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Type-2 severe asthma comorbidities in the era of biologics: time to rethink clinical response?
No full textIntroductionThe use of monoclonal antibodies in patients with severe asthma has led clinicians to explore new levels of clinical improvement, as testified by the growing interest on clinical remission achievement. In this context, a major role is played by asthma-related comorbidities, which can influence asthma pathophysiology and treatment response. Areas coveredIn this special report, we highlighted how asthma-related comorbidities could deeply affect monoclonal antibody response as well as clinical remission achievement. As examples, we provided data from clinical trials and real-life experiences involving patients with severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) or bronchiectasis. Expert OpinionComorbidities associated with severe asthma development should be carefully assessed in everyday clinical practice, even with the help of new diagnostic technologies, artificial intelligence and multidisciplinary teams. Future studies should address the role of comorbidities in remission achievement, describing how these diseases could generate new trajectories of clinical and functional response in patient treated with monoclonal antibodies
Reply to “Have we reached our final destination with biologics in severe uncontrolled asthma?”
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Can single-inhaler Beclometasone Dipropionate/Formoterol Fumarate/Glycopyrronium therapy postpone or save biologics for severe asthma?
No full text: Inhaled corticosteroids, along with beta2-agonists and anti-muscarinics, represent the cornerstone of asthma treatment. Although the advent of monoclonal antibodies has dramatically changed severe asthma management, there are still patients ineligible or with poor response to biologics. Moreover, high costs associated with monoclonal antibodies prescription are still an open issue, leading clinicians to carefully assess cost-benefit ratio before their administration. From this perspective, the use of single-inhaler Beclometasone Dipropionate/Formoterol Fumarate/Glycopyrronium in patients with severe asthma could not only improve their clinical and functional performance, but also postpone biologic prescription, with positive repercussions on healthcare costs
Super-Responders to Biologic Treatment in Type 2–High Severe Asthma: Passing Fad or a Meaningful Phenotype?
No full text: Defining super-response to biologic treatment is a major concern in severe asthma. Although many definitions have been proposed, there is still a gap between the clinical perception of the super-response and a standardized classification. The current definition of super-response mainly relies on several clinical features, while many aspects of severe asthma inflammation and lung function are still poorly considered. Furthermore, many criteria of severe asthma super-response overlap with those of the clinical remission, leaving room for possible misclassifications. In this context, identifying the correct trajectory linking these 2 aspects of type 2-high severe asthma could help clinicians to understand which factors can predict a greater response to biologic therapies. In this paper, we review various aspects of super-response assessment, proposing some new criteria for its definition as well as new perspectives on its relationship with severe asthma clinical remission
Advancing Care in Severe Asthma: The Art of Switching Biologics
Full text linkBiologics targeting IgE, IL-5, IL-4/IL-13, and TSLP are crucial in severe asthma treatment. Research, including randomized controlled trials and real-world studies, has been conducted to assess their efficacy and identify patient characteristics that may predict positive responses. The effectiveness of switching biologics, especially given overlaps in treatment eligibility, and the clinical outcomes post-cessation are critical areas of investigation. This work reviews the effects of switching between these biologics and the indicators of treatment success or failure. Insights are primarily derived from real-world experiences, focusing on patients transitioning from one monoclonal antibody to another. Moreover, this review aims to provide insights into the effectiveness, safety, and broader implications of switching biologics, enhancing understanding for clinicians to optimize severe asthma management. The article underlines the importance of a patient-centered approach, biomarker assessment, and the evolving nature of asthma treatment in making informed decisions about biologic therapy
Why Every Asthma Patient Tells a Different Story
