1,118 research outputs found
‘Women’s Weapons’: Education and Female Revenge on the Early Modern Stage
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Edinburgh University Press via the ISBN in this recor
Enter Mercury, Sleeping: Delivering Prayers on the Early Modern Stage
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from CUP via the DOI in this recor
“The Wished Aire”: Biblical Plagues and the Early Modern Playhouse
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available via the DOI in this recordAt a time when the outbreak of plague was frequently attributed to divine providence, and associated with poor air quality, Elizabethan playhouses were identified by their detractors as sites of contagion. Contemporary playwrights responded to such charges in their drama. In Thomas Lodge and Robert Greene’s A Looking-Glass for London and England (c. 1589), a late Elizabethan play that dramatizes the story of the Biblical plagues sent against ancient Nineveh, Lodge (a physician and dramatist) and his co-author Greene explore their theatre’s capacity to evoke the threat of plague through expansive imagery and sensory effects, before transforming this noxious atmosphere into the “wished aire” of redemption
Ck-Log, A Calculus for Knowledge Processing in Logic
No full textThis paper introduces the principal concepts in the organization and operation of the logic based knowledge processing system, called CK-LOG (A Calculus for Knowledge in Logics). CK-LOG uses the frame based system MDS (the Meta Description System) for knowledge representation and for modeling world states. It uses an inference engine based on Natural Deduction for stating and solving problems. As a knowledge processing system CK-LOG has several capabilities, which are new to the technology of knowledge representation systems: CK-LOG has special facilities to represent and reason about actions and their time dependencies. Actions that occur in a world state may create or destroy objects in the world or modify their properties, or prevent or support other actions. The effects of actions are described in CK-LOG using modal operators like CREATE, DESTROY, PREVENT, SUPPORT, KEEP, etc. These operator expressions are also used to represent and reason about possible worlds that the actions might lead to. Most significantly, CK-LOG is a logic-based knowledge processing system, just as PROLOG is logic based programming system. CK-LOG uses a three valued logical system with truth values T (true),? (Unknown) and F (false) to build partial models of world states, and the two valued logic's system of T and F in its theorem proving System. The use of the three valued logical system in its models of world states enables CK-LOG to do problem solving in the context of incomplete information about world states. The theorem proving system of CK-LOG uses a variant of the calculus of sequents first proposed by Kanger (which itself is a variant of Gentzen's system). The two variations in CK-LOG are, (i). the use of a new algorithm called the mating algorithm for testing proof terminations, and (ii) the use of specialized inference rules for reasoning about modal expressions using the possible world semantics.. The mating algorithm gives the theorem proving system of CK-LOG several new capabilities: to identify information that is pertinent to a given problem and retrieve it from its knowledge base, to update its models of possible worlds during the problem solving process based on the findings of the theorem proving system, to use these models of world states to test proof terminations, and to generate hypotheses during the problem solving process that are based on unknown information. These various features of CK-LOG are described here. The paper concludes with a discussion of the logic of frames as used in CK-LOG and establishes a condition called locality condition as a sufficient condition for creating knowledge representations with requisite completeness.Technical report DCS-TR-15
The Smoke of War: From Tamburlaine to Henry V
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this record.Early in Tamburlaine Part 1, Marlowe’s protagonist promises that his army’s bullets, “[e]nrolde in flames and fiery smouldering mistes”, will occupy the heavens (2.3.20). Uniting the technological with the supernatural, Tamburlaine is characterised as a warrior who commands the “compasse of the killing bullet” (2.1.41), with the smoky emissions generated by his ordnance complementing his martial ambitions. As Tamburlaine and his rival Bajazeth compete for discursive and material control of the fictional – and theatrical - air, deploying smoke, flying bullets, and airborne contagion, Marlowe’s drama introduces an association between pollution and achievement that Shakespeare would subsequently interrogate in Henry IV and Henry V. While Shakespearean characters such as Hotspur continue to celebrate the fumes of “smoky war” (1 Henry IV 4.1.115), Shakespeare also registers the performative risks of generating environmental pollution: an approach that culminates in Henry V when the title protagonist’s threats conflate bullets with rotting bodies and render the air itself a poisoned weapon that “choke[s]” the atmosphere (4.3.99-108). Analysing both parts of Tamburlaine, Henry VI Part One, 1 and 2 Henry IV, and Henry V, this article explores the theatrical associations between staging battle and the weaponised use of airborne pollutants, reflecting on the implications for contemporary dramatic representations of the martial and aerial environment
