196,072 research outputs found
Dragonflies of Polillo Island, Philippines
No full textPolillo is a small group of island (27 islands in total) east of central Luzon (Figure 1). It is made up of four main island viz. Polillo I, Patnanungan I, Jomalig I and Palasan I and several islets. This island group has relatively flat to gentle sloping terrain and the highest point is only 300 m asl (Mt. Maluhod) in Polillo Island (ca 700 km²) which is the largest in the group and the third largest island in greater Luzon biogeographic region
Different Recommendations for Daptomycin Dosing Over Time in Patients With Severe Infections
No full textNessun
Dietary analysis of eight insectivorous bats (Chiroptera) from Puting Bato Cave Complex, Burdeos, Polillo Island, Philippines
No full textFood habits of eight insectivorous bat species from Puting Bato Cave Complex, Polillo Island, were examined. Fecal samples collected from eight species of cave-dwelling insectivorous bats contained culled fragments from seven prey taxa (six insect orders and one fish prey). Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera were the most consumed group in both percentage volume and percentage frequency. The diet of Hipposideros diadema, H. pygmaeus, Rhinolophus arcuatus, and R. philippinensis mostly concurs with previous studies but with varying proportions. Baseline information on the diets of H. coronatus, M. paululus, R. macrotis, and R. rufus is provided in this study
New species of narrow-mouthed frog (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae; genus Kaloula) from the mountains of Southern Luzon and Polillo Islands, Philippines
No full textWe describe a new species of narrow-mouthed frog of the genus Kaloula from the volcanic mountains of southern Luzon Island (Mt. Banahao, Mt. Isarog, and Mt. Mayon) and adjacent Polillo Island, Philippines. On the volcanoes of southern Luzon, the new species is found in habitats ranging from small dry stream beds to stationary pools of rivers in mid- to upper montane primary forest. On Polillo Is- land, the new species has been found near quiet streams in selectively logged primary forest and second growth near sea level. The new species presumably is allied to Kaloula rigida (a forest species endemic to northern Luzon Island) and to Kaloula picta (a more widespread Philippine endemic that is found in a variety of habitats) as indicated by possession of narrow disks on the digits and by the presence of supernumerary tubercles on the palmar surface of the manus. It differs from these species by its smaller body size, reduction of webbing on toes, absence or extreme reduction of outer metacarpal tubercles, and by characteristics of the advertisement call. Isang ba´gong uriı´n ng palaka´ng kı´tirang-bibig (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae; genus Kaloula) mula sa bu´lubundu´kin ng Pulong Luzon at Pulong Polillo, Pilipinas. (Lagom).—Inilalarawan namin ang isang ba´gong uriı´n ng palaka´ng kı´tirang-bibig ng angka´ng Kaloula mula sa mabulka´ng bulu´ bundukin ng katimu´gang Luzon (Bk. Banahao, Bk. Isarog, at Bk. Mayon) at sa mga pulo´ ng Polillo, Pilipinas. Sa mga bulkan ng katimu´gang Luzon, ang bagong uriı´n ay matatagpuan sa mga pa´nirahang abo´t mula sa mga maliliit na patay na sapa´ hanggang sa mga tining na layo´ n ng mga ilog sa may kalagitnaan hanggang sa ilayang gubat o orihinal na tampo´ k-gubat. Ang isang populasyon ay nakilala rin mula sa mga mababang hayon ng mga pa´ nirahang-gubat sa pulo´ ng Polillo. Ano bagong uriı´n ay kaanib ng Kaloula rigida (isang uriı´ng-gubat na taa´l sa Pulong Luzon) at ng Kaloula picta (higit na palasa´ k na uriı´ng ta´al sa Pilipinas at matatagpuan sa mga iba’t-ibang uri ng pa´nirahan) ba´tay sa ipinapakita nitong pag-aangkin ng mga makikitid na disk sa mga daliri at ng kawalan nito ng mga butlig sa sa´latang pa´lad sa kama´y nito´ . Ita ay naiiba sa mga na´banggit na uriı´n dahil sa pangangatawan nitong may kaliitan bawa´s na pa´likpikan sa mga dulong daliri, at sa maraming katangian nito sa usaping taga´l at ispektrum ng kanyang hudya´t-panta´wa
Methods: For studying pharmacogenetic profiles of combination chemotherapeutic drugs
No full textMolecular and genetic analysis of tumors and individuals has led to patient-centered therapies, through the discovery and identification of genetic markers predictive of drug efficacy and tolerability. Present therapies often include a combination of synergic drugs, each of them directed against different targets. Therefore, the pharmacogenetic profiling of tumor masses and patients is becoming a challenge, and several questions may arise when planning a translational study.
