consequently, the “Sample Contribution” section of Author Contributions was updated to add “P.M” between “P.D.” and “R.C.”. Additionally, the original version of this Article contained the incorrect affiliation for author Patrick Gavin Kehoe, which incorrectly read “German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany”. The correct version replaces this affiliation with “Bristol Medical School (THS), University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK”. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. © The Author(s) 2023
Prosocial attributes relate to lower recidivism in justice-involved youth: preliminary evidence using a novel measure of prosocial functioning
No full textUnder embargo until 04 December 2023. This author accepted manuscript is deposited under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). This means that anyone may distribute, adapt, and build upon the work for non-commercial purposes, subject to full attribution. If you wish to use this manuscript for commercial purposes, please visit Marketplace (https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp).Purpose:
Though prosocial attributes are linked to positive outcomes among justice-involved adolescents and are a mainstay of numerous interventions, few measures have been specifically designed to evaluate prosocial functioning within this population. Although multiple instruments measuring aspects of prosocial behavior exist, these instruments were not designed to measure prosocial behaviors among youth in juvenile justice settings. This study aims to provide a preliminary validation of a new measure of prosocial attributes (the Prosocial Status Inventory – PSI), which was designed to comprehensively evaluate in greater depth the prosocial functioning of urban, justice-involved youth.
Design/methodology/approach:
Youth (n = 51) were recruited as part of a larger study and were participants in a community-based mentoring program in a large, urban county in the Southern USA. Youth completed the PSI at baseline prior to their participation in the community-based mentoring program. The authors obtained follow-up data on recidivism from the county juvenile justice department.
Findings:
PSI scores were positively related to a lower rate of recidivism and a decrease in offending frequency over a 12-month follow-up period.
Originality/value:
The current findings complement previous work, suggesting that prosocial attributes are measurable and related to important outcomes among justice-involved youth and support the utility of strengths-based treatment approaches. Moreover, it provides preliminary evidence of the utility of a new self-report measure to assess these traits within a juvenile justice population
Calcific neurocysticercosis and epileptogenesis.
No full textNeurocysticercosis is responsible for increased rates of seizures and epilepsy in endemic regions. The most common form of the disease, chronic calcific neurocysticercosis, is the end result of the host's inflammatory response to the larval cysticercus of Taenia solium. There is increasing evidence indicating that calcific cysticercosis is not clinically inactive but a cause of seizures or focal symptoms in this population. Perilesional edema is at times also present around implicated calcified foci. A better understanding of the natural history, frequency, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of calcific cysticercosis and associated disease manifestations is needed to define its importance, treatment, and prevention
