1,721,034 research outputs found
Commentary: Basophil Activation-Dependent Autoantibody and Interleukin-17 Production Exacerbate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Full text linkIs there any relationship between extra-pulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and atopy/respiratory allergy in children?
Full text linkMycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infections in children, but sometimes extra-pulmonary diseases can be observed. The immunological mechanisms involved in these extra-respiratory complications are unknown. Here, we report a small case series of Mycoplasma-related diseases including 5 children who developed: i) aseptic meningitis; ii) urticarial rash and pericardial effusion; iii) pleural effusion with severe eosinophilia; iv) Stevens-Johnson syndrome; v) multiform erythema. Interestingly, all children were moderately to highly atopic, as a common immunologic feature
Sublingual immunotherapy for pediatric allergic rhinitis: The clinical evidence
Full text linkAllergic rhinitis is estimated to affect 10%-20% of pediatric population and it is caused by the IgE-sensitization to environmental allergens, most importantly grass pollens and house dust mites. Allergic rhinitis can influence patient's daily activity severely and may precede the development of asthma, especially if it is not diagnosed and treated correctly. In addition to subcutaneous immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) represents the only treatment being potentially able to cure allergic respiratory diseases, by modulating the immune system activity. This review clearly summarizes and analyzes the available randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials, which aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and the safety of grass pollen and house dust mite SLIT for the specific treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis. Our analysis demonstrates the good evidence supporting the efficacy of SLIT for allergic rhinitis to grass pollens in children, whereas trials regarding pediatric allergic rhinitis to house dust mites present lower quality, although several studies supported its usefulness
Spontaneous (Autoimmune?) Chronic Urticaria in children: current evidences, diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutical management
No full textthe etiologic diagnosis of pediatric chronic urticaria is quite challenging, as a minority of cases can be associated to specific triggers. Thus, more than 50% of chronic urticaria in children are labeled as idiopathic. Several evidences supported an autoimmune pathogenesis in 30-40% of patients with idiopathic (or spontaneous) chronic urticaria in adults, where the diagnosis of Autoimmune Chronic Urticaria should include in vivo and in vitro tests, revealing the presence of autoantibodies against high-affinity IgE receptors mainly, as stated by the majority of guidelines
Basophils activated via TLR signaling may contribute to pathophysiology of type I autoimmune pancreatitis”
No full textAcute Pustular Dermatosis, Following Topical Treatment With Pimecrolimus, in a Child Affected With Atopic and Contact Hand Dermatitis
Full text linkAtopic dermatitis is considered an important risk factor for chronic hand dermatitis, which can be seen in children too. Pimecrolimus cream 1% is approved to treat atopic dermatitis in children aged 2 years or older. In adults, this drug has been used for some clinical indications other than atopic dermatitis, such as chronic hand dermatitis. Here, we describe an adverse drug reaction in a 2-year-old child affected with atopic dermatitis, who was treated with topical pimecrolimus in order to ameliorate her concomitant hand dermatitis. The use of topical pimecrolimus led to a previously undescribed hand pustular dermatosis, being consistent with a form of pustular leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which required the permanent discontinuation of topical pimecrolimus
Acalculous Acute Cholecystitis in Previously Healthy Children: General Overview and Analysis of Pediatric Infectious Cases
Full text linkAcute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is an inflammation of the gallbladder, which does not appear to be associated with the presence of gallstones. AAC is estimated to represent more than 50% of cases of acute cholecystitis in the pediatric population. Although this pathology was initially described in critically ill patients, actually most pediatric cases have been observed during several infectious diseases. Particularly, here we reviewed pediatric infectious acute acalculous cholecystitis and analyzed the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of bacterial and viral forms
Ibuprofen for Pain Control in Children
No full textAcute pain is one of the major complaints reported in pediatric emergency departments and general wards. Recently, both the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicine Agency emitted some warnings regarding the use of opioids, including codeine, in children
Pediatric rhinosinusitis and asthma
No full textBoth asthma and rhinosinusitis are complex and heterogeneous diseases and, importantly, they often coexist: these diseases can be concomitant in 35-65% of affected children, according to different studies. Thus, evaluating this comorbidity in the clinical practice should be paramount. In this review, we focused our discussion on the multiple pathophysiological aspects that may link rhinosinusitis and asthma in the pediatric population. Although rhinosinusitis may exacerbate asthma through several mechanisms occurring by contiguity, actually this aspect seems to be only one component of the complex interplay between upper and lower airways. In particular, the onset of an important and persistent Th2-driven inflammatory process dominated by eosinophils presence at one site of the airways, may release into the bloodstream several cytokines; in their turn, those can lead to the stimulation of the bone marrow, which may function as a systemic amplifier of such an eosinophilic inflammation
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