821 research outputs found
Dynamix on the Frame VM: Declarative dynamic semantics on a VM using scopes as frames
No full textOver the years virtual machines (VMs) have been created to abstract over computer hardware. This simplified code generation and allowed for easy portability between hardware platforms. These VMs are however highly tailored to a particular runtime model. This improves the execution speed, but places restrictions on the types of languages that the VM supports. In this thesis the Frame VM was developed as a VM that supports many different types of languages in a principled way. Achieving this is done by basing the VM on language independent models of memory and control flow. Usage of the scopes-as-frames paradigm and control frames resulted in an instruction set that is relatively small at its core, but does allow for the construction of complex control flow. As an effect, many different programming languages can be compiled to the Frame VM. In addition to this VM, a Domain Specific Language (DSL) for executable semantics of programming languages was created. This language, Dynamix, allows for a modular approach to writing the semantics of a language. Additionally, Dynamix provides a meta-compiler that uses these semantics of a language to compile programs to the Frame VM. To validate the Frame VM, direct compilers for Rust and Prolog have been created in a student project and compilers for Scheme and Tiger were created using Dynamix. Using these semantics of Scheme and Tiger, it was possible to execute programs containing usage of call/cc and a suite of Tiger benchmark programs. Furthermore, the control flow of Tiger was extended with exceptions and generator functions. This extension did not require any changes to the existing semantics, showing the modularity of control achieved when using Dynamix and the Frame VM.Computer Scienc
MIME Configurations for Using VM on Emacs
No full textP(論文)Emacsは単なる文書編集アプリケーションではなく、様々な機能をマクロとして附加することができる。本稿では、このEmacsでメールを読み書きするための追加マクロとしてVMを取り上げる。VMでは電子メール本文におけるMIME対応はなされているが、ヘッダにおけるMIME対応はなされていない。本稿では、VMからSEMIを利用し、電子メールヘッダに日本語を利用するためのMIME設定について述べる。当初の目的であるEmacsとVMによる電子メールヘッダにおける日本語のMIME処理は実現できた。ただし、Emacsの版によってはうまく実現できないという情報もある。汎用的な方法を確立するためには、更なる調査が必要である。Emacs is an application software that can be used not only for editing plain texts but also for many other purposes by adding facilities as macros. In this study, VM was used as auxiliary macro for reading and writing e-mails by Emacs. VM has MIME reading and writing ability in the body part of e-mail messages but not in the header part. In this paper, MIME configurations for using SEMI from VM for processingJapanese characters in e-mail headers are described. The goal of this study, i.e., reading and writing MIME messages in header parts, was achieved. However, the author has information that the method described in this paper does not work well with one version of Emacs (Emacs 22). Establishment of a general method is a subject of future work.departmental bulletin pape
Electrostimulation for promoting recovery of movement or functional ability after stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: Electrostimulation might improve motor recovery after stroke by providing neuromuscular re-training. OBJECTIVES: To find if electrostimulation improved functional motor ability, and the ability to undertake activities of daily living. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched August 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2004), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2004), EMBASE (1980 to January 2004), CINAHL (1982 to January 2004), AMED - Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (1985 to January 2004), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), REHABDATA and the ISI Science Citation Index (1981 to 2003). We placed a request on the PHYSIO e-mail discussion list and contacted authors of relevant studies to elicit any unpublished or ongoing studies, searched the reference lists of included trials and contacted trialists. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of electrostimulation delivered to the peripheral neuromuscular system which was designed to improve voluntary movement control, functional motor ability and activities of daily living. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS: Of the 2077 references identified, 24 trials were included in this review. For electrostimulation compared with no treatment this review found that electrostimulation improved some aspects of functional motor ability and some aspects of motor impairment and normality of movement. In addition, there was a significant difference in favour of no treatment compared with electrostimulation for an aspect of functional motor ability. For electrostimulation compared with placebo this review found that electrostimulation improved an aspect of functional motor ability. For electrostimulation compared with conventional physical therapy this review found that electrostimulation improved an aspect of motor impairment. There were no statistically significant differences between electrostimulation and control treatment for all other outcomes. However, these results need to be interpreted with reference to the following: (1) the majority of analyses only contained one trial; (2) variation was found between included trials in time after stroke, level of functional deficit, and dose of electrostimulation; and (3) the possibility of selection and detection bias in the majority of included trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: At present, there are insufficient robust data to inform clinical use of electrostimulation for neuromuscular re-training. Research is needed to address specific questions about the type of electrostimulation that might be most effective, in what dose and at what time after stroke
