179,320 research outputs found

    Conceptualising and managing trade-offs in sustainability assessment

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    One of the defining characteristics of sustainability assessment as a form of impact assessment is that it provides a forum for the explicit consideration of the trade-offs that are inherent in complex decision-making processes. Few sustainability assessments have achieved this goal though, and none has considered trade-offs in a holistic fashion throughout the process. Recent contributions such as the Gibson trade-off rules have significantly progressed thinking in this area by suggesting appropriate acceptability criteria for evaluating substantive trade-offs arising from proposed development, as well as process rules for how evaluations of acceptability should occur. However, there has been negligible uptake of these rules in practice. Overall, we argue that there is inadequate consideration of trade-offs, both process and substantive, throughout the sustainability assessment process, and insufficient considerations of how process decisions and compromises influence substantive outcomes. This paper presents a framework for understanding and managing both process and substantive trade-offs within each step of a typical sustainability assessment process. The framework draws together previously published literature and offers case studies that illustrate aspects of the practical application of the framework. The framing and design of sustainability assessment are vitally important, as process compromises or trade-offs can have substantive consequences in terms of sustainability outcomes delivered, with the choice of alternatives considered being a particularly significant determinant of substantive outcomes. The demarcation of acceptable from unacceptable impacts is a key aspect of managing trade-offs. Offsets can be considered as a form of trade-off within a category of sustainability that are utilised to enhance preferred alternatives once conditions of impact acceptability have been met. In this way they may enable net gains to be delivered; another imperative for progress to sustainability. Understanding the nature and implications of trade-offs within sustainability assessment is essential to improving practice

    Pope, P. A.

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    The good Pope : British reactions to the Papacy of Pius IX, 1846-52

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    From the time of the Reformation in England Anglo-vatican relations have typically been seen as a long history of unending antagonism. It is not common knowledge that in the period between 1846 and 1851 there was a notable, if temporary, lull in this animosity and even talk of establishing full diplomatic relations. This thesis aims to account for this thaw in tensions and to analyse the British response to the early 'liberal' years of Pope Pius IX, not only looking at government policy but also the attitude of the British public towards the new Pope. In addition, this study sets out not only to look at individual issues, such as the Risorgimento, the history of the Roman Catholic Church in England and the Irish question, but seeks to explain the interplay between them in order to come to a fuller understanding of British policy. This thesis reveals that British policy was based on the need to achieve a number of goals, such as a peaceful solution to the political crisis in the Italian peninsula and the curbing of the Irish agitation, and that it was held that an enlightened Pope could help in the fulfilment of these aims. The effort to improve relations in the end failed as it was undermined by an overoptimistic assessment of the Pope's liberalism and failure of the British government to appreciate the depth of anti-Catholic opinion among the British public and their representatives in Parliament. The result was that this short thaw in relations came to an abrupt end

    The poetical works of Alexander Pope, with a memoir.

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    "Memoir of Pope, by the Rev. Alexander Dyce:" v. 1, p. [v]-cxl.Mode of access: Internet

    Diderot lecteur d'Alexander Pope

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    L'essai porte sur la lecture que Diderot a fait du poème d'Alexander Pope, "An Essay on Man", dans sa jeunesse. L'étude se développe à partir d'une confrontation avec le manuscrit autographe de Diderot des annotations qu'il a fait à partir du texte de Pope. Par cette analyse intertextuelle on peut suivre le parcours de développement de la pensée déiste du jeune philosophe, qui conteste l'affirmation optimiste de Pope, sous la loupe de Leibniz: "Tout est bien". La pensée critique du philosophe de l'Encyclopédie se forme à partir de ces refléxions de jeunesse

    Buying unlicensed slimming drugs from the Web: a virtual ethnography

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    The aim of this study was to describe and understand the purchase of unlicensed slimming drugs via the Web. This paper draws on social theory, specifically theories used within criminology to inform the analysis of Web purchasing of slimming medicines. Virtual ethnographic techniques, including non-participant observation of three Web forums were used, along with interviews with key stakeholders involved in medicines regulation in the UK. This paper presents the findings from a thematic analysis of text obtained from the forums. These indicate that particular aspects of The Web allow a new route to purchasing unlicensed medicine and appear to circumvent some of the threats and sanctions associated with illegal drug purchases. Accessibility is provided to those who previously would not have engaged in such activities. It is suggested that this may constitute a new method of conducting deviant behavior

    Starting as a researcher in mathematics education

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    This paper reviews some of the issues related to beginning as a researcher in mathematics education. It looks at what helps, and at what might be some of the pitfalls. One key issue that emerges is the role of reflexivity in developing as a researcher - reflecting on how your own background, values, perceptions and behaviour can influence the research you carry out. Advice and illustrative stories are included which may be useful to those new to mathematics education research, especially those newly appointed as tutors in initial teacher education

    Thomas Jefferson Memorial

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    View within the colonnade of the rotunda looking up; Composed of circular marble steps, a portico, a circular colonnade of Ionic order columns, and a shallow dome, the building is open to the elements. Pope made references to the Roman Pantheon and Jefferson's own design for the Rotunda at the University of Virginia. It is situated in West Potomac Park, on the shore of the Tidal Basin of the Potomac River. "The Jefferson Memorial (1935-1943), was finished posthumously by Otto R. Eggers and Daniel P. Higgins." Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 2/7/2008
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