781 research outputs found
The role of non-base compensation in explaining the motherhood wage gap: Evidence from Italy
No full textThis paper underlines the importance of accounting for non-base compensation in explaining the motherhood wage gap. We consider two alternative measures of hourly wage using Italian EU-SILC data from 2007 to 2019: the basewage and the full-wage. The former refers to the contractual base wage, while the latter includes performance-based bonuses, productivity bonuses, commissions, pay incentives, and other extra payments. We address the endogeneity issues of motherhood and examine the effect of motherhood status across various quantiles of the wage distribution for the two hourly wage measures. Empirical findings provide evidence of a motherhood base-wage premium, which becomes nonsignificant when using the full-wage measure, suggesting that non-base compensation is a source of inequality for mothers. These findings are consistent across the wage distribution. Exploring potential heterogeneity across macro-regions and periods, we find no notable regional disparities except minor distinctions for the Southern regions, alongside a decline in the base-wage premium over time and the emergence of a full-wage penalty in recent years. A comparative analysis with a sample of men reveals that fathers enjoy a premium with both wage measures.
Nevertheless, fatherhood is also associated with reduced extra remunerations, yet to a lesser extent than motherhood
A review of adverse events linked to dopamine agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
No full textIntroduction: Dopamine agonists are highly effective as adjunctive therapy to levodopa in
advanced Parkinson's disease. These drugs have rapidly gained popularity as a monotherapy in the
early stages of Parkinson's disease for patients less than 65-70 years old since they are about as
effective as levodopa but patients demonstrate a lower tendency to develop motor complications.
However, dopamine agonists could have peripheral and central side-effects which are often the
reason for the discontinuation of the treatment. Areas covered: This article presents an overview of
the efficacy and the potential negative effects related to the use of dopamine agonists in the
treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Expert opinion: Beyond the new generation non ergot dopamine
agonists, no strong evidences allow the choice of a specific dopamine agonists for Parkinson 's
disease treatment and by now dopamine agonists treatment should be tailored on specific adverse
events profile
Overnight holding aids in selection of developmentally competent equine oocytes
No full textThe demand for equine in vitro produced embryos has increased over the last decade. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an extended IVM or a prolonged period before fertilization, including holding time, on equine immature oocyte developmental competence. Oocytes, collected from abattoir-derived ovaries, were divided into 4 groups: H0/24 (n = 165) 0 h holding + standard 24-26 h IVM; H8/36 (n = 160) 8 h holding + 36 h IVM; H20/24 (n = 187) 20 h holding + 24 h IVM; H0/44 (n = 164) 0 h holding + 44 h IVM. Oocytes matured to MII were fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and cultured for 10 days. The oocyte degeneration rate was higher (P 0.05). Timing of blastocyst development was not different among groups. Overnight holding of equine immature oocytes followed by a standard IVM interval may induce a pre-selection of the most competent oocytes thereby improving cleavage and embryo development rates after ICSI
“but I am also influenced by no such thing”-The Radical Pietist and Theological Author Johanna Eleonora Petersen
No full textJohanna Eleonora von und zu Merlau, verheiratete Petersen, von jeher tief gläubig, veränderte die religiöse Welt des 17. Jahrhunderts. Sie bekannte sich zur Bewegung des Pietismus und vertrat radikale Ansichten, nicht nur im privaten Kreis, sondern als anerkannte und heftig kritisierte theologische Autorin. Ihrem Werk ist eine Studie gewidmet, in der neue Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt und Leben und Werk dieser bedeutenden Autorin in zeitgenössische Diskurse eingebunden werden.The deeply devout Johanna Eleonora Petersen, whose maiden name was „von und zu Merlau,” changed the religious world of the seventeenth century. She avowed herself to Pietism and held radical views, not only in private but also as an acknowledged and sharply criticized theological author. This study attends to her work. It presents new research results and weaves the life and work of this important author into contemporary discourses
La notion de défectuosité du produit dans les jurisprudences des pays européens
No full textThis work analyses the notion of defective product originally developed by US Courts, then ambiguously defined by the European directive n. 374 of 1985 and differently interpreted and applied by the respective domestic Courts. In particular, some European jurisdictions apply the risk / utility test introduced by the US Courts for design defects cases, although this test is not mentioned by the European Directive. The author, having highlighted the inconsistences of the risk / utility test, proposes an alternative model of classification of defective products according to the elements actually used by judges in order to allocate the liability, as emerging from the text of their decisions. This classification leads to held the manufacturer strictly liable not only for manufacturing defects, but also for those design defects which he was aware of (as in some cases of defective vaccine).Cette étude examine la notion de défectuosité du produit initialement élaborée par les Cours américaines, définie de manière ambigüe par le législateur européen avec la directive n° 374 de 1985, puis différemment interprétée et appliquée par les Cours respectives des pays membres. Notamment certains systèmes juridiques européens appliquent le risk/ utility test élaboré par les Cours américaines pour les cas de défaut de conception du produit, bien que ce test ne soit pas mentionné par la directive européenne. L’auteur, après avoir mis en évidence les incongruences du risk/ utility test, propose un modèle alternatif de classification des cas de produits défectueux sur la base des critères d’imputation de la responsabilité qui sont concrètement utilisés par les juges et tels qu’imagés dans les textes de leurs décisions. Cette reconstruction amène à imputer au fabricant une responsabilité objective non seulement pour les cas de défaut de production, mais aussi pour les cas de défaut de conception dont il était averti (tel que certain cas de vaccin défectueux).Rajneri Karageorgevitch Eleonora. La notion de défectuosité du produit dans les jurisprudences des pays européens. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 67 N°1,2015. pp. 185-205