Physiotherapy treatment approaches for stroke
No full textThere are several different approaches to physiotherapy treatment after stroke. These can broadly be divided into approaches that are based on neurophysiological, motor learning, or orthopaedic principles. Some physiotherapists base their treatment on a single approach, whereas others use a mixture of components from a number of different approaches. The practical application of these approaches can result in substantial differences in patient treatment. At present, the Bobath Approach, based on neurophysiological principles, probably remains the most widely used approach in the Western world.1–5 However, there is a lack of convincing evidence to support any specific physiotherapy treatment approach.3,6 This systematic review aims to assess the effects of physiotherapy treatment if it is based on orthopaedic, motor learning, or neurophysiological principles, or on a mixture of these treatment principles
Flow compensation in a MEMS dual-thermal conductivity detector for hydrogen sensing in natural gas
No full textConventional thermal conductivity detectors (TCDs) demonstrate a flow dependence. The approach presented here to reduce the flow dependence is based on the on-line flow compensation using two thin-film sensors on membranes in parallel on the same chip that are differentially operated. These are laterally identically, but with a different depth of the detection chamber, resulting in different quasi-static sensitivities to the thermal conductivity of the sample gas. The effects of conduction and convection in the structure have been studied using COMSOL Multiphysics. First prototypes have been fabricated and are presently tested.Accepted Author ManuscriptElectronic Instrumentatio
Electrostimulation for promoting recovery of movement or functional ability after stroke
No full text
Effectiveness of treadmill retraining on gait of hemiparetic stroke patients: systematic review of current evidence
No full textBackground Treadmill retraining of gait has been proposed as a useful adjunct to conventional physical therapy to restore ability to walk after stroke. Aim: To inform clinical practice by evaluating the research evidence for the effectiveness of treadmill retraining of gait after stroke. Design: A systematic review. Search strategy: An electronic search of Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Amed and PEDro combined with a hand search of papers published in relevant peer-reviewed journals. Inclusion criteria for and identification of studies: Published, human, English language, controlled studies investigating treadmill retraining of gait for adults with a diagnosis of stroke and hemiplegia. The two authors independently examined the abstracts of studies highlighted to identify those which met the inclusion criteria. Data collection and analysis: Studies which met the inclusion criteria were reviewed by both authors independently and classified into categories: treadmill versus no treatment, treadmill plus partial bodyweight support (PBWS) versus no treatment, treadmill plus PBWS versus treadmill, treadmill versus physical therapy and treadmill plus PBWS versus physical therapy. Each author independently extracted relevant data on the subjects, study design, interventions, outcome measures and results. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion. Findings: Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria – five single case studies and seven randomised controlled trials. The review suggests that although treadmill retraining of gait, especially with PBWS, might improve gait parameters and functional mobility, unless treadmill retraining is directed at improving gait speed it might be no more effective than conventional physical therapy at improving gait parameters. Limitations: The findings of this review are limited by a lack of comprehensive investigation of conventional physical therapy interventions, difficulty comparing primary studies which investigated subjects at different time points after stroke using a variety of outcome measures, and the quality of the included primary studies. Implications for clinical practice: This review suggests that there is little evidence as yet to justify changing clinical practice in favour of treadmill retraining of gait after stroke
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