1,721,068 research outputs found
Trumpalaikio ir ilgalaikio dietos nitratų vartojimo įtaka organizmo funkcinei būklei ir darbingumui.
No full textThe thesis, combines findings from five scientific articles employing a generalized exploratory approach to explore the impact of dietary nitrate supplementation on organism functionality in general. The primary goal of the study was to evaluate the effects on functional states and performance in living organisms, predominantly focusing on humans, while simultaneously seeking a deeper comprehension of the mechanisms underlying nitrate supplementation. It is important to highlight that the fundamental objective of this doctoral study was to investigate the influence of dietary nitrate supplementation without predetermined assumptions. For this purpose, exploratory research approach was chosen which in open-ended nature, aims to uncover potential relationships between variables without established hypotheses. This approach allows for a more organic exploration of the effects of dietary nitrate without bias, providing a broad perspective on the subject matter. In this case exploratory approach was chosen deliberately to unearth unforeseen connections and potential impacts of dietary nitrate supplementation on organism functionality. Besides human trials, the study used Drosophila melanogaster and mice as analytical models due to their genetic similarities to humans, ease of breeding, and shorter lifespan. This made them ideal candidates for studying the effects of dietary interventions like nitrate supplementation on lifespan and health outcomes within a reasonable experimental timeframe. While humans were the preferred study subjects, these models were also employed to eliminate any emotional factors or placebo effects Longevity emerged as a natural outcome of the study, serving as a proxy for improved organism functionality. The investigation unearthed compelling insights into the impact of short-term and long-term dietary nitrate supplementation. Results indicated a substantial influence on the functional state and performance of the organisms under study. This effect was manifested in various aspects, notably in enhanced performance markers and increased longevity, which served as indicators of improved organism functionality. In summary, the thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of the influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on organism functionality. By employing an exploratory approach, the study did not limit itself to predefined assumptions, instead unraveling potential relationships between variables. By utilizing analytical models and maintaining a comprehensive focus on the overall functionality of organisms, the research offers valuable insights into the potential benefits and mechanisms linked to nitrate supplementation. These findings hold significant promise in understanding the broader implications of dietary nitrate on organism functionality and performance, with potential applications in human health and longevity
Dynamics of interactions of cardiovascular indices in evaluation of sportsmen body‘s states.
No full textThe dynamic of the human body as a complex system of processes is reflected in the registration process of physiological signals which are characterized by varying degrees of oscillations, for example - an electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Typically, these signals are selected for the statistical analysis methods that are more applicable to global processes of the body and requiring large amounts of information. Accordingly, the mathematical analysis methods are used to examine the local processes of the body and thus do not require such a large amount of information (in our case, enough of the three deductions). Physiological signal analysis matrix helps reveal the complex human organism as complex adaptive system and fatigue phenomena, which reflect the functional state of homeostasis and adaptation processes in fractal and chaotic nature of features. In this context, the aim of the study is to reveal the dynamical peculiarities of interactions of cardiovascular system indices in evaluation of sportsmen body’s functional state
Relationships between high school students' health literacy, lifestyle, and school's attention to the basic of healthy lifestyle.
