2,015,862 research outputs found
National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland, 2014
No full text"The strategy refers in a comprehensive manner to issues of national security and indicates optimal uses of all means that the state has at its disposal in the sphere of defence, protection, society and economy for security purposes. The key goal is their appropriate integration in the national security system. The present document identifies national interests and strategic objectives in the domain of security, in accordance with principles and values comprised in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. It determines the national security capacities, assesses Poland’s security environment in its global, regional and national dimension and projects its development trends. It presents actions of the state which are necessary to fulfil the defined interests and objectives, and also points out directions and ways of preparation of the national security system.
Defense Strategy of the Republic of Poland: Sector strategy of the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland, 2009
No full textNational Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland, 2003
No full text"Ongoing changes in the international security environment are reflected in this document that introduces a reassessment and adjustment of Poland’s national security strategy. New security threats, including the uncontrolled proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the spread of transnational organized crime and terrorist attacks are discussed, along with Poland’s role in combating these challenges as a member of NATO, the EU and the UN. Focusing on economic foundations of state security, financial, economic, infrastructure, environmental and educational factors are assessed in the context of national security.
National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland, 2007
No full textThis document presents a new approach to Poland's national security strategy, correlated with allied strategies – NATO's Strategic Concept and the European Security Strategy. It defines national interests and outlines strategic goals in the area of security, before assessing the security challenges and risks and presenting sector goals and tasks for national security and security management. It highlights the role of executive subsystems, ranging from, among others, foreign affairs and national defence to special services and telecommunications, in the management of national security
Price support at any price? Costs and benefits of alternative agricultural policies for Poland
No full textThe author argues that Poland must choose an agricultural policy that promotes efficiency, structural change, and adjustment to the new market environment and eventual membership in the European Union. That policy must take into account both the needs of, and the financial constraints on, Polish agriculture. Results of simulation experiments performed with the use of the computable general equilibrium model of the Polish economy suggest that Common Agricultural Policy-type price supports are not the most efficient agricultural policy for Poland. The author discusses alternative policies and scenarios. Rather than discuss whether the relationship between farmers'incomes and average Polish wages is fair, the author analyzes whether medium- and long-term development trends in the Polish economy may cause this relationship to deteriorate, and what policies will counteract those trends. Rapid growth in the nonagricultural sectors combined with real appreciation of domestic currency (caused either through good current account performance or significant capital inflows) may jeopardize farmers'relative income position. And such developments are probable if positive projections for economic development and membership in the European Union are realized. The agricultural sector can defend its relative income only by becoming more efficient. Price supports improve farmers'relative income but at a high cost to taxpayers and consumers and to macroeconomic efficiency. To meet these costs, Poland must put in place firm quantity controls. But the author thinks that the best strategy would be to avoid price supports until the moment of joining the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy. In the interim, policies aimed at reducing farm employment seem most appropriate. The author discusses two such policies: encouraging older farmers to retire and promoting jobs in rural areas. He also proposes two feasible scenarios for integrating Polish agriculture with that of the European Union by 2005-10.Markets and Market Access,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets
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Note Regarding Invitation of Gronouski to Poland
No full textNote to Postmaster General Gronouski from Zymunt Moskwa inviting Gronouski and wife as guests in Poland at convenient time
Dairy supply chain restructuring and its impact on farmers' revenues in Poland
No full textSupply chain restructuring and its impact on farmers’ situation have become the subject of vast interest among agricultural economists. However, there have been relatively few studies trying to quantitatively asses this issue. This paper analyses the impact of supply chain modernisation on dairy farmers in Poland. It is shown that joining the modern marketing channel positively affects farmers’ revenues. The decision to enter the modern channel is crucially dependent on access to funds and facilitated by having larger cow herds.Supply chain, restructuring, dairy sector, Poland, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,
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Letter Regarding Gronouski Interest in Visiting Poland
No full textLetter from Minister of Posts and Telecommunications of the Polish Peple's Republic inviting Postmaster Gronouski and his wife to visit Poland
Privatization and Corporate Governance in Poland: Problems and Trends
No full textThe paper is devoted to the problems of the impact of privatization on corporate governance formation in Poland. It discusses the dilemmas of choosing a model for privatization and corporate governance, legal background, mechanisms of corporate governance formation depending on a privatization method applied, and the evolution of these structures in the course of systemic transformation in Poland. The Author comes to the conclusion that the processes of privatization and corporate governance formation in Poland are marked by both successes and failures. The most spectacular success is privatization in the “broad sense” which boosted the growth of new private businesses and the share of the private sector in the national economy. Privatization in the “narrow sense” (ownership transformation of state-owned enterprises) was only a partial success, both in terms of quantity and quality. Some methods of privatization proved to be more “permeable,” easier to implement for a number of social, political and technical reasons than the others; thus, the progress of privatization was very uneven across sectors, and some of them (infrastructure, extractive industries and some others) remain predominantly stateowned. There were two reasons for this situation: the highly gradualist, consensual character of Polish privatization procedures and the emergence of interest groups not interested in privatization of remaining state-controlled companies. Recently, new trends are seen that can be interpreted as a certain convergence of corporate governance models and a convergence between the effects of different privatization methods in corporate governance and performance of enterprises. Taking this into account, the Author elaborates on whether the “how to privatize” question still actual and on the “feasibility vs. efficiency” privatization policy dilemma.privatization, corporate governance, transition economy, Poland
Poland and the Silesians : Minority rights à la carte?
No full textThe Silesians are an ethnic or national group that coalesced in the nineteenth century. During the subsequent century, they survived repeated divisions of their historical region of Upper Silesia among the nation-states of Czechoslovakia (or today its western half, that is, the Czech Republic), Germany, and Poland, which entailed Czechization, Germanization, and Polonization, respectively. The ideal of ethnolinguistic homogeneity, a typical goal of Central European nationalism, was achieved in post-war Poland. After the end of communism (1989) and the country‟s accession to the European Union (2004), this ideal is still aspired to, though it appears to stand in direct conflict with the values of democracy and rule of law. The Silesians are the largest minority in today‟s Poland and Silesian speakers are the second largest speech community in this country after Polish-speakers. Despite the Silesians‟ wish to be recognized as a minority, expressed clearly in their grassroots initiatives and in the Polish censuses of 2002 and 2011, Poland neither recognizes them nor their language. This inflexible attitude may amount to a breach of the spirit (if not the letter) of the Council of Europe‟s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, both of which Poland signed and ratified. The case of the Silesians is a litmus test of the quality of Polish democracy. In order to resolve the debacle, the article proposes a genuine dialogue between representatives of Silesian organizations and the Polish administration under the guidance of observers and facilitators from the Council of Europe and appropriate international non-governmental organizations.Peer reviewe
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