1,721,178 research outputs found
Mise à mort et modes de vie : perspectives amazoniennes / Killing and Living : Amazonian Perspectives
No full textPitrou Perig. Mise à mort et modes de vie : perspectives amazoniennes / Killing and Living : Amazonian Perspectives. In: ASDIWAL. Revue genevoise d'anthropologie et d'histoire des religions, n°15, 2020. pp. 181-183
Des êtres vivants et des artefacts
No full textColloque international organisé les 9 et 10 avril 2014 au musée du quai Branly par Perig Pitrou, Ludovic Coupaye et Laura Rival, en partenariat avec le Laboratoire d’anthropologie sociale, la Pépinière interdisciplinaire CNRS-PSL « Domestication et fabrication du vivant », le département de la recherche et de l’enseignement du musée du quai Branly, la Fondation Fyssen et la Ville de Paris. Avec les contributions de Ludovic Coupaye, Roy Ellen, Carole Ferret, Eduardo Kac, Frédéric Keck, Emma Kowal, Dominique Lestel, Doyle McKey, Perig Pitrou, Joanna Radin, Laura Rival, Rupert Stasch et Nancy J. Turner. En dépit des différences existant entre les êtres vivants et les artefacts, il est fréquent que les sociétés humaines tentent d’expliquer certains processus vitaux – tels que la croissance, la reproduction, l’animation – à travers les analogies qu’ils présentent avec les processus techniques, comme on l’observe par exemple dans les mythes de création. Par-delà ces ressemblances, il est surtout intéressant de constater que ces processus s’imbriquent de diverses manières selon que l’on observe les activités agricoles, horticoles ou pastorales, l’incorporation d’artefacts (greffes, ornements), la transformation, rituelle ou non, d’êtres vivants en artefacts ou encore le biomimétisme. La pluralité des actions, de fabrication ou de domestication, grâce auxquelles les humains exercent leur pouvoir sur le vivant renvoie ainsi à des conceptions de la vie qui varient selon les champs de la pratique, les époques ou les cultures. À travers une approche interdisciplinaire et comparatiste s’appuyant sur des enquêtes menées dans des sociétés occidentales et non-occidentales, ce colloque international proposait aux participants de commencer à explorer cette multiplicité. Certaines présentations faites lors du colloque ont donné lieu à des publications dans des revues, elles ne sont donc pas intégrées dans ces Actes, mais sont consultables grâce aux liens suivants : Houdart, Sophie 2015 « Petits récits destinés à joindre les deux bouts des particules au cosmos – en passant par la Suisse », Gradhiva 22 : 106-135. [Lien] Stépanoff, Charles 2015 « Transsingularities : the cognitive foundations of shamanism in Northern Asia », Social Anthropology 23 (2) : 169-185. [Lien] Proceedings edited by Perig Pitrou, Ludovic Coupaye and Fabien Provost International conference organized on the 9th and 10th of April 2014 at the musée du quai Branly by Perig Pitrou, Ludovic Coupaye and Laura Rival, in partnership with the Laboratoire d’anthropologie sociale, the Pépinière interdisciplinaire CNRS-PSL « Domestication et fabrication du vivant », the Department of research and education of the musée du quai Branly, the Fyssen Foundation and the City of Paris. With contributions by Ludovic Coupaye, Roy Ellen, Carole Ferret, Eduardo Kac, Frédéric Keck, Emma Kowal, Dominique Lestel, Doyle McKey, Perig Pitrou, Joanna Radin, Laura Rival, Rupert Stasch and Nancy J. Turner. In spite of the differences that separate living beings and artefacts, human societies frequently attempt to account for certain vital processes –such as growth, reproduction, animation– by making use of to the analogies that they present with technical processes, as we can see in the case of creation myths. Beyond these similarities, it is particularly interesting to notice that such processes are articulated in diverse ways, whether we observe agricultural, horticultural or pastoral activities, the incorporation of artefacts (transplantation, ornament), the transformation –be it ritual or not– of living beings into artefacts, or biomimicry. The plurality of actions, of fabrication or domestication, thanks to which humans exert their power on living beings, reflects certain conceptions of life which vary in function of the fields of practice, historical eras and cultures. Following an interdisciplinary and comparative approach which relies on investigations carried out in both Western and non-Western societies, this conference was offering its participants to begin the exploration of this multiplicity. Certain presentations of the conference led to publications in journals and are therefore not included in these proceedings. They are available at the following links: Houdart, Sophie 2015 « Petits récits destinés à joindre les deux bouts des particules au cosmos – en passant par la Suisse », Gradhiva 22 : 106-135. [Lien] Stépanoff, Charles 2015 « Transsingularities : the cognitive foundations of shamanism in Northern Asia », Social Anthropology 23 (2) : 169-185. [Lien
Biomimétismes
No full textLe biomimétisme est souvent présenté comme une solution à la crise écologique que traversent les sociétés humaines. Pour ses défenseurs, cette approche pourrait instaurer, ou restaurer, un rapport moins destructeur à l’environnement, en adoptant des démarches et des processus de fabrication imitant la nature. Mais au moment d’esquisser les idées directrices pour de nouveaux modèles d’actions individuelles et collectives, il convient de réfléchir aux conceptions de la nature, de la vie et de la technique associées à ces pratiques, et pas seulement dans les sociétés occidentales. Plutôt que de considérer l’imitation de la nature et de la vie comme un mécanisme universel, il s’avère crucial de réfléchir aux fondements anthropologiques du biomimétisme ou – pour insister sur la diversité des pratiques – des « biomimétismes ». Les textes rassemblés dans ce numéro explorent l’inventivité des sociétés, présentes et passées, lorsqu’elles cherchent dans leur environnement une source d’inspiration pour fabriquer des objets et organiser leur existence collective selon des finalités variées
Vida y muerte en Mesoamérica. Comentarios sobre Guilhem Olivier, Cacería, sacrificio y poder en Mesoamérica. Tras las huellas de Mixcoatl, “Serpiente de Nube”. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centramericanos, 2015
