86,540 research outputs found
[Medico-legal investigation of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): differential diagnosis between natural and unnatural death].
No full textThe sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden dead of every infant or small child (usually within the first year of life). It is an unexpected event, according to the anamnesis of the subject, and the necroscopic examination of the event does not allow to demonstrate with success the proper cause of death. The careful forensic medical appraisal of the death scene and the clinician and anamnestic data, together with the anatomoistopatologic findings, are essential elements to make a correct diagnosis and discriminate between natural and violent causes of death, even if with remarkable interpretative difficulties. Only in rare cases (with variable statistical data), in spite of the scrupulous application of the surveying protocol, it is not possible to define the exact cause of the death. In these cases, generally characterized by an unspecific anossic anatomopathologic picture, the accepted diagnosis of death is exactly that of SIDS, reasoning by elimination. The study of the phenomenon must be based on a multidisciplinary approach, in which the legal surgeon's cooperation with other specialists, such as the anatomopathologist and the pediatrician, plays an important role
Management of HBV reactivation in non-oncological patients
No full textIntroduction: HBV reactivation (HBVr) in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy is a well-known event. While there are clear directives on the management of current or resolved HBV infection in onco-hematological diseases, there are few data regarding patients with non-oncological diseases. Thus, the aim of the present review is to evaluate HBVr in patients with non-oncological diseases, and identify the management of these patients to prevent HBVr. Areas covered: Original papers, case reports and meta-analyses reporting data on HBVr of current or resolved infection in gastrointestinal, dermatological, rheumatologic and neurological diseases were evaluated. Expert commentary: In HBsAg-positive subjects, those with HBV-related hepatitis (both HBeAg-positive or negative) should be treated with a high genetic barrier nucleos(t)ide analog. The patients with HBV-infection (both HBeAg-positive and negative) an antiviral prophylaxis should be used, with lamivudine in those HBeAg-negative without signs of advanced liver disease, and with ETV, TDF or TAF in all the HBeAg-positive or in those HBeAg-negative with signs of advanced liver disease. In HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc positive subjects, when the risk of HBV reactivation is moderate (use of B-cell depleting agents), a prophylaxis-strategy may be considered; instead, in those with low risk of HBVr, a pre-emptive therapy strategy may be used
Omessa comunicazione del risultato di un’indagine strumentale: la responsabilità professionale del medico refertatore
No full textMancata diagnosi di infarto seguita da decesso Responsabilità professionale del medico di base
No full textA fatal case of streptococcal and meningococcal meningitis in a 2-years-old child occurring as Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome.
No full textWe report a fatal case of streptococcal and meningococcal meningitis in a
previously healthy 2-year-old child, a simultaneous co-infection of both
pathogens that is poorly reported in the reviewed literature. The lack of a
clinical diagnosis in addition to the medico-legal aspects arising from possible professional liability for the emergency service doctor who had failed to recognize the child's symptoms led to a forensic autopsy within 48 h after the death. After external and internal examination, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome (WFS) was suspected. Consequently, cerebrospinal fluid, whole blood, nasal and pharyngeal swab and pleural liquid samples were selected and collected for microbiological studies. All tested samples resulted Neisseria meningitidis DNA and Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA positive. The NM genotyping Real-Time PCR resulted positive for NM serotype C. Microscopic histological study confirmed these findings. We underline that when a patient presents fever and petechiae (50-60% of patients), WFS must be considered, even when the patient has a non-toxic appearance. Due to its rapid progression and often devastating consequences, therapy should be started as soon as WFS is suspected. Emphasis should also be placed on the importance of public education programs and on broadening protection against meningitis through new vaccines. In such cases, from a forensic point of view, there is a strong need for a robust, multidisciplinary approach in order to reach the correct post-mortem diagnosis
The need for an interdisciplinary approach in forensic sciences: perspectives from a peculiar case of mummification.
No full textVariations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Il bambino con patologia ostruttiva delle alte vie aeree: inquadramento clinico, diagnostico e terapeutico.
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