199,130 research outputs found
Establishing the content validity of a new emergency department patient-reported experience measure (ED PREM): a Delphi study
No full textBackground: Patient-reported experience measures aim to capture the patient’s perspective of what happened during a care encounter and how it happened. However, due to a lack of guidance to support patient-reported experience measure development and reporting, the content validity of many instruments is unclear and ambiguous. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish the content validity of a newly developed Emergency Department Patient-Reported Experience Measure (ED PREM). Methods: ED PREM items were developed based on the findings of a systematic mixed studies review, and qualitative interviews with Emergency Department patients that occurred during September and October, 2020. Individuals who participated in the qualitative interviews were approached again during August 2021 to participate in the ED PREM content validation study. The preliminary ED PREM comprised 37 items. A two-round modified, online Delphi study was undertaken where patient participants were asked to rate the clarity, relevance, and importance of ED PREM items on a 4-point content validity index scale. Each round lasted for two-weeks, with 1 week in between for analysis. Consensus was a priori defined as item-level content validity index scores of ≥0.80. A scale-level content validity index score was also calculated. Results: Fifteen patients participated in both rounds of the online Delphi study. At the completion of the study, two items were dropped and 13 were revised, resulting in a 35-item ED PREM. The scale-level content validity index score for the final 35-item instrument was 0.95. Conclusions: The newly developed ED PREM demonstrates good content validity and aligns strongly with the concept of Emergency Department patient experience as described in the literature. The ED PREM will next be administered in a larger study to establish its’ construct validity and reliability. There is an imperative for clear guidance on PREM content validation methodologies. Thus, this study may inform the efforts of other researchers undertaking PREM content validation.Full Tex
Definicion del tipo de sistemas de monitoreo y evaluacion : clientes, usos esperados y utilizacion real Definindo o tipo de sistema de M&A : clientes, usos pretendidos e utilizacao real
No full textThis is the second note in a monthly
series on government monitoring and evaluation (M&E)
systems led by the PREM Poverty Reduction and Equity Group
under the guidance of Jaime Saavedra, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,
and Keith Mackay, with contributions from several World Bank
colleagues. The main purpose of this series is to synthesize
existing knowledge about M&E systems and to document new
knowledge on M&E systems that may not yet be well
understood. The series targets World Bank, donor staff who
is working to support client governments in strengthening
their M&E systems, as well as government officials
interested in learning about the uses and benefits of
M&E and in adopting a more systematic approach toward
M&E in their governments
P2_3 PREM reigns suPREMe
No full textThis paper verifies that the distribution of mass of the Earth described by the density equations outlined in the PREM model are correct by utilizing them to calculate the moment of inertia of the Earth as 8.117 × 10(37) kg m^2. This was then found to be within 1% of the known value of the Earth’s moment of inertia, 8.038 × 10(37)kg m^2
Evaluating Controlled Memory Request Injection to Counter PREM Memory Underutilization
No full textModern heterogeneous systems-on-chip (HeSoC) feature high-performance multi-core CPUs tightly integrated with data-parallel accelerators. Such HeSoCS heavily rely on shared resources, which hinder their adoption in the context of Real-Time systems. The predictable execution model (PREM) has proven effective at preventing uncontrolled execution time lengthening due to memory interference in HeSoC sharing main memory (DRAM). However, PREM only allows one task at a time to access memory, which inherently under-utilizes the available memory bandwidth in modern HeSoCs. In this paper, we conduct a thorough experimental study aimed at assessing the potential benefits of extending PREM so as to inject controlled amounts of memory requests coming from other tasks than the one currently granted exclusive DRAM access. Focusing on a state-of-the-art HeSoC, the NVIDIA TX2, we extensively characterize the relation between the injected bandwidth and the latency experienced by the task under test. The results confirm that for various types of workload it is possible to exploit the available bandwidth much more efficiently than standard PREM arbitration, often close to its maximum, while keeping latency inflation below 10%. We discuss possible practical implementation directions, highlighting the expected benefits and technical challenges
Development and validation of a Patient Reported Experience Measure for Experimental Cancer Medicines (PREM-ECM) and their carers (PREM-ECM-Carer):Development & validation of PREM-ECMs
