1,720,989 research outputs found
Impulso al cultivo de hongos comestibles y medicinales en el sudoeste y costa atlántica bonaerenses
No full textEsta exposición tiene como fin dar a conocer los objetivos y actividades en referidas al desarrollo del proyecto “Impulso al cultivo de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales en el Sudoeste y Costa Atlántica Bonaerenses”.Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaI Reunión Nacional de Micología y sus Aplicaciones en el Ámbito AgrícolaMar del PlataArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad y BiotecnologíaAgencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológic
Grifola gargal and G. sordulenta, Two Wild Edible Mushrooms with Perspectives as Biotech Products
Get PDFGrifola gargal Singer and Grifola sordulenta Mont. (Singer) are two edible and medicinal mushroom species which occur in the Andino- Patagonian forests of Argentina and Chile. These woods that mainly consist of Nothofagus spp. are under increasing pressure with the consequent need of finding alternative sources for these mushrooms rather than gathering them. The main interest in these species is their culinary properties, which include a characteristic almond flavor present in the basidiomes, mycelium from submerged culture and solid-state fermented substrates, as well as the closely related Grifola frondosa , a well-known medicinal mushroom. In recent years G. gargal and G. sordulenta have been studied for both their medicinal properties and culture conditions by researchers from Argentina, Chile, Japan and USA. However, neither industrial application nor commercial production has been undertaken. In this situation, a relevant role for fermentation technologies to develop possible future products from these wild-grown mushrooms is emphasized. Indeed, biotransformed wheat grains obtained through solid-state fermentation showed antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities which were comparable with those recorded from mycelium and basidiomes. The article comments on the up-to-date findings and state of research of these novel species, emphasizing some future research topics.Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin
Bioeconomy with edible and medicinal mushrooms: the link of the residual substrate
No full textLas transformaciones del sustrato lignocelulósico realizadas por el micelio de hongos comestibles y medicinales en los entornos productivos permiten obtener un producto principal, los basidiomas (fructificaciones), así como la biomasa biotransformadaque combina derivados poliméricos funcionales del sustrato de partida, con el micelio senescente y moléculas específicas, tales como enzimas. El enfoque tradicional de optimizar sólo aspectos referidos a la producción de basidiomas ha ido cambiando e incorporando principios de la economía circular en búsqueda de optimizar -junto con la producción- las propiedades resultantes del “sustrato residual del cultivo de hongos”. Las investigaciones dirigidas a balancear la fermentación en estado sólido con doble propósito, aspiran a conseguir sinergias que promuevan la bioeconomía, llegando al efecto conocido como “residuo cero”. Las variables en juego son la caracterización y selección de biomasa y suplementos, el uso de aditivos, la selección de cepas y el manejo de las condiciones de cultivo. Algunas aplicaciones en tal sentido ya tienen una tecnología optimizada, como es el caso de matrices para biorremediación, biomateriales, compostaje, mientras que en otros casos, los usos de las mismas son incipientes y están en fases conceptuales o prototipos, por ejemplo su utilización como forrajes, la extracción de enzimas y la obtención de moléculas específicas de pirólisis. Esta presentación propone la discusión de los alcances posibles de tales aplicaciones dentro de la producción de basidiomas a nivel urbano y/o periurbano.Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaIII Reunión Argentina de MicologíaCórdobaArgentinaAsociación Micológica Carlos SpegazziniFundación Hongos de Argentina para la Sustentabilida
Solid-state fermentation of cereal grains and sunflower seed hulls by Grifola gargal and Grifola sordulenta
Get PDFGrifola gargalandGrifola sordulentaare edible and medicinal mushrooms from Andino-Patagonian forests. There is a need tofind an alternative source for these mushrooms other than gathering them due toincreasing pressure on their habitats. Thus, in order tofind an appropriate technological pathway to growthese mushrooms, solid-state fermentation (SSF) in different substrates was studied. Mycelia cultivationon grains exhibited the best results when using wheat grains at pH 5.3, 24C, in darkness. When usingsunflower seed hulls (SSH) the protein content of the growth medium increased significantly after 45days SSF and a good laccase activity was measured. Further mycelium growth optimization was achievedin the presence of 0.01 N H2SO4,20mg/g Mn(II) and 100mg/g Zn(II) inG. gargal(50% SSH and 30% milledSSH, 15% residual substrate ofPleurotus ostreatus, and 5% wheat bran) and in G. sordulenta(80% SSH, 15%residual substrate of P. ostreatusand 5% wheat bran). Present preliminary studies on basidiome production showed that cultivation conditions should require at least a sterile substrate, 10e12 % inoculationrate, cold shock for primordia induction, and control from air borne contamination.Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); ArgentinaFil: Curvetto, Nestor Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentin
In Vitro Studies of Secondary Metabolite−Related Responses in Some Species of Genus Grifola (Agaricomycetes) from Argentina
Get PDFGrifola gargal Singer and Grifola sordulenta (Mont.) Singer mushrooms are related to Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, which is well known for its medicinal properties. In vitro studies were performed to find a useful guide for optimizing the environmental parameters through biotransformation of lignocellulosic materials and basidiome development, also considering secondary metabolism−related responses (SMRRs) associated with these processes and the variability among species and strains; this optimization is necessary to make the mushroom's industrial cultivation profitable. Morphological features of mycelial cultures revealed that intraspecific variability was of taxonomic relevance. A low ligninolytic capacity in studied Grifola species was observed when compared with 2 control species: G. frondosa and Ganoderma lucidum. Experiments with nutrient media containing different carbohydrate sources indicated that G. gargal mycelia grew better in xylulose and G. sordulenta, in xylulose or cellulose; in addition, the latter species presented cellobiose dehydrogenase activity. An additional study of SMRRs under different light conditions (aroma, pigmentation, and morphogenic manifestations) showed that white light was better than blue, green, or red-filtered light at inducing advanced SMRRs. The results of SMRR stimulation are proposed as useful guidance for optimizing the environmental parameters for bioprocesses aimed at metabolite production.Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Curvetto, Nestor Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentin
Accumulation patterns of phenolic compounds during fruit growth and ripening of Berberis buxifolia, a native Patagonian species
Get PDFThe accumulation patterns of phenolic compounds during fruit growth and ripening of Berberis buxifolia and their correlations were studied to determine the optimal time and conditions needed to obtain maximum phenolic content. Anthocyanin content increased from 1.7 to a maximum of 752.7 mg·100 g−1 FW at the end of ripening, while the flavonoid content was maximal in unripe fruits [604.0 mg (+)-catechin equivalents·100 g−1 FW]. Total phenolic compounds decreased from 968.1 to a minimum of 746.3 mg gallic acid equivalents·100 g−1 FW just as soluble solids started to accumulate; a maximum of 1522.9 mg gallic acid equivalents·100 g−1 FW was attained at the end of ripening. Both variables (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect and reducing power) were maximum in unripe fruits, and decreased during the ripening period, although the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect increased again towards the end of this period. The accumulation patterns of phenols varied depending on the specific group of compounds considered, and could be correlated with fruit quality.Fil: Arena, Miriam Elisabet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); ArgentinaFil: Curvetto, Nestor Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentin
Enhancement of wheat grains antioxidant activity by solid state fermentation with Grifola spp.
Get PDFGrifola frondosa, Grifola gargal, and Grifola sordulenta are edible and medicinal mushrooms with antioxidant properties. To obtain wheat flour (Wf ) with a higher antioxidant activity than the one exhibited by regular Wf, solid state fermentation (SSF) of wheat grains with mycelia of those Grifola spp. was used to obtain biotransformed wheat grain (BWG) flour. The methanolic extract of control Wf and BWG flour of G. gargal, G. sordulenta, and G. frondosa (Gf WG, GgWG, and GsWG, respectively) were studied for their radical scavenging (RS) activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH) and their Fe(III) reducing power (RP). The values for RS-EC50 decreased in BWG flour, therefore presenting a higher antioxidant activity: GgWG (0.56 mg/mL), Gf WG (0.81 mg/mL), and GsWG (5.80 mg/mL) in comparison to Wf (57.60 mg/ mL). The antioxidant content for this RS activity in terms of ascorbic acid content (RS-EQAA) was highest in Gf WG, followed by GgWG and GsWG (71.73, 14.46, and 3.02 mg/g, respectively) and lowest in Wf (0.25 mg/g). The RP-EC50 values in GgWG, Gf WG, and GsWG were low (0.55, 0.64, and 4.20 mg/mL, respectively) with respect to Wf (55.00 mg/mL). Compared with Wf (0.56 mg/g), the RP capacity in terms of ascorbic acid content (RP-EQAA) was very high in Gf WG (193.67 mg/g) followed by GgWG and GsWG (31.42 and 8.74 mg/g, respectively). The high content in gallic acid equivalents was consistent with RS-EQAA and RP-EQAA contents. TLC revealed that antioxidant activity in BWG could be related to the presence of phenolic compounds. Thus, a valuable food alternative can easily be obtained with wheat grains, that is, by markedly increasing their antioxidant value through SSF with Grifola spp.Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Curvetto, Nestor Raul. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentin
Biotransformation of rice and sunflower side-streams by monosporic strains of Pleurotus sapidus in a biorefinery approach
