1,721,002 research outputs found
Guilt and shame conceptualizations updated: involvement versus detachment in failure and transgression situations.
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Research on Culture in Psychology: Taking Stock and Looking Forward
No full textAbstractCross-cultural psychology, in both its culture-comparative and its cultural traditions, has been a highly successful enterprise; it has been instrumental in establishing context variation as an essential factor in the study of behavior and has led to a large volume of publications with culture as a key term. At the same time, the question arises whether the further accumulation of findings of often small differences between groups will continue to be a worthwhile pursuit, or whether it is time for a reorientation. Here two widespread assumptions of research on behavior and culture are discussed that are likely to be unsustainable: (i) a focus on cross-cultural differences at the cost of cultural invariance, (ii) the presumed psychological coherence of cultures, especially national cultures, reflected in major dimensions of differences in psychological functioning. It is argued that also emerging methods in cultural neuropsychology continue to place too much emphasis on cross-cultural differences and cultural coherence. With a view to reorientation two ideas are explored: (i) culture-comparative research needs an explicit focus on what humans as a species have in common (psychological invariance) and (ii) explanatory frameworks should have a better theoretical foundation. Research traditions in biology are mentioned that can provide a source of inspiration to researchers in cross-cultural psychology. One such tradition is classical ethology as outlined by Tinbergen (1963) who proposed that in the analysis of behavior patterns researchers should be asking multiple questions about the immediate context (cause), function, ontogenetic development and phylogenetic history
Concept and method in cross-cultural and cultural psychology:Conceptual and methodological issues in cross-cultural and cultural psychology
No full textAn overview is given of cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology, focusing on theory and methodology. In Section 1 historical developments in research are traced; it is found that initially extensive psychological differences tend to shrink when more carefully designed studies are conducted. Section 2 addresses the conceptualization of “culture” and of “a culture”. For psychological research the notion “culture” is considered too vague; more focal explanatory concepts are required. Section 3 describes methodological issues, taking the notion of the empirical cycle as a lead for both qualitative and quantitative research. Pitfalls in research design and data analysis of behavior-comparative studies, and the need for replication are discussed. Section 4 suggests to move beyond research on causal relationships and to incorporate additional questions, addressing the function and the development of behavior patterns in ontogenetic, phylogenetic and historical time. Section 5 emphasizes the need for applied research serving the global village
Cross-cultural comparison of maximum performance tests Some methodological aspects and some experiments with simple auditory and visual stimuli
No full textThe organization of continued professional development
No full textThis comment fully endorses the need for Continued Professional Development (CPD) expressed in the lead article. A possible discrepancy is noted with the EuroPsy regulations and a few questions are raised
Organizacja ustawicznego rozwoju zawodowego
No full textNiniejszy komentarz wyraża pogląd w pełni zgodny z zawartą w artykule dyskusyjnym tezą o potrzebie ustawicznego rozwoju zawodowego (CPD). Autor odnotowuje potencjalną rozbieżność pomiędzy komentowanym artykułem a regulacjami dotyczącymi Europejskiego Certyfikatu Psychologa (EuroPsy) oraz porusza kilka innych kwestii
The status of intelligence as a panhuman construct in cross-cultural psychology
No full textThe presumption underlying this chapter is either that intelligence is a useful psychological concept for all human populations or that its use is to be avoided everywhere. In the first of three sections, we summarize the early—and often abject—history of intelligence testing in cross-cultural context. In the second section, we present a differentiated conceptual and methodological approach to the analysis of psychometric equivalence or invariance in cross-cultural data. In the third section, we link levels of psychometric equivalence to levels of transfer and adaptation of tests for use across populations
Principles and practices of methodology and methods in cross-cultural psychology
No full textPrinciples of methodology in (cross-)cultural psychology are discussed and how these work out in practice. We propose that the frequently mentioned contrasts between context-specificity and universality of psychological functioning, and between qualitative and quantitative research traditions can be transcended by an empirical cycle in which both qualitative methods geared to exploration and quantitative methods geared to testing of hypotheses are acknowledged. We note issues in research due to non-random sampling, lack of psychometric equivalence of data, and nesting of individuals in populations. We argue that concerns about poor reproducibility in psychology cannot be ignored in cross-cultural psychology and make suggestions how research can be improved by treating this not as a threat but as an opportunity to expand cooperation
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