No full textBackground: Our aim was to develop a validated Patient Reported Experience Measure (PREM) to capture patient and carer experience during participation in experimental cancer medicine trials (ECM): called PREM-ECM. Methods: Mixed method design, consisting of four stages. Questionnaire items were produced for both patients and carers using interviews, focus groups, and cognitive interviews with patients and carers separately. For both PREMs, a cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted to identify final items for inclusion using hierarchical item reduction and Rasch analysis. Questionnaire validity and reliability were assessed, including administration feasibility.Results: Initial interview participants suggested the need for three PREMs, two specific to patients: i) a ‘prior’ questionnaire that captured experiences of trial introduction, screening, consenting, and early trial experience (<6 weeks post consent); and ii) ‘on-trial’ that captured experiences of ongoing consent and trial participation; and iii) a PREM specific for carers. The draft 25-item ‘prior’ questionnaire was completed by 162 patients and 162 patients completed the draft 35-item ‘on-trial’ questionnaire. Hierarchical and Rasch analysis produced a 14-item ‘prior’ list and a 15-item list for ‘on-trial’. Both patient PREM’s demonstrated good fit to the Rasch model (X2 p<0.001). The carer 34-draft item questionnaire was completed by 102 participants. Hierarchical and Rasch analysis produced a 13-item list for PREM-ECM-Carer, with good fit to the Rasch model (p=0.62). The pilot testing demonstrated the feasibility of all the PREMs in capturing patient and caregiver experiences in routine clinical settings.Conclusions: The three PREM-ECM questionnaires will be the first validated experience measures for ECM trial patients and their carers. These questionnaires may be used to assess patients’ and their carers’ experiences of ECM and enable robust comparisons across cancer trial units highlighting areas for service improvement. <br/
Development of the first Patient Reported Experience Measure (PREM) for hearing loss in audiology care - My Hearing PREM©
No full textCONTEXT: Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) provide important insights into the challenges experienced when living with a chronic condition. Although patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) exist in audiology, there are no validated PREMs to help clinicians understand patient perspectives and identify areas where patients may need additional support or interventions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate content for the new ‘My Hearing PREM’, which captures lived experiences of hearing loss from patients’ perspectives. DESIGN: My Hearing PREM was developed and tested in two key phases. Phase 1 involved generating the PREM prototype in accordance with our conceptual model of the lived experience of hearing loss. In Phase 2, cognitive interviews were conducted with adults with hearing loss to appraise the content of the PREM (relevance, clarity, acceptability and comprehensiveness) and assess its respondent burden. Key stakeholders (e.g., adults with hearing loss, patient and public representatives, clinicians and researchers) were consulted throughout Phases 1 and 2 to review and refine the PREM. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen participants (aged 16 years and over) with hearing loss took part in cognitive interviews, recruited from UK audiology departments and non-clinical settings (e.g., lip-reading classes, national charity links and social media). RESULTS: Most PREM items were found to be relevant, clear, acceptable and comprehensive. Several problems were identified, including items not working well with the response scale options, irrelevant questions and a lack of clarity about terms (e.g., healthcare professionals) and whether questions should be answered based on the use of hearing aids (or not). The PREM was amended accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, no hearing loss-specific PREMs exist in audiology. Involving multiple stakeholders in the development of the PREM helped to ensure that the items were relevant, clear, acceptable and comprehensive. The PREM is undergoing further evaluation and refinement in preparation for investigating the feasibility of implementing it into clinical practice. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Ongoing Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) with key groups (South Asian Women's groups, young people's groups, learning disability networks and student populations) was integral to the study. PPIE members reviewed patient information sheets and consent forms, advised on recruitment, reviewed the interview schedule and checked coding and analysis procedures. PPIE members provided feedback on the PREM's comprehensibility. Members of the public, including adults attending lip-reading classes and hearing aid users from the South Asian community, provided feedback on iterative PREM drafts
Interspousal Immunity in Ohio After Prem v. Cox
No full textAT FIRST BLUSH, the January 5, 1983 Ohio Supreme Court decision in Prem v. Cox, may lead opponents of the interspousal immunity doctrine to believe that the doctrine has been abrogated in Ohio. But such an analysis might be too optimistic. Prem involved a wrongful death action brought by the deceased wife\u27s estate against her husband and the driver of a second vehicle. The decedent\u27s husband was driving the automobile in which the decedent was a passenger when it collided with another vehicle. The husband\u27s motion for summary judgment based on the doctrine of interspousal immunity was granted by the trial court and affirmed by the court of appeals
Kundl-Wildschönau
No full textmit Beitr. von Hans Schrott-Fiechtl und S. M. Prem. Herausgeg. vom Straßenbau-Ausschuß Kundl-Wildschöna
Marco conceitual para monitoramento e avaliacao Marco conceptual del sistema de monitoreo y evaluacion
No full textThis is the first note in a monthly
series on government monitoring and evaluation (M&E)
systems led by the PREM, or Poverty Reduction and Equity
Management under the guidance of Jaime Saavedra, Gladys
Lopez-Acevedo, and Keith Mackay, with contributions from
several World Bank colleagues. The main purpose of this
series is to synthesize existing knowledge about M&E
systems and to document new knowledge on M&E systems
that may not yet be well understood. The series targets
World Bank other donor staff who are working to support
client governments in strengthening their M&E systems,
as well as government officials interested in learning about
the uses and benefits of M&E and in adopting a more
systematic approach toward M&E in their governments
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