202,614 research outputs found
Relating Two Semantics of Locally Scoped Names
No full textThe operational semantics of programming constructs involving locally
scoped names typically makes use of stateful "dynamic allocation": a
set of currently-used names forms part of the state and upon entering
a scope the set is augmented by a new name bound to the scoped
identifier. More abstractly, one can see this as a transformation of
local scopes by expanding them outward to an implicit top-level. By
contrast, in a neglected paper from 1994, Odersky gave a stateless
lambda calculus with locally scoped names whose dynamics contracts
scopes inward. The properties of "Odersky-style" local names are quite
different from dynamically allocated ones and it has not been clear,
until now, what is the expressive power of Odersky's notion. We show
that in fact it provides a direct semantics of locally scoped names
from which the more familiar dynamic allocation semantics can be
obtained by continuation-passing style (CPS) translation. More
precisely, we show that there is a CPS translation of typed lambda
calculus with dynamically allocated names (the Pitts-Stark
nu-calculus) into Odersky's lambda-nu-calculus which is
computationally adequate with respect to observational equivalence in
the two calculi
Lomachaeta crocopinna Pitts & Manley 2004
No full textLomachaeta crocopinna Pitts & Manley, 2004 (Fig. 52) Lomachaeta crocopinna Pitts & Manley, 2004: 10. Holotype, ♂, USA, Texas, Val Verde Co. (UMSP). Pitts & Manley (2004): Host. Diagnosis. MALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic for L. crocopinna: the body is entirely black, except the metasoma is almost entirely orange; the mandible lacks a ventral tooth basally; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.65 × of the wing; the head, mesoscutum, and T2 disc have separated punctures; the T1 shape is sub-sessile; the T2 fringe is composed of slightly thickened setae; and the paramere is virtually straight, laterally subcompressed, and having long setae ventrally throughout its length. Body length 3–5 mm. FEMALE. Unknown. Material examined. MEXICO, Sonora: Alamos, Rancho Acosta, malaise in dry wash, tropical deciduous forest, 395 m, 27°01.57’N 106°55.37’W, 26.V–6.VI.2007, M. E. Irwin (1♂, EMUS); 3 km NE Alamos, La Huerta Orchard, 27°01’N 108°54’W, 19–24.[Month unknown].2008, M. E. Irwin & O. Figuero (2 ♂, EMUS); USA, Arizona: Yavapal County, 11 mi W. Jerome, Reared, F. D. Parker (2♂, EMUS); Yavapal County, Clarksdale, Reared, F. D. Parker (1♂, EMUS); Coconino County, 7 mi S. Sedona, Reared, F. D. Parker (3♂, EMUS); Gila County, 2 mi S. Pine, F. D. Parker (1♂, EMUS); Pima County, 550m, Silver Reef Wash, 4 km E. Vaiva Vo (Cockelburr), Tat Momoli Mts., malaise in wash, 32°39.06’N 111°54.47’W, 07–14.V.2006, M. E. Irwin (5♂, EMUS); Maricopa County, Gila River, 10 km S. Arlington, malaise on sand flat, 200m, 33°13.30’N 112°45.53’W, 07–13.VI.2010, M. E. Irwin (1♂, EMUS); 4 km E. Vaiva Vo, Silver Reef Wash, 32°39.06’N 111°54.47’W, 550m, 1–7.V.2006, M. E. Irwin, malaise trap (1♂, EMUS); Kitt Peak rd., Coyote Mts., 5 km S. jct. Hwy. 36 and 286, malaise in wash, 1300 m, 31°59.32’N 111°33.79’W, 2–12.V.2006, M. E. Irwin (1♂, EMUS); New Mexico: Socorro, NWR [Natural Wildlife Resort] LTER [Long Term Ecological Reserve] site 1, 26.V.1992 (1♂, EMUS); Texas, Culberson County, Choza Springs, Guadalupe Mountains, 1610 m, 8.IV.1996 (1♂, EMUS, Fig. 52); Utah: Garfield County, Alvey Wash, 7 km S. Escalante, pan trap in dry wash, 1990 m, 37°42.5’N 111°37.8’W, 24– 25.V.2002, F. D. Parker & M. E. Irwin (2♂, EMUS); Garfield County, Alvey Wash, 7 km S. Escalante, malaise in dry wash, 1990m, 37°42.5’N 111°37.8’W, 24–25.V.2002, M. E. Irwin & F. D. Parker (1♂, EMUS). Distribution. Known from the Arizona Mountains forests, Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Chihuahuan Desert in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas (USA) and Sonora (Mexico). Remarks. This