2,203 research outputs found
FIGURES 1–3 in Transfer of Homalonychus raghavai Patel & Reddy, 1991 to Storenomorpha Simon 1884 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
No full textFIGURES 1–3. Storenomorpha raghavai (Patel & Reddy, 1991) comb. nov., original illustrations of holotype female of Homalonychus raghavai Patel & Reddy, 1991, adapted from Patel & Reddy (1991). 1 female habitus, dorsal view. 2 epigynum, ventral view. 3 vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviation: CP, central plate. Figures are not to scale.Published as part of Sankaran, Pradeep M., 2021, Transfer of Homalonychus raghavai Patel & Reddy, 1991 to Storenomorpha Simon 1884 (Araneae: Zodariidae), pp. 299-300 in Zootaxa 5039 (2) on page 300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5039.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/550895
Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy 1993
No full textHippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993 Figs 30–31, 40 Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993: 121, fig. 1a–d (♀). Type material. Holotype ♀ from INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: Guntur: Valiveru (16°11'N, 80°35'E; 10 m alt.), 15 January 1985, T. S. Reddy leg., repository NZC-ZSI, Kolkata (no register number specified), not examined. Paratypes 5 ♀♀, with the same data as holotype, not examined. Topotype material examined. INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: Guntur: Valiveru (16°11'N, 80°35'E; 10 m alt.), 11 October 2019, M.S. Pradeep & A. V. Mathew leg., from web on ground, by hand: 2 ♀♀ (ADSH595035). Diagnosis. Females of H. valiveruensis are closely related to the females of H. agelenoides as both have small body and similar colour pattern, but can be separated from the latter by epigyne without atrium (vs. epigyne with atrium in H. agelenoides), horizontally oriented spermathecal stalks (vs. vertically oriented spermathecal stalks in H. agelenoides) and globular spermathecae (vs. oval spermathecae in H. agelenoides) (compare Figs 30G–H, 31A–B with Figs 7F–G, 8D–E). Supplementary description. Female in ethanol (ADSH595035; Fig. 30A–E). Carapace, clypeus, chelicerae, endites, labium brownish; thoracic part marginally black; sternum pale brownish; opisthosoma greyish; leg and palp segments, spinnerets greenish black with black annulations and patches on leg and palp segments. Carapace clothed with fine black appressed setae. Thoracic part with slightly undulating margin (Fig. 30B). Thoracic fovea reddish, long (0.41), straight, longitudinal (Fig. 30A). Chelicerae dorsally clothed with moderately long setae; inner and outer surfaces provided with stridulatory files; promargin provided with a series of moderately long setae with bend tips, pro- and retromargins with three teeth (Fig. 30D). Sternum provided with scattered black setae, with a broad median longitudinal black band (Fig. 30C). Opisthosoma elongate-ovoid, hirsute; cardiac area marked with a pale brown patch; dorsum medially provided with transverse black bands and spots; venter proximolaterally provided with black spots arranged in a single line; sides provided with discontinuous black stripes. Spinnerets hirsute (Fig. 30E). Legs long, slender, hirsute, spinose; metatarsi without scopulae; tarsi with reduced scopulae. Body length 6.19. Carapace 2.80 long, 2.20 wide. Opisthosoma 3.39 long, 2.05 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.11, AME 0.12, PLE 0.16, PME 0.18; AME–ALE 0.06, AME–AME 0.08, AME–PME 0.11, PLE–PLE 0.57, PME–PLE 0.20, PME– PME 0.22. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.16, at ALEs 0.11. Length of chelicerae 0.93. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 3.31 [1.07, 0.52, 0.69, 1.03], I 9.00 [2.47, 1.01, 1.91, 2.34, 1.27], II 8.55 [2.39, 1.03, 1.79, 2.05, 1.29], III 8.53 [2.37, 1.06, 1.77, 2.04, 1.29], IV 12.79 [3.12, 1.12, 2.99, 3.96, 1.60]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of palp: femur pld 1 do 3 rld 1, patella pld 1 do 2, tibia pld 1 plv 1 rld 1, tarsus pl 1 pld 1 plv 1 rl 1 rlv 1; legs: femur I pld 1 do 2 rld 2, II–III pld 3 do 3 rld 3, IV pld 3 do 3 rld 1; patellae I–IV pld 1 do 2 rld 1; tibia I pl 1 pld 1 plv 3 do 1 rl 2 rlv 3, II pl 1 pld 2 plv 1 rl 1 rld 2 rlv 3, III pl 1 pld 1 plv 3 rl 1 rld 3 rlv 1, IV pl 1 pld 2 plv 3 rl 1 rld 3 rlv 3; metatarsus I pld 2 plv 3 rl 1 rld 1 rlv 3 vt 1, II pld 3 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 3 vt 1, III pld 3 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 3 vt 1, IV pld 3 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 4 vt 1; tarsi I–IV spineless. Genitalia (Figs 30F–H, 31A–B): epigyne clothed in bushy setae (Fig. 30F), with M-shaped narrow, wide median and short semicircular lateral plates (Fig. 31A; MEP, LEP). Spermathecal stalks slender, S-shaped (Figs 30G–H, 31B; SS). Accessory glands oval, without stalk, originating basally to spermathecal stalks (Fig. 30G, 31B; AG). Spermathecae globular (Figs 30H, 31B; S). Fertilization ducts anteriorly directed, converging (Fig. 31B; FD). Male. Unknown. Variation. Female (n=2): 6.12–6.19. Distribution. India: Andhra Pradesh (Patel & Reddy 1993; present data) (Fig. 40). Remarks. We were unable to trace the types of H. valiveruensis in the arachnid collection of ZSI, even though the authors mentioned that the types would be deposited there (Patel & Reddy 1993).Published as part of SANKARAN, PRADEEP M. & CALEB, JOHN T. D., 2023, Notes on Indian wolf spiders: II. Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae Hippasinae), pp. 101-152 in Zootaxa 5230 (2) on page 140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5230.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/755494
Teacher formative assessment: the missing link in response to intervention
No full textResponse to Intervention (RtI) focuses on the assessment, intervention, and progress monitoring of student academic performance and social behavior. Despite requiring highly-qualified personnel for successful implementation, the implementation of Rtl has not focused on applying its foundational principles towards promoting teacher effectiveness through assessment, intervention, and progress monitoring of teacher classroom practice. Compounding this problem is the lack of availability of reliable and valid teacher assessments to apply in an Rtl model for teacher professional development. This chapter provides a rationale for applying RtI principles to teacher professional development and how teacher formative assessment can improve educator effectiveness, student learning, and social behaviors. The Classroom Strategies Scale (CSS, Reddy & Dudek, 2014), a new multidimensional assessment of instructional and behavioral management practices is discussed as an example of one promising tool for promoting teachers professional development within an Rtl model. We offer a synthesis of the theory, research, and evidence of reliability and validity of the CSS. The application of teacher formative assessment in job-embedded professional development/coaching models for schools is discussed. Finally, implications for practice and research are outlined.Peer reviewe
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jcn-10.1177_08830738211026052 - Neuroradiological Mimics of Periventricular Leukomalacia
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jcn-10.1177_08830738211026052 for Neuroradiological Mimics of Periventricular Leukomalacia by Nihaal Reddy, Mary Doyle, Prasad Hanagandi, Ajay Taranath, Hisham Dahmoush, Pradeep Krishnan, Ozgur Oztekin, Eugen Boltshauser, Manohar Shroff and Kshitij Mankad in Journal of Child Neurology</p
Comprehensive evaluation of candidate reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data normalization in nutri-cereal finger millet [Eleusine Coracana (L.)]