No full textApplication of white-rot fungi solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulosic biomass are enzyme-related bioprocess conceived as a sustainable way to deal with huge amounts of residues (Omarini et al., 2015). Its advantages are a low environmental impact, a simple increase of scale and a reasonable use of water (Postemsky et al., 2017).Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Bidegain, Maximiliano Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Lahore, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Universitat Bremen. School of Enigineerring and Science Jacobs; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina9th International Congress on Biocatalysis (Biocat2018)HamburgoAlemaniaHamburg University of Technolog
From agro-waste to tool: biotechnological characterization and application of Ganoderma lucidum E47 laccase in dye decolorization
No full textThe culture of fungal species from agro-waste allows for the sustainable preparation of valuable biotechnological products and contributes to establish the Circular Economy concept. The Ganoderma lucidum species is well known as producer of laccases (EC 1.10.3.2), which serves as a tool to oxidize chemicals. When producing G. lucidum E47 basidiomes with edible purposes out of rice crop residues, its laccase remains as by-product. In this work, we report the biotechnological characterization and application of the laccase recovered from spent cultures of the G. lucidum E47 strain. We detected at least one polypeptide (ca. 59 kDa) which displays attractive activity and stability values when used in the range of 18–45 °C in mildly acidic environment (pH 4.8–5.8). These parameters can be enhanced in the presence of organic cosolvents such as butyl acetate and methyl iso-butyl ketone, but the opposite effect is observed with solvents of lower log P. The best activity–stability performance is reached when the biocatalyst is used in pH 4.8 buffer with 5% (v/v) butyl acetate at 37 °C. The laccase was capable of decolorizing xanthene, azo and triarylmethane dyes, exhibiting excellent selectivity on bromocresol green and bromocresol purple. Furthermore, the biocatalyst displayed an attractive activity when assessed for the decolorization of bromocresol green in a proof-of-concept effluent biotreatment.Fil: Palazzolo, Martín Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Kurina Sanz, Marcela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; Argentin
Applications of mushrooms residual substrate in horticultural production
Get PDFEl cultivo de hongos comestibles y medicinales crece y a su paso genera considerables volúmenes de sustrato degradado por hongos (SDH). Dicho cultivo implica una fermentación en estado sólido(FES), con aparición de metabolitos fúngicos y la consecuente biodegradación de materiales lignocelulósicos. La FES acelera la mineralización de la materia orgánica; como resultado, el SDH final es más estable que el sustrato original. Las propiedades del SDH dependen en gran medida de si, previo a la inoculación del hongo, el sustrato es compostado o sólo descontaminado. El primer caso aplica a hongos más exigentes en cuanto a componentes orgánicos de la materia. El segundo, a especies más adaptables a diferentes materiales, a su vez las más adoptadas por pequeños y medianos productores. Finalizado el cultivo, el SDH se retira del lugar de producción. Dependiendo de su uso ulterior, habrá que disponerlo bajo ciertas condiciones de almacenamiento y adecuación fisico química. Para su uso en horticultura es especialmente necesaria la reducción del tamaño de partícula y la dilución del exceso de sales. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo general poner en relieve el potencial de los SDH como recurso valioso. En particular, se describen sus propiedades físicas y químicas y sus aplicaciones en sistemas de producción hortícola. Entre éstas destacan: sustrato para plantines, enmienda de suelos y biofertilizante.The cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms generates large volumes of substrate degraded by fungi (SDF). Mushroom cultivation implies a solid-state fermentation (SSF) with production of fungal metabolites and the consequent biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials. SSF accelerates organic matter mineralization; therefore, at the end of the cultivation cycle, SDH has greater stability than the original substrate. SDF properties depend largely on whether prior to inoculation of the mushroom species, the starting substrate is composted or just decontaminated. In the first case, the cultivated mushroom species are more substrate-sensitive. In the latter, the mushroom species used are more substrateadaptable, and are the most widely adopted by small and medium-sized producers as well. After mushroom cultivation, SDF is removed from the production site. Henceforth, depending on its further use, certain storage conditions should be observed, and physical and/or chemical conditioning is usually needed. In horticulture, particle size reduction and dilution of excess salts, by mixing with other materials or leaching, are especially required. The aim of this review is to highlight SDF’s potential as a valuable resource. Particularly, the physical and chemical properties of SDF reported in the literature are summarized, and its different uses evaluated in horticultural systems are described. Among these are: substrate for seedlings, soil amendment and biofertilizer.Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; ArgentinaFil: López Castro, Ramón Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; Argentin
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