Fortune’s Breath: Rewriting the Classical Storm in the Drama of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscriptCritics often identify Marlowe and Nashe’s play *Dido Queene of Carthage* as a significant precursor for Shakespeare’s *Antony and Cleopatra*, as well as his more explicitly Virgilian drama *The Tempest*. These three plays are regularly associated with the *Aeneid*, and interpreted within the context of early modern colonial discourse. While the theme of empire-building is of central importance in these dramas, however, the emphasis in all three plays on the staging of Virgilian storms suggest that the *Aeneid*’s prophetic and literary antecedents may be equally significant. Thus Marlowe and Shakespeare’s fictional tempests raise and pursue questions about the nature of theatrical authorship, the concept of a discrete imaginative sphere, and the charged issue of literary legacy or fama. Storms in these plays thus provide a medium through which to engage with and dispute standards of dramatic authority within the context of the purpose-dedicated playhouses, as Marlowe and Shakespeare respond in their drama to contemporary debates about the nature, value and purpose of the theatre
“The Wished Aire”: Biblical Plagues and the Early Modern Playhouse
No full textAt a time when the outbreak of plague was frequently attributed to divine providence, and associated with poor air quality, Elizabethan playhouses were identified by their detractors as sites of contagion. Contemporary playwrights responded to such charges in their drama. In Thomas Lodge and Robert Greene’s A Looking-Glass for London and England (c. 1589), a late Elizabethan play that dramatizes the story of the Biblical plagues sent against ancient Nineveh, Lodge (a physician and dramatist) and his co-author Greene explore their theatre’s capacity to evoke the threat of plague through expansive imagery and sensory effects, before transforming this noxious atmosphere into the “wished aire” of redemption
Highly parallel and energy-efficient exhaustive minimum distance search engine using hybrid digital/analog circuit techniques
No full textA minimum distance search engine (MDSE) is presented as a hardware. accelerator for various exhaustive pattern-matching systems. This chip executes highly parallel computations of L-1-norms between an input query and stored multiple reference records, and searches for the minimum distance among them in a highly parallel fashion. Our architectural-level estimation shows that this MDSE can reduce energy dissipation by orders of magnitude as the number of records increases, compared with the conventional systems. We have designed a prototype 4-bit 8-word MDSE composed of merged memory logic (MML) and digital/analog-mixed winner-take-all circuit (DAM-WTAC) by using hybrid digital/analog circuit techniques. It was fabricated with a 0.6-mum single-poly triple-metal CMOS technology. Experimental results show that our chip works properly at 3 V/10 MM and has approximately four times larger throughput as well as four times higher energy efficiency, compared with the existing 8-bit microcontrollers.The author would like to thank MICROS, IDEC and Samsung Electronics
Company for their support. They would also like to thank the
reviewers for their valuable comments and Dr. K. Kim, Samsung Electronics
Company, for useful discussion
Breaches in a Battered Wall: Invasion, Spectatorship, and the Early Modern Stage
No full textThis article explores how the fictional representation of siege and invasion in the war dramas of the 1580s and 1590s enabled Elizabethan dramatists to reflect upon the vulnerable state of their own theatre, threatened with invasion and destruction by anti-theatrical authors and unruly spectators alike. Through consideration of how the invasion of the city is portrayed in Marlowe’s *Tamburlaine* plays, Shakespeare’s *2 Henry VI* and Heywood’s *Edward IV*, it demonstrates how such martial discourse of invasion and conquest provided a vocabulary through which these three playwrights explore different models of spectatorship: from coerced, to antagonistic, to co-operative
‘Women’s Weapons’: Education and Female Revenge on the Early Modern Stage
No full textNo description availabl
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