No full textThe problem. Health literacy determines educational outcomes (Paakkari et al., 2019), prevalence of bad habits (Fleary et. al., 2018), physical activity, nutrition (Ayaz‐Alkaya, & Kulakçı‐Altıntaş, 2021). It is related to educational indicators and socio-economic background (e.g. family income, parental education, occupation) (Santha et al., 2020). Therefore, increasing the health literacy of schoolchildren is important for the well-being of the community and the state, and the education sector is the most important basis for the development of health literacy and learning at the beginning of life (WHO, 2016). Unfortunately, only a few school programs are dedicated to health literacy (Okan, & World Health Organization, 2019), and only a few health literacy studies have been conducted in Lithuania (Sukys et al., 2019), none of the studies that would cover all high school classes. The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationships between health literacy, lifestyle and the school's attention to the basics of lifestyle of 1st-4th gymnasium classes students. Research objectives: 1. To determine the general and digital health literacy of high school students. 2. To evaluate the correlations of socio-demographic factors and the attention paid to lifestyle at school with the health literacy of high school students. 3. To determine the lifestyle characteristics of high school students. 4. To assess the links between health literacy and lifestyle of high school students. Research methods: The research used the written survey method. A health literacy and lifestyle questionnaire was compiled, and 876 students studying in the 1st - 4th gymnasium classes were interviewed. Summarizing conclusion: The health literacy of the most students in I-IV gymnasium classes is sufficient or excellent, boys are higher than girls, and it does not differ significantly by class. Male gender and a higher level of family wealth are significantly associated with the general health literacy, whereas only gender is significantly related to digital health literacy. According to the students, the least attention is paid at school to eating habits, and too much to smoking prevention. More than two thirds of high school students rated their health as good or very good. Boys rated her better than girls. Only 5.8 percent were sufficiently physically active of high school students, every second person consumed alcohol and tried smoking at least once, the prevalence of alcohol and smoking is higher among students in higher grades, and the frequency of smoking is higher among boys. General health literacy is positively associated with better self-rated health, physical activity, lower lifetime smoking, and lower lifetime and past 30-day alcohol consumption. Digital health literacy positively predicts subjective health assessment, physical activity, and lifetime alcohol consumption
Influence of massage of spinal and leg muscules on cardiovascular system of elderly persons.
No full textProblem. All body functions are close related why this all external or internal influence, the massage procedure as well, affect not only the skin or muscles. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of spinal and lower legs massage procedure on cardiovascular system. Objectives: 1. To assess the influence of massage procedure on autonomic nervous system influences to regulation heart rate variability. 2. to assess the dynamics of heart rate during the orthostatic maneuver (Tilt-table test) under the influence of massage procedure.. Methods. Ten healthy women take part in separate studies. Five subjects previously take part in the first study and later in the second study and the five of them in the regressive order. Continuous 12-leads ECG were reordered. Results and Conclusions. The study results confirmed the hypothesis that massage effect is not located in the by massage affected segment. 1. Spinal and lover leg massage had an impact on cardiovascular autonomic regulation. Human relaxation and a good feeling can be explained by the decrease of the sympathetic and increased parasympathetic activity. 2. Spinal and lover leg massage has little influence on the absolute heart rate values recorded in lying or standing positions, but the velocity of heart rate change during orthostatic changes differ. Heart rate change during the orthostatic body change is weakened that’s indicate about a sympathetic activity. The increased heart rate change while body is under clinostatic stress indicate about increased parasympathetic activity
Lifestyle characteristics and health literacy characteristics of self-exercising women and women training according to exercise plans prepared by sports club instructors.
No full textProblem. Health literacy is directly and indirectly related to various health outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy for Digital Health states that digital health should be an integral part of health priorities and benefit people in an ethical, safe, reliable, equitable and sustainable manner. In addition, the digital transformation of healthcare has been shown to improve health outcomes through improvements in: medical diagnosis, data-driven treatment decisions, digital therapy, clinical research, self-monitoring and person-centered care. One of the hallmarks of health literacy is awareness of physical activity, and the health benefits of regular physical activity include: lower risk of being overweight, improved cognitive function, reduced risk of dementia, and reduced risk of cancer at various sites. However, many women exercise for better body shapes and what others think of them. This is due to the lack of research on health literacy and health literacy. The aim: To determine the characteristics of health literacy of women who exercise independently and women who train according to exercise plans prepared by sports club instructors. Tasks: 1. To determine the health literacy characteristics of women who exercise independently. 2. To determine the health literacy characteristics of women training according to exercise plans prepared by sports club instructors. 3. To compare the differences in literacy characteristics of women who exercise independently and women who train according to exercise plans prepared by sports club instructors. Methods. The research used an online survey method. The questionnaire consisted of the abbreviated European Health Literacy Questionnaire HLS-EU-Q16, which consists of 16 questions from the HLS-EU-Q47. General health literacy was assessed. Subjects: 31 women exercising independently and 30 women exercising according to exercise plans prepared by gym instructors. Result and conclusions. The study revealed that there are certain differences between the study groups. 1. Self-exercising women have a sufficiently high level of health literacy, more than 50% of them answered questions assessing health literacy answers that her finds and understands information easily. 2. The level of health literacy of women training according to the exercise plans provided by sports club instructors can also be assessed as good - their answers to questions assessing health literacy do not differ much from the answers of women exercising independently. 3. Self-exercising women are able to understand and find information about health literacy presented to them more easily than women training according to the plans drawn up by sports club instructors, because the situation/circumstances of self-exercising women require a deeper understanding of the necessary and significant information for this activity, which leads to better health literacy
Cardiovascular and muscular changes in cohort of elite wrestlers during the mezocycle of concentrated workloads for development of special endurance.
