1,720,986 research outputs found
An investigation into the practical use of Decision Support and Expert Systems in the UK accounting profession
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Organisational experts - the social context of expertise
No full textDecision support system (DSS) and expert system (ES) construction attempts to make organisational expertise more widely available. Yet the prevailing paradigm of expertise employed is essentially that it is a uni-dimensional orgnisational resource, much as any other. This paper takes a contrasting, holistic approach, examining the ways in which human experts and their expertise are systemically integrated into organisations. The socio-political nature of expertise and the resultant power structures are considered and the implications for expert systems and decision support systems examined. A systems and OR perspective highlights neglected aspects of DSS and ES implementation. Resumo: Um dos objectivos dos Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão e Sistemas Periciais é a disseminação de conhecimentos especializados existentes nas organizações. No entanto, o paradigma prevalecente do uso de conhecimentos especializados nas organizações, é essencialmente o mesmo que o do uso de outro qualquer recurso organizacional uni-dimensional. Em contraste, este artigo segue uma aproximação holística, examinando as formas como os especialistas humanos e os seus conhecimentos são sistematicamente integrados nas organizações. A natureza sócio-política dos conhecimentos especializados e as estruturas de poder daí resultantes são consideradas e as suas implicações para Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão e Sistemas Periciais examinadas. Uma perspectiva sistemática e de investigação operacional realça alguns aspectos, negligenciados, na implementação de Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão e Sistemas Periciais
Decision-making, risk and gender: Are managers different?
No full textThis paper explores differences in the nature of decisions taken by males and females. Women are playing an increasingly important role in business management and managers are ultimately tested and evaluated in terms of their success in making decisions. Consequently any difference in the character and quality of decisions taken by male and female managers will have important implications for organizations. This paper reviews the literature, and reports two pieces of empirical work which investigate the connections between gender and decision making. The decision-making characteristics of males and females in a 'non-managerial' population in which the majority of individuals have not undergone formal management education are contrasted with a 'managerial' population of potential and actual managers who have undertaken such education. It is argued that women are often excluded from managerial positions of authority and leadership due to stereotypes, which have been constructed by observing 'non-managerial' populations at large. The paper concludes, however, that these stereotypes may not apply to managers as in the 'managerial' sub-population males and females display similar risk propensity and make decisions of equal quality
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