No full textFinger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is an annual herbaceous self-pollinating C4 cereal crop of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Finger millet is a food security crop proven to have resilience to changing climate and scores very high in nutrition. In the current study, we have assessed sixteen candidate reference genes for their appropriateness for the normalization studies in finger millet subjected to experimental regimes and treatments. Ten candidate reference genes (GAPDH, β-TUB, CYP, EIF4α, TIP41, UBC, G6PD, S24, MACP and MDH) were cloned and six (ACT, ELF1α, PP2A, PT, S21 and TFIID) were mined from the NCBI database as well as from the literature. Expression stability ranking of the finger millet reference genes was validated using four different statistical tools i.e., geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt and RefFinder. From the study, we endorse MACP, CYP, EIF4α to be most stable candidate reference genes in all ‘tissues’, whereas PT, TFIID, MACP ranked high across genotypes, β-TUB, CYP, ELF1α were found to be best under abiotic stresses and ‘all samples set’. The study recommends using minimum of two reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalizations in finger millet. All in all, CYP, β-TUB, and EF1α, in combination were found to be best for robust normalizations under most experimental conditions. The best and the least stable genes were validated for confirmation by assessing their appropriateness for normalization studies using EcNAC1 gene. The report provides the first comprehensive list of suitable stable candidate reference genes for nutritional rich cereal finger millet that will be advantageous to gene expression studies in this crop
Laminion arakuensis Sankaran & Caleb & Sebastian 2020, gen. et comb. nov.
No full textLaminion arakuensis (Patel & Reddy, 1989) gen. et comb. nov. Fig. 9 Storena arakuensis Patel & Reddy, 1989: 223, fig. 1a–h. Type material Holotype (not examined) INDIA • ♀; Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, Araku Valley; 18°19′38.45″ N, 82°52′39.08″ E; 919 m a.s.l.; 28 Sep. 1985; T.S. Reddy leg.; NZC-ZSI, Kolkata (no register number specified). (The original illustrations of habitus and genitalia were used for comparison.) Paratypes (not examined) INDIA • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; NZC-ZSI, Kolkata (no register number specified). Allotypes (not examined) INDIA • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; NZC-ZSI, Kolkata (no register number specified). Male Unknown. Justification of the transfer Patel & Reddy (1989) described this species on the basis of male and female specimens collected in Andhra Pradesh. Although we did not examine the types of this species, the female genitalia illustrated for this species clearly show the presence of sclerotised lateral and median epigynal plates (Patel & Reddy 1989: fig. 1c), which allows the inclusion of this species in Laminion gen. nov. Remarks We were unable to trace out the types of S. arakuensis in the arachnid collection of ZSI, even though the authors mentioned that the types would be deposited here (Patel & Reddy 1989).Published as part of Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2020, A review of the Indian species formerly assigned to the genus Storena Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with the description of a new genus, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 707 on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.707, http://zenodo.org/record/401101
Female headship, poverty and child welfare: A study of rural orissa, India
No full textFirst, on the basis of primary data collected in a rural setting in the State of Orissa, an attempt has been made in this paper to compare the socioeconomic status of male- and female- headed households. Subsequently the differences in the use of resources (time and money) between male-headed and female-headed households have been analysed. Finally, the paper explores the relative well-being of the children between the two groups, i.e., to what extent female headship influences children's access to social services, and children's actual welfare outcomes, measured in terms of health and education indicators. The results suggest that poverty and female headship are strongly linked in rural Orissa, India. For eample, if we draw a poverty line that corresponds to 15 per cent of the population who are poor, 12 per cent of people living in male-headed househols are poor as compared with 33 per cent of people living in female-headed households. This result is based on per capita consumption as the welfare indicator. When 40 per cent poverty line is used, the differences are still large in economic terms and are statistically significant. Moreover, when we use adjusted consumption as the welfare indicator, the comparisons show a much higher incidence of poverty among female-headed households. This is true for both masures of poverty line, i.e., 15 per cent and 40 per cent. Thus, we conclude that female headship can be a better targetting indicator for poverty alleviation in rural Orissa. The results further suggest that the use of resources are significantly different between the two types of households. Labour force participation data indicate that female heads are more likely to work in the market place than women who are spouses of male heads of household. The differences are large: on average 74 per cent verus 54 per cent. The comparison of household expenditures indicates that, female-headed households spend relatively less on higher quality food items such as meat, vegetables, milk and other dairy products. However, there is some evidence that they spend less on personal consumption such as alcoholic beverages. Overall, the differences are pronounced between these households. Finally, the findings show that children in female-headed households are disadvantaged both in terms of access to social services and actual welfare outcomes.female headship, poverty, child welfare, gender,differential resource use, social services, household
Surfaces with Patterned Wettability: Design and Applications.