No full textAsthma has traditionally been viewed as a single disease, but recent research reveals its clinical and molecular complexity. This perspective highlights the need to shift from a traditional, uniform treatment paradigm to one that embraces the heterogeneity of asthma across individuals. Each patient presents a unique clinical story shaped by a complex interplay of genetic predispositions, developmental programming during critical early-life windows, the influence of sex and hormones, and lifelong environmental exposures. Asthma comprises multiple subtypes with distinct clinical and biological features. Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as obesity and smoking, along with highly prevalent comorbidities like allergic rhinitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, significantly modify the disease’s course and response to treatment. This article explores how classifying the disease into clinical phenotypes (observable characteristics) and molecular endotypes (underlying mechanisms)—particularly the distinction between T2-high and T2-low inflammation—provides a crucial framework for managing this complexity. The application of this framework, guided by biomarkers, has enabled the development of targeted biologic therapies that can transform care for specific patient subgroups. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain. The pathophysiology of certain subgroups, particularly non-T2 asthma, remains poorly defined, and there is an urgent need for reliable predictive biomarkers to guide therapy and monitor outcomes. It is our opinion that future studies must adopt a systems-biology strategy, with a multi-omics approach that constructs a comprehensive molecular profile of each patient. This integrative methodology will require the use of advanced computational methods, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, to decipher the complex pathways linking genetic and environmental inputs to clinical disease. In conclusion, this article argues for a more personalized understanding of asthma, urging clinicians and researchers to consider each patient’s unique clinical presentation
Advancing precision medicine for asthma by focusing on type 2 cytokines and alarmins
No full textPurpose of reviewAsthma is a heterogeneous disease encompassing distinct phenotypes and endotypes. Advances in elucidating the pathogenic role of type 2 (T2) cytokines and epithelial-derived alarmins have profoundly reshaped our understanding of airway inflammation in asthma. This review provides an updated perspective on how these mediators contribute to asthma pathobiology and examines their integration into emerging precision medicine strategies.Recent findingsBiologic agents targeting T2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and alarmins (TSLP and IL-33) have demonstrated efficacy across a broad spectrum of severe asthma phenotypes. Recent evidence underscores the central role of alarmins in orchestrating both innate and adaptive immune responses within the airways. In parallel, the development of alarmin-associated molecular and clinical biomarkers is expanding patient stratification beyond traditional eosinophilic and allergic profiles.SummaryAdvancing our understanding of alarmins and T2 cytokines offers new opportunities to refine asthma endotyping, personalize therapeutic decisions, and pursue sustained disease remission. Future directions include the integration of multiomics, real-world evidence, and novel biomarker platforms to consolidate the next phase of precision medicine in asthma and optimize long-term disease modification strategies.</p
Divergences in chronic cough management among healthcare professionals in Southern Italy: A comprehensive survey
No full textINTRODUCTION Chronic cough (CC) presents a widespread and intricate challenge for diagnosis and treatment, revealing a significant lack of information on medical strategies. This study aims to gather insights from different practitioners in Southern Italy regarding their views and methodologies towards CC. METHODS The investigation engaged 102 medical practitioners from Southern Italy, encompassing 23 general practitioners, 30 pulmonologists, 25 allergologists, and 24 otolaryngologists. It examined their understanding, attitudes, and approaches towards managing CC, with an emphasis on diagnostic processes, treatment preferences, and adherence to guidelines. RESULTS The findings highlight distinct variations in the management of chronic cough among different medical specialists. Notably, otolaryngologists and pulmonologists tend to categorize chronic cough as lasting for more extended periods than allergists and general practitioners. Pulmonologists, in particular, are more prone to suggest chest X-rays for chronic cough patients, reflecting their focus on lung-related conditions. In terms of the primary causes of CC, allergists and pulmonologists often attribute it to asthma, general practitioners to gastro-esophageal reflux disease, and otolaryngologists to upper airways cough syndrome. Pulmonologists are also observed to have the most comprehensive awareness of the various conditions associated with coughing, which is likely due to their specialization in respiratory health. CONCLUSIONS The research underscores the necessity for enhanced education and standardized procedures among healthcare providers in Southern Italy for managing CC, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and customized treatment plans to improve the outcomes for patients with CC and guide future therapeutic strategies
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