No full textCompetitive performance requires maximum physical features and functionality development level. In the management of training process the regular assessment of functional state aof athletes should be done by use of tests and the physiological reactions occurring after exercise and during recovery should be analyzed. Hypothesis for this study was that many of the body's functional indices can be depressed under influence of big amount and high intensity concentrated workloads. Object – cardiovascular and muscular indices definding the performance abilities. Purpose – to determine the influence of concentrated high intensity workloads on cardiovascular and muscular indices Goals: 1 – to determine the peculiarities in dynamics of specialyzed training workloads in elite wrestlers cohort during the sports camp designed for preparation for the World Cup; 2 – to determine the Dynamics of muscular performance indices; 3 – to determine the Dynamics of cardiovascular indices. Methods: literature review; vertical jumping tasks and electrocardiography. Seven elite wrestlers taking part in training camp were the participants of this study. Conclusions: In preparation for the World Championships in elite wrestlers for development of special endurance in sports training camp conducted a large-scale and intensity exercising what makes the change these features: 1. Charge intensity was achieved in two ways: by increasing exercise and increasing the very high intensity of the scope of tasks. Was significantly higher increase in volume of tasks of very high intensity. 2. The study does not supported our hypothesis that the increase concentrated workout mezocycle special charges endurance training volume and intensity for overall muscle fatigue worsen most endurance. 3. Training mezocycle with increase concentrated special endurance training volume and intensity cardiovascular functional state indices improved
Trumpalaikio kalorijų apribojimo poveikis širdies ir kraujagyslių autonominiam atsakui, nuotaikai, kognityviniam ir motoriniam aktyvumui.
No full textFasting is incorporated in many cultural and religious rituals. It is widely believed that fasting induces rapid weight loss and has a possitive effect on disease prevention and treatment (Johnstone, 2015; Longo & Mattson, 2014; Mazurak, Günther, Grau, Muth, Pustovoyt, M., et al., 2013). Furthermore, it is well known that fasting is used for health improvement and reduction of the risk of many chronic diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and inflammation (Longo & Mattson, 2014). Many types of calorie restriction interventions are available. One such intervention is 5:2 intermittent fasting, in which the person consumes a very low-calorie diet (about 500–600 kcal per day) 2 days a week and eats a “normal” diet on non-diet days (Johnstone, 2015). However, it may be easier for individuals to follow a diet with no calorie counting and may choose a zero-calorie diet with water provided ad libitum (Tinsley & La Bounty, 2015). Despite the frequent use of long-term intermittent fasting, the responses to such acute short-duration calorie restriction are not clearly understood. The information related to the effects of short-duration fasting on mood, cognition, and motor behaviour is poor and ambiguous. There is an evidence of negative effects (Doniger, Simon, & Zivotofsky, 2006; Uher, Treasure, Heining, Brammer, & Campbell, 2006) or no effects (Green, Elliman, & Rogers, 1995; Lieberman et al., 2008) of total or near-total calorie restriction on mood and cognition. Moreover, Chechko et al. (2015) observed that overnight fasting can decrease performance-associated brain activity even when there are no differences in cognitive performance. Limited results regarding motor performance have also been reported, which showed total fasting decreased two-finger tapping rate, a measure of psychomotor speed, (Green et al., 1995; Reeves, Winter, Bleiberg, & Kane, 2007) , whereas grip strength, a predictor of total muscle strength, was not affected (Gutiérrez, González-Gross, Delgado, & Castillo, 2001; Wind, Takken, Helders, & Engelbert, 2010). It is worth mentioning that we are not aware of any previous studies of the effect of a 2-day zero-calorie diet or very low calorie diet on mood, cognitive, psychomotor and motor functions. Yet, some research was done on 5:2 intermittent fasting, in which the person consumes a very low calorie diet 2 days a week. Previous studies of 2-day fasting showed an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity, what indicated fasting as stress (Andersson, Wallin, Hedner, Ahlberg, & Andersson, 1988; Mazurak, Günther, Grau, Muth, Pustovoyt, et al., 2013). It is well established that the brain is a target of stress and that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the brain area that is most sensitive to stress effects (Arnsten, 2009; McEwen, Nasca, & Gray, 2016); the prefrontal complex is responsible for highest-order cognitive abilities, such as executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, and mental flexibility) (Arnsten, 2009; Diamond, 2013; Shansky & Lipps, 2013). Stress can also affect deterioration of mood status (Giles, Mahoney, Brunyé, Taylor, & Kanarek, 2014; Koelsch et al., 2016). Some evidence suggests that the motor system can be affected by stress either via hormonal or stress-associated emotional changes (Metz, 2007; Metz, Jadavji, & Smith, 2005; Wegner, Koedijker, & Budde, 2014; Wegner, Müller-Alcazar, Jäger, & Budde, 2014; Weinberg & Ragan, 1978), and skilled movements accuracy is the most sensitive to stress effects (Metz, 2007; Metz, Jadavji, & Smith, 2005). It is worth mentioning that the PFC has connections with the motor cortices (Arnsten, 2009). Recent studies have shown that cognitive fatigue after the performance of prolonged cognitively demanding tasks deteriorates skilled movement performance, as indicated by slowed fast and accurate reaching movement performance (Rozand, Lebon, Papaxanthis, & Lepers, 2015); however, maximal force production capacity (Pageaux, Marcora, & Lepers, 2013) and corticospinal excitability were not altered (Rozand et al., 2015). Thus, hypothesis that acute-2-day calorie restriction would adversely affect mood, cognition, and accuracy of target tracking, whereas grip strength would not be altered, was made. It is well known that dieting is a common practice among overweight and obese people (Johnstone, 2015), and acute fasting is also undertaken by athletes or amateur athletes whose aim is to lose weight through dieting prior to weigh-ins to meet the required weight category (Franchini, Brito, & Artioli, 2012). Thus, the main aim of present studies was to assess the effects of a 2-day acute calorie restriction on cardiovascular autonomic response, mood, and cognitive and motor behavior in amateur weight lifters, and in overweight and obese adults. Research objectives: To establish the effects of 2-day fasting on cardiovascular autonomic response, mood, and cognitive and motor behaviour in (1) amateur weigh-lifters, (2) overweight women and (3) overweight and obese men. Conclusions: 1. Two-day zero-calorie diet resulted in higher parasympathetic activity in amateur weight lifters. It decreased resting frontal brain activity, increased anger, and improved mental flexibility and set shifting, whereas motor behavior was not affected by it. 2. Two-day zero-calorie diet resulted in moderate stress with a shift of the autonomic nervous system balance toward sympathetic activity in overweight women. Better aerobic endurance is likely to facilitate the capacity for dealing with acute calorie deprivation. Regardless of the evoked stress, mood, brain activity, cognitive and motor behavior remained intact. 3. Two-day very-low calorie diet resulted in mild stress, which did not affect sympathetic nervous system response, cognitive and motor behavior in overweight and obese men. In addition, we found increased vigor, which was associated with decreased body mass index
Importance of lifestyle components of people over 50 years of age for healthy aging.