is the apparent sister species to L. ptilohyalus; the two species share similar coloration and genitalic morphology. The distribution of L. crocopinna spans multiple ecoregions in the western USA and parallels that of Dilophotopsis concolor (Cresson). Wilson and Pitts (2008) described the distribution of D. concolor and its sister species, D. paron (Cameron). Dilophotopsis paron occurs in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts, as does L. ptilohyalus. The parallel distributions of these sister-species pairs should be studied more closely, as they could shed light on historic events that impacted the biogeography of numerous velvet ants.Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Luz, David R., Quintero, Diomedes & Pitts, James P., 2019, Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 4564 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/258877
Miss Nannie Pitts, later Mrs. Thomas M. Hays
No full textMiss Nannie Pitts, later Mrs. Thomas M. Hays, about 1897, 20x15cmhttps://mds.marshall.edu/cabell_wayne_hist_soc_collection/1728/thumbnail.jp
Schusterphotopsis Pitts 2003, New Genus
No full textSCHUSTERPHOTOPSIS Pitts, New Genus Type species. Schusterphotopsis barghesti sp. nov. Diagnosis of male. The genus can be distinguished from males of other sphaeropthalmine genera by the dilated and deeply emarginated condition of the mandibles (Fig. 1), the posterior position of the mesosternal processes (Figs. 4, 5), the presence of lateral carinae on the hypopygidium (Fig. 3) and the flattened condition of the hypopygidium. Description of male. Head. Mesosoma slightly wider than head. Ocelli large; ocellocular distance ~1X width of lateral ocellus. Clypeus forming a trapezoidal, truncated anterior lobe (Fig. 2), depressed below dorsal mandibular rim; clypeal base not tuberculate (Fig. 2). Malar space short, ~0.5X maximum lateral ocellus width. Gena short, width approximately equal to ~0.5X maximum lateral ocellus width. Mandible tridentate apically, vertical throughout, ventral margin with deep excision, subtended by large subbasal tooth; apical portion dilated beyond excision (Fig. 1). Antennal scrobes ecarinate above, with tubercle (Fig. 2). First flagellomere ~2X length of pedicel; second flagellomere ~1X length of first flagellomere. Maxillary palpus 6segmented, labial palpus 4segmented (Fig. 4). Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with notali complete. Tegula glabrous. Mesosternum armed with pair of small, lamellate toothlike processes, originating near midline immediately anterior to mesocoxae, appearing to slightly cup anterior margin of mesocoxae (Figs. 4, 5); basal width of process only slightly wider than width of apex (Fig.5). Tibial spurs 122; tibiae slender, not flattened. Wing with length of marginal cell approximately equal to length of stigma; subtruncate apically. Metasoma. First segment petiolate, slender, nodose, moderately constricted dorsally and laterally at apex, distal width much less than that of base of segment 2 (Fig. 4). Segment 2 with tergal felt lines, lacking sternal felt lines (Fig. 4). Apical margins of segments 1 and 2 with slight fringe of sparse plumose pubescence. Pygidium short, subtruncate at apex. Hypopygium transverse, broader than long, depressed, laterally defined by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 3). Paramere slightly arcuate (Fig. 8), stout at base, weakly dorsoventrally flattened, tapering to apex, devoid of long setose pubescence (Fig. 6, 8). Cuspis elongate, about equal to 0.5X free length of paramere, slightly dilated and flattened, weakly concave on ventral surface, ventral surface with dense simple pubescence distally (Fig. 6, 8). Aedeagus bidentate (Fig. 7). Female. Unknown. Etymology. Named after R. M. Schuster, the scholar who made nocturnal mutillid taxonomy what it is today, plus the commonly used sphaeropthalmine suffix photopsis. Gender feminine. Distribution. USA, Southern California, known only from holotype.Published as part of Pitts, James P., 2003, Schusterphotopsis, a new genus of Sphaeropthalminae (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) from California, with notes on the closely related genera Acrophotopsis Schuster and Dilophotopsis Schuster, pp. 1-7 in Zootaxa 333 (1) on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.333.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/501453