No full textSurfaces with patterned wettability have well-defined domains containing both wettable and non-wettable regions. One of the key features of the surfaces with patterned wettability is their ability to localize wetting of liquids preferentially within the patterned wettable regions. This ability of the patterned surfaces has been widely explored as a simple route to pattern both liquids, as well as, solids for various applications such as microfluidics, electronic and optical devices, surfaces with enhanced heat transfer properties, etc. However, most of the patterned surfaces exhibit wettability contrast only with high surface tension liquids such as water, thereby limiting the applications of the patterned surfaces to only aqueous systems.
Herein, we utilize the design principles of superomniphobicity (repellency towards all liquids) to develop the first-ever patterned superomniphobic-superomniphilic surfaces that exhibit extremely wettability contrast with both high and low surface tension liquids. Utilizing these patterned surfaces, we demonstrate site-selective self-assembly of various liquids including: oils, alcohols, polymer solutions and solid dispersions. We also demonstrate site-selective condensation and boiling with low surface tension liquids, which is crucial when designing surfaces with significantly enhanced, phase-change, heat-transfer properties. We have further utilized surfaces with patterned wettability as templates for fabricating monodisperse, multi-phasic micro- and nano-particles. The developed technique termed WETS (Wettability Engendered Templated Self-assembly) provides us with an unprecedented ability to manufacture multi-phasic particles, on a large-scale, with precise control over the size (down to 25 nm), shape, chemistry and surface charge of the particles. We further demonstrate the utility of the WETS technique in developing amphiphilic building blocks for self-assembly and multi-functional cargo carriers. Finally, we have also studied stimuli-responsive shape reconfigurations of the multi-phasic WETS particles. Overall, this dissertation puts forward design principles for developing surfaces with patterned wettability that are universal to almost all liquids, thus enabling novel applications for the patterned surfaces, such as the WETS technique reported here.PhDMacromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116726/1/saireddy_1.pd
Inefficiency and institutional issues in the provision of merit goods: A case study of public water supply in rural Kerala
No full textThis paper discusses the issues of inefficiency in the provision of merit goods, taking the case of public water supply in rural Kerala. The analysis has identified two source of inefficiency in the provision of merit good. First, is due to the fact that the state and its agencies autonomously decide the nature and characteristics of the merit good. If the nature of good provided is not preferred by the people, or its consumption require effort on the part of citizens, these may lead to the non-consumption of the good by a large number of people. Thus, the definition of safe water as pipe water (from a centralised system) in the case of Kerala, lead to its effective non-use by a significant part of rural population. The second source of inefficiency in the provision of merit good, is in the selection of the institutional framework. The acquisition and free distribution of water by the state agency, is the prevailing institutional framework in Kerala, and this is inappropriate in efficiently solving the drinking water problem of different localities, taking their specific characteristics into account. The paper outlines a logical framework, which can be used to identify the necessary mechanism of government intervention in water supply in different localities.merit good; rural water supply; institutional choice and inefficiency; new institutional economics; Kerala
Government intervention in industrial R & D: Some lessons from the international experience for India
No full textThere is now substantial empirical evidence, based essentially on the experience of developed countries, that there is underinvestment in industrial R&D consequent to the gradual withdrawal of the state. It is generally observed that government can solve this problem of underinvestment in two ways: by increasing the profits of innovators, or by undertaking R&D in areas where the private sector underinvests. An examination of the nature of government intervention in developed countries show that it is increasingly moving towards the latter variety. However, contrary to normal impression, the extent of government intervention in industrial R&D in India is of the former variety. The state has been using tax incentives as the major instrument for stimulating R&D by production enterprises. Direct grants, which has become the dominant instrument of intervention in the west, is considered to be better as it can be targeted towards specific projects. In fact the efficacy of tax incentives to encourage R&D requires further scrutiny. The state in India also have to intervene for making available technically trained manpower to engage in industrial R&D radically redesigning the higher education system, by improving the incentive system for those working in the R&D system etc. The paper thus underscores the fact that there is enough space for the Indian state to increase its interventionist role in industrial research contrary to the arguments for its gradual withdrawal.appropriability, government intervention, industrial R&D system, technology policy
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