TO THE JUBILEE OF PROFESSOR STEPANOVA ELEONORA FEDOROVNA
No full textThe article is devoted to the anniversary of Professor Eleonora Fedorovna Stepanova – a bright representative of the Russian intelligentsia: a talented lecturer, an inventor, an author of numerous books, an internationally recognized scholar
Enrichment of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a legume-based beverage through the fermentation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
No full textIn humans, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is recognized as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and covers various others physiological functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive activities, as well as positive regulation of anxiety and depression. GABA is also produced by several microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which, widely used as multifunctional starter cultures to enrich fermented foods with functional properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to screen a collection of 20 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains, isolated from fermented foods, for their ability to produce GABA in vitro and in situ during a lab-scale fermentation aimed at producing a legume-based beverage. Initially, optimization of the culture conditions was performed considering parameters such as time and temperature (30 °C for 96 h) for growth and concentration of monosodium glutamate (0, 25, 50, 160, 270 and 400 mM), used by LAB as GABA precursor, by combining colorimetric, GABase enzymatic assay and UPLC/MS-MS analysis. Based on the results, 4 strains (C9S2, C9O4, LAB62 and LT52) were selected and combined as starters to produce a legume-based beverage naturally enriched with GABA. UPLC/MS-MS analyses showed a clear strain-specific GABA production both in vitro (C9S2, 2262.21 ± 219.4 mg/L; LAB62, 790.1 ± 9.5 mg/L; C9O4, 500.7 ± 29.0 mg/L; LT52, 408.7 ± 26.9 mg/L) and in the real food system during the lab-scale fermentation (C1, 6.98 ± 0.03 mg/L; C2, 6.92 ± 0.02 mg/L)
Perampanel as a novel treatment for subcortical myoclonus in myoclonus-dystonia syndrome
No full textBackgroundMyoclonus-dystonia (MD) is a syndrome characterized by subcortical myoclonus and milder dystonia. The main causative gene is the epsilon sarcoglycan gene (SGCE), but other genes may be involved. Response to medications is variable, with poor tolerability limiting their use.Case presentationWe present the case of a patient with severe myoclonic jerks and mild dystonia since childhood. At first neurological visit at the age of 46 years old, she presented brief myoclonic jerks predominating in the upper limbs and neck, mild at rest and elicited by action, posture and tactile stimulus. Myoclonus was accompanied by mild neck and right arm dystonia. Neurophysiological tests suggested subcortical origin of myoclonus, brain MRI was unremarkable. Myoclonus-dystonia was diagnosed, and genetic testing identified a novel mutation in SGCE gene (c.907delC) in heterozygosis. Over time she assumed a large variety of anti-epileptics without beneficial effect on myoclonus and low tolerability. Add-on treatment with Perampanel was started, with a beneficial effect. No adverse events were reported. Perampanel is the first selective non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist approved in add-on for focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. To our knowledge, this is the first trial of Perampanel in MD.ConclusionsWe presented the case of a patient with MD due to SGCE mutation who was treated with Perampanel with beneficial effects. We propose Perampanel as a novel treatment for myoclonus in MD
Positive DAT-SCAN in SPG7: a case report mimicking possible MSA-C
No full textAbstract Background Spastic Paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) is one of the most common autosomal recessive Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP); Spastic Paraplegias (SPGs) can present as hereditary ataxias. However, ataxia is frequently the symptom of presentation of many other hereditary/sporadic disorders, such as Multiple system atrophy type C (MSA-C), an α-synuclein sporadic neurodegenerative disorder, in which cerebellar ataxia is one of the main clinical features. Dopamine Transporter imaging (DAT-SCAN), associated with clinical features, can be a helpful tool in order to distinguish MSA-C from other causes of ataxia. Case-presentation We present the case of a 70-year-old man with gait difficulties over a period of 3 years and frequent backward/lateral falls. He also reported urinary urge incontinence, but no symptoms that are compatible with orthostatic hypotension. On neurological examination he showed ataxic gait, spasticity in the left lower limb and trunk and limb ataxia, especially on the left side. Mild hypokinesia was found in all 4 limbs, especially in the left foot. MRI revealed atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. DAT-SCAN imaging revealed bilateral nigro-striatal degeneration, which was compatible with a diagnosis of possible MSA-C. Considering the atypical disease course (the patient walked without any support after 3 years), we carried out a genetic investigation for Ataxia, and a mutation in SPG7 was found. Conclusions DAT-SCAN imaging, evaluated together with the clinical findings, can be useful for differentiating MSA from other possible causes of adult-onset Ataxia. Indeed, patients with MSA-C generally show a decreased uptake of dopamine transporters in DAT-SCAN imaging. Ours is the first case reported in the literature of a patient with SPG7 mutation with nigrostriatal degeneration and a clinical presentation of a possible MSA-C. Performing genetic investigations in patients with an atypical disease course is important to avoid MSA-mimicries. Identifying the correct diagnosis is important not only for prognostic reasons, but also for possible future genetic therapies
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