No full textThis review examines Guilhem Olivier’s work on Mixcoatl, interweaving themes of hunting, war, sacrifice, and power. The author proposes a complex anthropological vision of Mesoamerican thought through intercultural comparisons.Esta reseña analiza la obra de Guilhem Olivier sobre Mixcoatl, en la que se entrelazan temas de cacería, guerra, sacrificio y poder. El autor propone una visión antropológica compleja del pensamiento mesoamericano, con comparaciones interculturales.Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Méxic
Otherwhere Ethnography: An Introduction to Outer Space Studies
No full textWhat happens when contemporary space exploration outgrows Space Age modernity? In this volume, a collective of social scientists and humanities scholars provides an introduction to the emerging field of outer space studies. This is done by means of "otherwhere ethnography," richly detailed accounts of how space research and space enterprises are being rethought in an age where extraterrestrial exploration is no longer the monopoly of a handful of superpowers. While many off-Earth endeavours remain embedded within characteristically modern forms of thought—scientism, productivism, extractivism, (neo-)colonialism—there is also an emerging trend to move away from such ingrained conceptual frameworks. If one looks beyond the much-hyped projects of billionaire space gurus and their coterie of rocket-obsessed followers, one notices that Space Age modernity can also be thought otherwise, and that the very idea of "exploration" has already mutated into something else. Outer space studies can be envisaged as the antenna that seeks to capture this momentous, ongoing mutation
Introduction: Otherwhere Ethnography, a Means to Reimagine Contemporary Space Exploration
No full textAn introduction to the field of outer space studies is provided by means of a selection of “otherwhere ethnographies,” fine-grained accounts of how space exploration is being reconfigured in an age in which major nation-states are no longer its only prime movers. A key aim is to show that off-Earth enterprises do not necessarily have to be conceived of along the lines of the scientistic, military–industrial, and neocolonial templates espoused by Silicon Valley’s self-proclaimed visionaries. Space Age modernity can also be thought otherwise—indeed, it is already being thought otherwise. Otherwhere ethnography opens a new pathway to grasp the ongoing mutation of the very idea of “exploration.” What transpires, in the end, is the distinctive conceptual provinciality of current fixations with rocketry and the extraterrestrial more generally
The Restaurant at the End of the World
No full textAstronauts have been successful in cultivating a range of edible plants aboard the International Space Station. The narratives that accompany these experiments are marked by optimism for the “future of humanity”; the hope and hype of expanding human civilization off-world; psychological well-being; and, increasingly, sustainable sources of nutrients for the Artemis missions to the moon and beyond to Mars. This chapter explores such narratives and the meaning that people derive from these plants as representative forms of life and utopia. It challenges these narratives, exploring a more subtle, yet equally powerful sentiment of ruin and eschatology. Borrowing from anthropological frameworks on utopia, science, and the Anthropocene, the chapter extends beyond outer space to ask: As the Earth heats and ecological catastrophe abounds, what are the emergent forms of plant–human relations in the end of times, and what is being consumed at the restaurant at the end of the world
The Restaurant at the End of the World
No full textAstronauts have been successful in cultivating a range of edible plants aboard the International Space Station. The narratives that accompany these experiments are marked by optimism for the “future of humanity”; the hope and hype of expanding human civilization off-world; psychological well-being; and, increasingly, sustainable sources of nutrients for the Artemis missions to the moon and beyond to Mars. This chapter explores such narratives and the meaning that people derive from these plants as representative forms of life and utopia. It challenges these narratives, exploring a more subtle, yet equally powerful sentiment of ruin and eschatology. Borrowing from anthropological frameworks on utopia, science, and the Anthropocene, the chapter extends beyond outer space to ask: As the Earth heats and ecological catastrophe abounds, what are the emergent forms of plant–human relations in the end of times, and what is being consumed at the restaurant at the end of the world
The Restaurant at the End of the World
No full textAstronauts have been successful in cultivating a range of edible plants aboard the International Space Station. The narratives that accompany these experiments are marked by optimism for the “future of humanity”; the hope and hype of expanding human civilization off-world; psychological well-being; and, increasingly, sustainable sources of nutrients for the Artemis missions to the moon and beyond to Mars. This chapter explores such narratives and the meaning that people derive from these plants as representative forms of life and utopia. It challenges these narratives, exploring a more subtle, yet equally powerful sentiment of ruin and eschatology. Borrowing from anthropological frameworks on utopia, science, and the Anthropocene, the chapter extends beyond outer space to ask: As the Earth heats and ecological catastrophe abounds, what are the emergent forms of plant–human relations in the end of times, and what is being consumed at the restaurant at the end of the world
Styles of Contemporary Space Exploration: Columbian and Vespuccian Modes of Researching Alien Worlds
No full textContemporary space exploration can be described in terms of two key styles of scientific reasoning, which are equally truthful but incommensurable. It is argued that the central problem of latter-day planetary scientists, astronomers, and astrobiologists is much the same as the metaphysical quandary in which the Renaissance navigators who first sailed across the Atlantic found themselves: How do I conceive of the boundary that I am seeking to traverse? This chapter demonstrates that the basic conceptual options of 21st-century space scientists and of 15th-century seafarers are essentially the same. What is now known as “the interplanetary medium” and what was then known as “the ocean sea” have more in common than meets the eye. By pluralizing outer space, this chapter ultimately unpacks a defining yet rarely examined feature of modern thought: the fact that moderns believe in outer space but—oddly enough—not in outer time
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