145 research outputs found
Perspectives on institutional change - water management in Europe
No full textCONTENTS: Mapping institutional change... 3, Insa Theesfeld, Frauke Pirscher; Affordability as an institutional obstacle to water-related price reforms... 9, Erik Gawel, Wolfgang Bretschneider; Analysing the shortcomings of the Ukrainian urban waste water sector - Institutional options for modernisation ... 35, Herwig Unnerstall, Nina Hagemann; Gemeinschaftsgüter und Gemeinwohl - Theoretischer Erkenntnisgehalt und praktische Relevanz für die Regionalentwicklung am Beispiel von Wasserinfrastrukturen und Kulturlandschaften ... 55, Andreas Röhring, Timothy Moss, Ludger Gailing, Rita Gudermann; Explaining top-down institutional design: The introduction of River Basin Management in Portugal... 85, Andreas Thiel, Catrin Egerton; Decentralization failures in post-socialist fishery management ... 107, Insa Theesfeld, Oscar Schmidt --
Perspectives on institutional change - water management in Europe
No full textCONTENTS: Mapping institutional change... 3, Insa Theesfeld, Frauke Pirscher; Affordability as an institutional obstacle to water-related price reforms... 9, Erik Gawel, Wolfgang Bretschneider; Analysing the shortcomings of the Ukrainian urban waste water sector - Institutional options for modernisation ... 35, Herwig Unnerstall, Nina Hagemann; Gemeinschaftsgüter und Gemeinwohl - Theoretischer Erkenntnisgehalt und praktische Relevanz für die Regionalentwicklung am Beispiel von Wasserinfrastrukturen und Kulturlandschaften ... 55, Andreas Röhring, Timothy Moss, Ludger Gailing, Rita Gudermann; Explaining top-down institutional design: The introduction of River Basin Management in Portugal... 85, Andreas Thiel, Catrin Egerton; Decentralization failures in post-socialist fishery management ... 107, Insa Theesfeld, Oscar Schmid
DIE KOMMODIFIZIERUNG VON MORAL - LASSEN SICH MORALISCHE FRAGEN ZUM UMGANG MIT NUTZTIEREN ÜBER DEN MARKT LÖSEN?
No full textViele Europäer sehen in landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren nicht mehr nur eine Ressource, sondern betrachten sie als Entitäten mit eigenen Interessen. Diese seit einigen Jahren zu beobachtende Einstellungsänderung lässt sich als Umbildungsprozess hin zu einer pathozentrischen Gesellschaft interpretieren. Unklarheit herrscht allerdings darüber, welche konkreten menschlichen Verpflichtungen sich aus dem moralischen Status von Tieren für ihre Haltung, den Transport oder die Tötung ergeben. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Einführung eines staatlichen Tierwohllabels in vielen Ländern und auch auf europäischer Ebene diskutiert, um die Lebensbedingungen von Nutztieren zu verbessern. Die Entscheidung, den Markt als vornehmliche Institution gesellschaftlicher Willensbildung für die moralische Frage des wünschenswerten Umgang mit Tieren zu wählen, ist nicht frei von normativen Annahmen, darüber, wessen Interessen zu berücksichtigen sind, welches ethische Wertkonzept zu bevorzugen ist und wie sich einheitliche Wertvorstellungen in einer Gesellschaft herausbilden. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die Verwendung eines Labels keine institutionelle Veränderung darstellt, die es erlaubt, Nutztiere gleichermaßen um ihrer selbst Willen zu berücksichtigen, sondern in der anthropozentrischen Perspektive verhaftet bleibt. Der Wertmonismus des Marktes kann rechtsbasierte Wertannahmen nicht widerspiegeln, der Markt entbindet zudem Individuen von der Notwendigkeit ihre Wertvorstellungen zu begründen und auf dieser Basis Rechte und Pflichten neu zu verteilen. Die Nachfrage nach tierwohlgelabelten Produkten kann daher nur in sehr begrenzter Weise die Werthaltung der Bevölkerung zu Tierschutz fragen widerspiegeln. Ein Label kann nicht von einer fundamentalen gesellschaftlichen Wertdebatte über den Umgang mit landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren entlasten
Consuming for the Sake of Others: Whose Interests Count on a Market for Animal-Friendly Products?
No full textThe Food Industry in the New EU Member States
No full text The food industries of Eastern European countries are described and evaluated in comparison with the food industry in the European Union as a whole. Most of the indicators investigated show a considerable degree of specificity, which should be taken into account in European policy measures for the sector's competitiveness. Enterprises are on average comparatively small in terms of turnover, but large in terms of employment. Investment intensity is low, but control by foreign affiliates is high. The economic performance of these countries is fair in terms of profitability and production development, but low with respect to employment development and labour productivity. Poland, Latvia and Bulgaria have the best-performing food industries. </jats:p
Willingness to pay and moral stance: The case of farm animal welfare in Germany
No full textThis study examines the impact of ethical attitude on the willingness to pay for farm animal welfare improvement in Germany. Little is known about the pluralism of moral attitudes that may exist behind farm animal welfare issues and its relationship to customers' willingness to pay for it. Via a large survey (n = 1334) we are able to identify different moral dimensions by employing validated scales. We find utilitarian alongside deontological attitudes as well as a mixture of both. Thus, presupposing a standard moral attitude is too simple. This has implications for decision-making on markets, since the implicit normative assumptions of a utilitarian position in economics has to be critically assessed. Furthermore, we asked for the willingness to pay for various aspects of farm animal welfare improvement. We find significant positive correlations between willingness to pay and environmental concern, altruism and less apathy. Measured in Euro, a higher environmental concern has the strongest effect on WTP for all five moral scales. Outliers with higher bids are willing to pay almost five times for any aspect of farm animal welfare than the rest of the sample. A more detailed analysis of outliers demonstrates that market-based approaches have restrictions in capturing certain moral values. Moreover, the motivations behind zero bids reveal that moral concerns outweigh indifference towards animal welfare by far. This has implications how policy can be designed to serve people’s demand for higher animal welfare standards. Two other findings are of interest. First, we find a very high number of people assigning an intrinsic value to animals (90%). Second, zero bids and outlier treatment in WTP-studies deserves more careful consideration, since WTP-estimates are easily skewed by excluding these groups.</div
Perspectives on Institutional Change â Water Management in Europe
No full textAgricultural Finance, Political Economy,
Distinguishing protest responses in contingent valuation: A conceptualization of motivations and attitudes behind them
No full textThe percentage of protesters in contingent valuation surveys is substantial–about 20% across many studies. This paper seeks to clarify the motivations behind protest responses. In addition, the question whether the estimation of willingness to pay (WTP) is more biased by the exclusion or inclusion of protest bids is yet undecided. Methodological improvements are difficult for three reasons: motivations behind protest responses are largely unclear, definitions of protest differ between studies and often only participants who state a zero WTP are asked for their reasons. Our survey on farm animal welfare (n = 1335) provides detailed motivations, two definitions and includes debriefing of all participants for their WTP. We find that protest bids are not a refusal to answer, they are neither irrational nor driven by lack of understanding. Quite the contrary, a large part of participants is directly motivated by moral reasons. Furthermore, protest responses are not coupled to a zero WTP. In our sample, only 8% out of 32% protesting participants had a zero WTP. Only a small fraction of zero bids (0.4%) are true WTP-statements, i.e. respondents were satisfied with the status quo. This finding has important implications for existing WTP-estimates which might be biased. Finally, we provide detailed estimates of the WTP for animal welfare issues by including and excluding different types of protesters and outliers.</div
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