No full textIn recent decades, researchers have been studying the various biological, psychological and social factors associated with ageing. Rapidly ageing population around the world pose challenges for health care, social services and public health. The challenge for scientists is to develop comprehensive, science-based guidelines for healthy ageing. The aim of this study was: To uncover the role of lifestyle in healthy ageing in people over 50. Objectives: to investigate the respondents' physical activity patterns, some of their individual health risk factors, morbidity patterns, social integration and self-actualization, and to explore the association of the study participants' healthy ageing-related lifestyle components. We used an instant online survey. Volunteers aged over 50 years completed the 22-question Healthy Ageing Quiz questionnaire with additional socio-demographic data. Responses were scored. A score of up to 15 was considered unfavorable for healthy ageing, 16-30 was considered partially favorable and over 31 favorable. The results showed that the mean scores for the individual lifestyle indicators were mostly different between the youngest and oldest age groups. The overall conclusion is that the healthiest way to age is through social connections and productive engagement, adequate physical activity, optimism and adaptation
Evaluation of residual training effects by analysis of ECG parameters using method of algebraic cointegration.
No full textProblem - The effects of exercising, fatigue, or residual phenomena are usually addressed by changes in heart rate and it variabili wicth are nor accurate. The aim - to determine whether assessments of ECG parameters and relations between ECG parameters may reflect upcoming fatigue and residual exercise effects. Tasks: To determine the characteristics of the change in HRV by Poincare map method; to evaluate the change of the ECG parameters and the relations between the ECG parameters for the ECG parameters during the dosed exercise sample, high intensity exercise and recovery. Methods: Evaluation of the HRV, change in ECG parameters and dynamic relations between ECG parameters during a dosed exercise sample and high intensity exercise. Results: Calculated Ruffier index and Poincare maps of HRV are not informative enough. Changes in ECG parameters and dynamic relationships between ECG parameters showed that both the HR and the dynamic relations between ECG parameters are valuable for fatigue evaluation Conclusions: The Poincare map method used for the analysis of HRV proved to be inefficient. During relatively light exercise and in rocovery, both HR and ECG parameters relations is sensitive and accurate way to assess changes in functional status and residual effects of exercising
The influence of respiratory exercises for the cardiovascular system.
No full textThe aim of this work was to define, while doing physical load tests and breathing exercises, the influence of breathing exercises for the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system. The data of the investigations is presented in this work. The first investigation examined 12 athletes of various sport branches (7 athletes, 2 boxers, 2 basketball players, 1 judoist). The reaction of EKG parameters to two different Rufje physical load samples was compared. The investigated athletes performed Rufje physical load test (30 squats in 45s) with 2 min. pause time and Rufje load test with breath holding. During the investigation the arterial blood preasure was measured. Besides using the computer based EKG registration and analysis system “Kaunas-krūvis”, electrocardiograms consisting of 12 standard points were also recorded. The second investigation focused on 12 people who do not exercise actively. These group of people performed breathing exercise. During this investigation EKG and AHR were recorded. While doing measured physical load tests, which are evaluated by the sportsmen themselves as an easy physical load, the investigated people at the beginning of the exercise were breathing very little or even totally hold the breath (as the investigated person is too attentive for the correct performance of the test, that is why he or she overdoes and holds the breath). This has a significant influence for the CS reactions, which is an object of such evaluations. In this work the influence of two measured physical load tests for the CS reactions was compared. The results of this investigation showed, that breath holding at the beginning of the load influences the alternation of CS functional parameters and the received results are distorted. At the beginning of the load the alterations of CS are the same. However after 15s CS starts to slow down and at the end of measured aerobical load the CS values are registered already significantly lower, the increase of systolic AHR due to the load is insignificant. No differences in the diastolic AHR alteration were registered. However the recuperation (vascular tone) is slower only in the quick recuperation stage. The recuperation slowdown of the majority of CS functional parameters is also registrated. While doing breathing exercises, which consist of hyper ventilations and breath holdings, the changes of such CS parameters are determined. During the hyperventilation, heart rate significantly increases while arterial blood pressure is decreasing. The indecisive alterations of the peripheral vascular tone and intensification of muscular bloodstream are also determined. During the breath holding, heart rate significantly decreases and the vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels increases, thus also causing the increase in arterial blood pressure
- …
