18,593 research outputs found
Short fiction set in Maine by author Ann Hood.
No full textShort fiction set in Maine by author Ann Hood
Calcium and Iron nutrition through the reproductive life course
No full textBackground: two essential micronutrients over the life course are calcium and iron, and both are especially important during the reproductive cycle. The role of calcium in maternal and offspring bone health and in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in pregnancy are well described, although results from randomised controlled trials for both outcomes vary. Iron is essential for synthesis of red blood cells, being a core component of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen around the body, and hence is key in the prevention of anaemia and sequelae.Summary: this article reviews the evidence across the reproductive life course for dietary calcium and iron intakes and health outcomes. For calcium, focusing on bone health and prevention of pre-eclampsia, for iron considering its crucial role in foetal and neonatal development and how requirements may be impacted through inflammation and infection, particularly in environments where iron availability may be low.</p
Long-term effects of maternal calcium supplementation on childhood growth differ between males and females in a population accustomed to a low calcium intake
No full textThe importance of adequate calcium intakes for healthy growth and bone development has long been recognised. Recent evidence suggests that calcium supplementation may have sex-specific effects on bone growth in childhood. The aim was to describe the long-term effects of calcium supplementation in pregnant Gambian women with a low calcium intake (ISCRTN96502494) on offspring height, weight, bone and body composition in childhood, and whether the effects differ by sex.
Children of mothers who participated in the original calcium supplementation trial were measured at age 8–12 years using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Linear models tested for sex*supplement interactions before and after adjusting for current age and size in early life.
447 children, aged 9.2(SD 0.9) years, were measured. Significant sex*supplement interactions (p < 0.05) were observed for many of the anthropometric and bone outcomes, Females whose mothers received calcium (F-Ca) were shorter, lighter with smaller bones and less bone mineral than those whose mothers received placebo (F-P), differences (SE) ranged from height = − 1.0 (0.5)% to hip BMC − 5.5 (2.3)%. Males from mothers in the calcium group (M-Ca) had greater mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) (+ 2.0 (1.0)%, p = 0.05) and fat mass (+ 11.6 (5.1)%, p = 0.02) and tended towards greater BMC and size than those whose mothers were in the placebo group (M-P). The differences in anthropometry and body composition were robust to adjustment for current height and weight, whereas all bone differences became non-significant. F-P were taller with more BMC than M-P, whereas F-Ca had similar sized bones and mineral content to M-Ca.
Calcium supplementation of pregnant women with low calcium intakes altered the childhood trajectories of growth and bone and body composition development of their offspring in a sex-specific manner, resulting in slower growth among females compared to placebo and accelerated growth among males by age 8–12 years
Pregnancy-Related Bone Mineral and Microarchitecture Changes in Women Aged 30 to 45 Years
No full textAt birth, the neonatal skeleton contains 20 to 30 g calcium (Ca). It is hypothesized maternal bone mineral may be mobilized to support fetal skeletal development, although evidence of pregnancy-induced mineral mobilization is limited. We recruited healthy pregnant (n = 53) and non-pregnant non-lactating (NPNL; n = 37) women aged 30 to 45 years (mean age 35.4 ± 3.8 years) and obtained peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and high-resolution pQCT (HR-pQCT) scans from the tibia and radius at 14 to 16 and 34 to 36 weeks of pregnancy, with a similar scan interval for NPNL. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess group differences in change between baseline and follow-up; differences are expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS) ± SEM. Decreases in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) outcomes were found in both groups; however, pregnancy-related decreases for pQCT total and trabecular vBMD were −0.65 ± 0.22 SDS and −0.50 ± 0.23 SDS greater (p <.05). HR-pQCT total and cortical vBMD decreased compared with NPNL by −0.49 ± 0.24 SDS and −0.67 ± 0.23 SDS, respectively; trabecular vBMD decreased in both groups to a similar magnitude. Pregnancy-related changes in bone microarchitecture significantly exceeded NPNL change for trabecular number (0.47 ± 0.23 SDS), trabecular separation (−0.54 ± 0.24 SDS), cortical thickness (−1.01 ± 0.21 SDS), and cortical perimeter (0.78 ± 0.23 SDS). At the proximal radius, cortical vBMD and endosteal circumference increased by 0.50 ± 0.23 SDS and 0.46 ± 0.23 SDS, respectively, compared with NPNL, whereas cortical thickness decreased −0.50 ± 0.22 SDS. Pregnancy-related decreases in total and compartment-specific vBMD exceed age-related change at the distal tibia. Changes at the radius were only evident with pQCT at the cortical-rich proximal site and suggest endosteal resorption. Although the magnitude of these pregnancy-related changes in the appendicular skeleton are small, if they reflect global changes across the skeleton at large, they may contribute substantially to the Ca requirements of the fetus.</p
Ann Arbor, Michigan: An Historical Analysis Of Board Of Education Decisions On School Desegregation Issues.