AREAS COVERED:
The review presents the different techniques used to stratify oncology patients and to tailor antineoplastic treatments according to individual pharmacogenetic profiling. The advantages of these methodologies are discussed as well as current limits.
EXPERT OPINION:
Facing the rapid technological evolution for genetic analyses, the most pressing issues are the choice of appropriate strategies (i.e., from gene candidate up to next-generation sequencing) and the possibility to replicate study results for their final validation. It is likely that the latter will be the major obstacle in the future. However, the present landscape is opening up new possibilities, overcoming those hurdles that have limited result translation into clinical settings for years
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic predictive markers of irinotecan activity and toxicity
No full textAfter the rapid development of new classes of antineoplastic drugs, research activities have focused their efforts to the identification of predictive markers of drug activity and tolerability. Irinotecan (CPT-11) may induce severe toxicities (diarrhea, neutropenia) that limit its clinical use, but the increasing knowledge of its pharmacokinetics offered a potential approach to treatment optimization. Pharmacokinetics, the first area of investigation, has identified markers such as biliary index, the relative extent of conversion and the glucuronidation ratio, which are capable to define the risk for severe side adverse effects. Because of the existence of some issues concerning the adoption of pharmacokinetic strategies to optimize CPT-11 dose and schedule, analyses of genetic polymorphisms seemed to offer a more reliable and safer approach for the identification of patients at risk than pharmacokinetics. In this view, the uridine diphosphate glucuronosil transferase isoform 1A1 (UGT1A1) was associated with significant changes in disposition of CPT-11 and its metabolites, and consequently with treatment-induced toxicities. However, the complex pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and the involvement of several enzymes other than UGT (i.e., carboxyl estherases, CYP450 isoforms), and transmembrane transporters (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2, SLCO1B1) make difficult the identification of patients with an optimal sensitivity and specificity, and a large part of variability among patients still remains unexplained. Furthermore, prospective clinical studies that should demonstrate the reliability of those pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic markers are still lacking. In the present review, pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic markers will be discussed
Linezolid in the central nervous system: Comparison between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma pharmacokinetics
No full textBACKGROUND: Linezolid is effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which may cause central nervous system (CNS) infections, but drug concentrations in plasma are characterized by a large inter-patient variability. Therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluating linezolid pharmacokinetics in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 7 patients with external ventricular drainage, who received linezolid 600 mg twice daily as 1-h intravenous infusion to prevent CNS infections.
METHODS: Plasma and CSF linezolid concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the 1(st) and 5(th) dose, and pharmacokinetics were evaluated by non-compartmental analysis.
RESULTS: Values of the CSF area under the time/concentration curve (AUC) (range 18.2-85.5 and 19.6-160.5 h × mg/l at the 1st and 5th dose, respectively) were lower than those calculated in plasma (range 27.6-224.0 and 27.5-166.1 h × mg/l, respectively). For minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1 mg/l, CSF AUC/MIC values were nearly equal to or greater than 100 only in 2 subjects after the 1st and 5th dose, whereas mean time above the MIC (T > MIC) values were higher than 75% in only 3 patients. Similar results were obtained when pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters were evaluated in plasma.
CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that changes in linezolid doses and measurement of drug concentrations should be considered as useful strategies to optimize treatment in some patients
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Case report of a successful treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and MRSA/vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium cholecystitis by daptomycin
No full textA 72-year-old man, receiving 8 mg daptomycin/kg body weight/day for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia, was diagnosed with MRSA/vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) cholecystitis (daptomycin MIC values, 1 and 2 mg/liter, respectively). After the fifth drug dose, the bile concentration of daptomycin was 66 mg/liter 5 min after drug administration, with the biliary concentration/MIC values higher than 30 for both bacterial strains. Therefore, daptomycin achieved therapeutic levels in bile, hence suggesting a role for the drug in the treatment of MRSA/VRE cholecystitis
Different recommendations for daptomycin dosing over time in patients with severe infections
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