1,721,044 research outputs found
Correlazione illusoria e stereotipo etnico in età evolutiva
No full textRecent studies have shown that the illusory correlation bias is present in children starting as early as age six. In the original experimental paradigm used with adults and subsequently adapted for children, the distinction between a majority and a minority group rests uniquely upon the numerical size of the two groups, so that the majority group is assigned the larger number of behaviors. In the present study we use, in addition to the numerical distinction of the two groups, a second distinction based on the ethnicity of the members of the groups. In this case the child observer may or may not be a member of the ethnic group presented. The results show that the illusory correlation bias disappears when the children observers (Italian children) are presented with situations in which members of their own ethnic group are the numerical minority. This is achieved by presenting a majority group that has somatic traits commonly associated with African children and a minority group with somatic traits of European children. These results emphasize how membership in a group can interfere with the formation of the illusory correlation bias intended solely as a cognitive error
Children correlate infrequent behaviors with minority groups: a case of illusory correlation
No full text
Ansia nei confronti della statistica e stile cognitivo: un'indagine sugli studenti di psicologia
No full textItem Response Theory Analysis of the Life Orientation Test-Revised: Age and Gender Differential Item Functioning Analyses
No full textThis study is aimed at testing the measurement properties of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) for the assessment of dispositional optimism by employing item response theory (IRT) analyses. The LOT-R was administered to a large sample of 2,862 Italian adults. First, confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the theoretical conceptualization of the construct measured by the LOT-R as a single bipolar dimension. Subsequently, IRT analyses for polytomous, ordered response category data were applied to investigate the items’ properties. The equivalence of the items across gender and age was assessed by analyzing differential item functioning. Discrimination and severity parameters indicated that all items were able to distinguish people with different levels of optimism and adequately covered the spectrum of the latent trait. Additionally, the LOT-R appears to be gender invariant and, with minor exceptions, age invariant. Results provided evidence that the LOT-R is a reliable and valid measure of dispositional optimism
Adattamento e validazione della versione italiana del Sibling Relationship Inventory di Stocker e McHale (1992)
No full textLo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di proporre una versione italiana del Sibling
Relationship Inventory (SRI) sviluppato da Stocker e McHale (1992) e di testarne
le proprietà psicometriche. Il Sibling Relationship Inventory permette di valutare la percezione
della qualità della relazione fraterna durante la media infanzia e la pre-adolescenza.
La versione italiana è stata somministrata a 436 soggetti, di età compresa tra i 6
e i 12 anni, 206 primogeniti e 224 secondogeniti. Il campione è stato diviso casualmente
in due sottogruppi per consentire una procedura di cross-validation. L’analisi fattoriale
esplorativa, condotta sulla prima metà del campione, ha mostrato una struttura a
tre fattori (51,3% varianza spiegata) compatibile con quella originaria I fattori emersi
sono Affetto, Rivalità e Conflitto con Rivalità e Conflitto significativamente correlate.
La consistenza interna delle tre dimensioni è risultata adeguata ( Affetto = .84, Rivalità
= .81, Conflitto = .59) e la stabilità test-retest soddisfacente (r = .77 per Affetto,
r = .74 per Conflict r = .66 per Conflict). L’analisi confermativa, condotta sulla seconda
metà del campione, ha mostrato una buona tenuta del modello individuato in
fase esplorativa (CFI = .88, NNFI = .86, RMSEA = .06) incoraggiando ad un uso del
SRI sulla popolazione italiana
Using Item Response Theory to Explore the Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)
No full textThe Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) was specifically developed to assess mindfulness in children and adolescents. This study’s main aim was to explore the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the CAMM using item response theory (IRT). We investigated how well each item of the CAMM concurred in measuring mindfulness in children and adolescents, the reliability of the scale in measuring different levels of a trait, and whether items showed gender and age differential item functioning (DIF). The scale’s validity was tested by investigating the relationships of CAMM scores with emotion regulation, life satisfaction, and attention and depression problems. Our results confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale and generated evidence that with a few exceptions, the items were able to discriminate well among respondents with different levels of the trait being measured and adequately covered the spectrum of the latent trait. Satisfactory information values were obtained for a substantial range of the trait, indicating that the Italian version of the CAMM is adequately reliable across the continuum of the trait. The entire scale appeared to be gender and age invariant and evidence of validity was provided. Using IRT, the current study provides information about the psychometric adequacy of the Italian version of the CAMM in measuring mindfulness in young people
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