No full textPurpose of the Study. This study focused on the history of the Ann Arbor Public School System's desegregation and school attendance decisions, from the Brown decision to the present. The purpose was to write an historical analysis of Board of Education decisions regarding racial balance and imbalance in Ann Arbor Public Schools. Specifically, the Board of Education, the administration, and the community were studied concerning four historically relevant decisions: (1) The closing of Jones School in 1965; (2) New building sites in the years 1965-1976; (A) Bryant/Clinton; (B) Logan/Northside; (3) Employment practices; i.e., hiring of and placement of minority staff, 1969-1978; and (4) The busing of North Campus children, 1970-1978. Methodology. Background information on school desegregation in three perspectives was first presented. This included historical information, research findings on methods and results of school desegregation, and a study of local Michigan districts which have undergone court-enforced desegregation. Four questions were developed to provide a focus for historical analysis of the Ann Arbor Board of Education's decisions: (1) What was the situational environment in which each decision was made by the Board of Education? (2) How did the community react to the Board of Education's decision? (3) Was the effect of each decision more or less segregation in the Ann Arbor Public Schools? (4) Did choices or options exist to the Board of Education at the time of the decision which would have possibly resulted in a less segregated situation? Findings. In all instances of new school openings, more rather than less segregation followed the Board's decision. The Jones School closing was found to be the last major decision that led to purposeful desegregation. Placement of academic staff, in particular, added to the inbalance in several elementary schools. In the 1977-78 school year, the Michigan State Board of Education categorized Ann Arbor's school system as racially imbalanced, and requested action on the part of local authorities to rectify this situation within 90 days. The Ann Arbor Board's progress toward the achievement of voluntary desegregation has included the appointment of a citizens' committee. The author concludes that the Board's voluntary commitment to take action to improve racial balance is a wise and proper course of action, since possible implications of past actions could be used in a court case against the system.PhDBilingual educationEducationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/127544/2/8025652.pd
I remember living at Seabrook, 1945-1953
No full textIn this "I remember" memoir, Ann Mariko Lowe recalls life at Seabrook, which introduced her to many new experiences, including Halloween traditions. She remembers the living conditions in the dorms at Seabrook, where there was little privacy, and poor facilities. Afterwards, her family moved to the apartments, where they were able to form close bonds with other Japanese families. This was especially helpful with expenses. Ann also played basketball at the Community Center, attended Bible study classes, and was a student at Seabrook School. The Seabrook Educational and Cultural Center has been soliciting current and past residents of Seabrook Farms for an "I remember" project. Residents are asked to create narratives regarding their experiences at Seabrook Farms. These memories help preserve the history and multi-cultural heritage of Seabrook Farms
Women as Physicians
No full text"The following communication by Ann Preston, M.D., Professor of Physiology and Hygiene in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, appeared in the "Medical and Surgical Reporter" of May 4th, 1867. Through its forcible utterances, the lamented author "being dead yet speaketh;" and it has been deemed proper in the present epoch of the College history to republish it, in this form, with the accompanying information." Ann Preston was a member of the first graduating class of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1852. She became the first woman dean of the College in 1866
In rural Gambia, do adolescents have increased nutritional vulnerability compared to adults?
No full textAdolescents may be particularly susceptible to malnutrition due to the energy and nutrient costs of the pubertal growth spurt. The aim of this study was to compare differences in selected markers of nutritional status between adolescents and adults in rural Gambia.The Keneba Biobank collects cross-sectional data and samples for all consenting individuals resident in the West Kiang region of The Gambia. For this study, participants between the ages of 10 and 40 years (y) were selected (n = 4201, female 2447). Height, body mass index, body composition, haemoglobin concentration, fasting glucose concentration and blood pressure were compared using linear regression models adjusting for age, parity, season of measurement and residence, across three age groups: early adolescent (10-14.9y), late adolescent (15-19.9y) and adult (20-39.9y).Adolescents, particularly early adolescent girls and boys, were shorter, lighter and leaner than adults. By late adolescence differences were smaller, particularly in girls where, notably, the prevalence of overweight, hypertension and impaired fasting glucose was low. Given the importance of maternal health for reproductive outcomes and intergenerational health, the results of the study, albeit with limited biomarkers available, indicate adolescent girls are no more compromised than adult women or males from the same population
Mary Ann Cox Index: Royal Society Collection
No full textBurton-Wood: in a series of letters, by a lady (Mrs. - Cox nee Wight), London (printed for the author by H.D.Steel) 1783, vol.11
(octovo vol, leather bound)
Enclosed: note The book Burtonwood was written by the mother of
Mary Ann Cox who ran the first coach from Hobart to Launceston.
It was passed on to me by her grand-daughter Miss Dora Clerk of Malahide.
I also am a grand-daughter of Mrs. Cox. Joan Harvey
(John Edward Cox m. Mary Ann Halls
V.D.L. 1821 J.E.C. started Hobart-Launceston coach) - (note - Mrs.
Harvey's identification of the author of the volume was based on family
tradition although not confirmed - no details are known of John Edward
Cox's parents)
Poems by C(harles) Best c 1847 - 1849
Includes poems to Miss Wilmot (Georgiana Wilmot, - Mrs. C. Butler)
and Mary Wilmot.
Enclosed: note by Joan Harvey
Article on Mrs. Mary Ann Cox 1950.
A pioneer career woman (on coach service between Hobart - Launceston)
from "Woman's Day" Aug. 21, 1950 (news clipping)
R.S. 14
Researching Alaska with Ann Fienup-Riordan, Willie Hensley, and Katie Ringsmuth
No full textAnn Fienup-Riordan, Willie Hensley, and Katie Ringsmuth share insights on how to connect, research, and uncover Alaska's past. Their individual interests, projects, approaches, and challenges researching Alaska will be highlighted. Katie Ringsmuth: National Park Service historian (UAA History Department); Ann Fienup-Riordan: anthropologist, author, and oral historian; Willie Hensley: Inupiaq activist, leader, author (UAA College of Business)
- …