Odontophotopsis mexicana Pitts, NEW SPECIES
No full textOdontophotopsis mexicana Pitts, NEW SPECIES (Figs. 38, 40, 44, 45) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from others in this species-group by the mesosternal armature, which has dentate ridges bearing 3–4 tubercles that are subequal in height, with the height being less than their width apart (Fig. 38). Male. Coloration and setal pattern. Head, mesosoma and first metasomal segment ferruginous, antenna slightly paler. Metasomal segments 2–5 darker, dark ferruginous to piceous, apical segments 6–7 somewhat lighter in coloration. Head and mesosoma uniform in color, except ocellar area darkened. Head. Ocellocular distance 1.33 X length of lateral ocellus, and interocellular distance 0.8 X length of lateral ocellus. Mandible with three apical teeth and with large basal tooth (Fig. 40); width at ventral tooth 1 X basal width of mandible, width at preceding sinus 0.6 X basal width of mandible, apical width 0.75 X basal width of mandible (Fig. 40). Length of first three flagellomeres: 2.3 X, 2.6 X and 1.2 X length of pedicel, respectively; width of first flagellomere 1.2 X length of pedicel. Mesosoma. Mesosternum armed with dentate ridges, bearing 3–4 tubercles, subequal in height, height less than width apart (Fig. 38). Marginal cell 1.9 X length of stigma. Stigma 1.4 X length of R 1 vein. Metasoma. T 2 apical margin with slightly raised median area of denser fine punctures, light ferruginous. Genitalia as in Figs. 4 and 45. Digitus with basal portion cylindrical, apical portion lobate, flattened, tapering toward apex. Length. Holotype 15.5 mm. Paratype 10.2 mm. Type Specimens. Holotype. MEXICO: Jalisco, Careyes, 19.Mar. 1997, F.D. Parker (EMUS). 9 Paratypes. 8 specimens with same data as holotype (EMUS); Guerrero, Iguala, 1 paratype male, 9–16.Sep. 1962, 750 m, J.A. Powell and J.A. Chemsak (CSIC). Distribution. Known only from the dry forest of Iguala and Jalisco, Mexico.Published as part of Pitts, James P., 2007, Revision of Odontophotopsis Viereck (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), Part 1, with a description of a new Genus Laminatilla, pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 1619 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17915
Lomachaeta polemomechana Williams & Pitts 2009
No full textLomachaeta polemomechana Williams & Pitts, 2009 (Fig. 60) Lomachaeta polemomechana Williams & Pitts, 2009: 236. Holotype, ♂, Mexico, Sonora, 30km Agua Prieta (EMUS). Diagnosis. MALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic for L. polemomechana: the body is almost entirely black; the mandible lacks a ventral tooth basally; the head and T2 disc have separated punctures; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.7 × of the wing; the T1 shape is sub-sessile; the T2 fringe is composed of simple setae; and the paramere is virtually straight, subcylindrical, and having evenly distributed short setae. Body length 4–6 mm. FEMALE. Unknown. Material examined. USA: Arizona: Santa Cruz County, Ruby Mountain, 20 km SSE Arivaca, 3–7.V.2004, M. E. Irwin and F. D. Parker (1♂, EMUS, Fig. 60). Distribution. Southern Arizona, USA and northern Sonora, Mexico. Remarks. This species has only been found in transition zones between the Madrean Sky Islands and Chihuahuan Desert.Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Luz, David R., Quintero, Diomedes & Pitts, James P., 2019, Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 4564 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/258877
Lomachaeta ptilohyalus Pitts & Manley 2004
No full text<i>Lomachaeta ptilohyalus</i> Pitts & Manley, 2004 <p>(Fig. 51)</p> <p> <i>Lomachaeta ptilohyalus</i> Pitts & Manley, 2004: 12. Holotype, ♂, Mexico, Oaxaca, 10 m North of Huajuapan de Leon (CNCI). Pitts & Manley (2004): Host.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> MALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic for <i>L. ptilohyalus</i>: the body is entirely black, except T2–3 are largely orange; the mandible lacks a ventral tooth basally; the head and T2 disc have separated punctures; the mesoscutum has sparse punctures; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.7 × of the wing; the T1 shape is sub-sessile; the T2 fringe is composed of simple setae; and the paramere is virtually straight, laterally subcompressed, and having long setae ventrally throughout its length. Body length 4–6 mm.</p> <p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> USA: <i>Arizona</i>: Maricopa County, Gila River, 10 km S. Arlington, malaise on sand beach, 200 m, 33°13.3’N 112°45.53’W, 25.V–03.VI.2010, M. E. Irwin (1♂, CSCA, Fig. 51).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species has an apparently disjunct distribution in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts (Arizona and California, (USA) and Balsas Dry Forests (Oaxaca, Mexico).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The holotype from Oaxaca, Mexico is separated from the other known specimens of <i>L. ptilohyalus</i> in hot deserts of the USA by over 2300 km. Further collections in Mexico may reveal other populations, or molecular data comparisons between Oaxacan and hot desert specimens may reveal that they are not conspecific. Either way, this is a compelling link between disjunct arid habitats of southern Pacific Mexico and the North American hot deserts.</p>Published as part of <i>Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Luz, David R., Quintero, Diomedes & Pitts, James P., 2019, Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 4564 (1)</i> on page 128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2588770">http://zenodo.org/record/2588770</a>
Lomachaeta litosisyra Williams & Pitts 2009
No full textLomachaeta litosisyra Williams & Pitts, 2009 (Fig. 63) Lomachaeta litosisyra Williams & Pitts, 2009: 234. Holotype, ♂, USA, Arizona, Santa Cruz Co. (EMUS). Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be immediately recognized by the unique genitalia, wherein the paramere is elongate, gradually downcurving, cylindrical, and having an apical tuft of long setae. The following characters are also useful for diagnosis: the body is entirely blackish, except the sometimes reddish tegulae; the head has separated punctures; the mandible is unarmed ventrally; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.7 × of the wing; the T1 shape is sub-sessile; the T2 disc has coarse punctures; and the T2 fringe is composed of simple setae. Body length 4–6 mm. FEMALE. Unknown. Material examined. USA: Arizona: Pima County, Vail Mountain Creek Ranch, 18–25.IV.2006, 1100 m, malaise trap, M. E. Irwin (1♂, paratype, CSCA, Fig. 63). Distribution. Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona, USA and northern Sonora, Mexico. Remarks. The elongate, down-curving, cylindrical paramere shape is unique in Lomachaeta. This morphology is superficially similar to that of L. vacamuerta, except that species has shorter, straighter parameres. The length and curve, however, are similar to that of L. beadugrimi and L. snellingella, except those species have dorsoventrally flattened parameres without an apical setal tuft.Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Luz, David R., Quintero, Diomedes & Pitts, James P., 2019, Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 4564 (1) on pages 122-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/258877
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