1,720,990 research outputs found
Legal issues of non-payment of allowance for childcare
No full textDodatek za nego otroka in dodatek za pomoč in postrežbo sta dva dodatka v slovenskem sistemu socialne varnosti, ki sta v praksi povzročila veliko zmede in nejasnosti. Zaradi tega avtorica v predmetnem delu opravi celostno analizo abstrahiranega primera, kjer s pomočjo predstavitve relevantnih pravnih pravil opravi pravniški silogizem s sklepanjem iz zgornje premise (terminus maior), ki vsebuje zakonski dejanski stan in to primerja s spodnjo premiso (terminus minor), ki je enaka konkretnemu, abstrahiranemu dejanskemu stanu. Na začetku je opisan abstrahiran dejanski stan, kot se je v več primerih zgodil v praksi. Kot relevantna pravna pravila so nato opisana ustavnopravna temeljna načela, vsebina in razmerje med obema dodatkoma, obvezna navodila s strani materialno pristojnega ministrstva centru za socialno delo, pravila postopkov, po katerih se odloča, odškodninska odgovornost države, predstavitev prelomnih sodnih odločb, rešitev v praksi in na koncu je predstavljeno še mnenje avtorice. Obravnavani problem je torej večplasten, in kot večina pravnih vprašanj tudi ta nima enoznačne rešitve.Allowance for childcare and allowance for assistance and care are two allowances in the Slovenian social security system that have caused a great deal of confusion and ambiguity in practice. For this reason, the author makes a comprehensive analysis of the abstracted case, where by presenting the relevant legal rules she performs a legal syllogism by reasoning from the above premise (terminus maior), which contains the legal factual situation and compares it to the lower premise (terminus minor), which is equal to a concrete, abstracted factual state. At the beginning, an abstract factual situation is described, as it had happened in practise to several subjects. The relevant legal rules are the basic constitutional principles, content and relationship between the two allowances, mandatory instructions from the materially competent ministry to the social work centre, rules of decision-making procedures, state liabilities for damages, presentation of groundbreaking court decisions, solutions, accepted in practice and at the end opinion of the author. As follows from above, the problem is therefore multifaceted, and like most legal issues, does not offer unambiguous solutions
Legal regulation of the whistleblower protection system in Slovenia
No full textZaščita žvižgačev je ključnega pomena za vzpostavitev odprte in etične družbe. Žvižgači igrajo pomembno vlogo pri razkrivanju nepravilnosti in korupcije, kar omogoča ohranjanje transparentnosti v institucijah. Zagotovitev varnega okolja za žvižgače spodbuja odgovornost in integriteto, saj lahko ljudje brez strahu pred povračilnimi ukrepi poročajo o nepravilnostih. Zaščita žvižgačev je torej ključna za vzpostavitev pravičnejše družbe, kjer se spodbuja etično ravnanje ter se odpirajo priložnosti za izboljšave v različnih sektorjih družbe, kar pa koristi tako posameznikom kot tudi družbi kot celoti. Avtorica uvodoma teoretično predstavi temeljne pojme, povezane z žvižgaštvom, pri čemer obravnava tudi različne definicije pojmov »žvižgaštvo« in »žvižgač«. Nadalje je predstavljena pretekla in trenutna pravna ureditev zaščite žvižgačev v Republiki Sloveniji, avtorica pa se dotakne tudi Direktive (EU) 2019/1937 o zaščiti oseb, ki prijavijo kršitve prava EU. Ta del zajema tudi predstavitev pravne ureditve, ki je na tem področju veljala pred sprejetjem Zakona o zaščiti prijaviteljev (ZZPri) ter analizo trenutne ureditve in prej omenjenega zakona. Temu sledi poglavje, ki s praktičnega vidika analizira zaščito žvižgačev v praksi, pri čemer so predstavljeni nekateri primeri odmevnejših žvižgačev pri nas ter uspešnost s tem povezanih sodnih postopkov. V zaključnem delu je predstavljen celostni pogled na ustreznost trenutne ureditve zaščite žvižgačev in možnosti za izboljšave na tem področju.Whistleblower protection is key to building an open and ethical society. Whistleblowers play an important role in exposing irregularities and corruption, which helps to maintain transparency in institutions. Providing a safe environment for whistleblowers promotes accountability and integrity, as people can report wrongdoing without fear of reprisals. Whistleblower protection is therefore key to creating a fairer society, where ethical behaviour is encouraged and opportunities for improvement are opened up in different sectors of society, which in turn benefits both individuals and society as a whole. The author starts with a theoretical introduction to the basic concepts related to whistleblowing, including the different definitions of the terms "whistleblowing" and "whistleblower". The author then discusses the past and current legal framework for the protection of whistleblowers in the Republic of Slovenia, and touches upon Directive (EU) 2019/1937 on the protection of persons who report breaches of EU law. This part of the report is mainly concerned with the legal regime in force in this area before the adoption of the Whistleblower Protection Act and with an analysis of the current regime and the aforementioned Act. This is followed by a chapter analysing whistleblower protection from a practical point of view, presenting some of the more high-profile whistleblower cases in the country and the success of the related legal proceedings. The final part of the chapter presents an overall view of the adequacy of the current whistleblower protection regime and the scope for improvement in this area
Regulation of systems on the promotion of the use of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Slovenia
No full textMagistrsko diplomsko delo z naslovom Regulacija sistemov spodbujanje rabe obnovljivih virov energije (OVE) v Republiki Sloveniji obravnava številna pravna in ekonomska vprašanja v zvezi s pristopi slovenskega zakonodajalca (v relaciji do prava EU) k spodbujanju rabe obnovljivih virov energije vse od začetka 21. stoletja do danes. Avtor uvodoma opravi opredelitev tistih virov energije, ki so širše obravnavani kot obnovljivi, kateri sledi povzetek do sedaj izvedenih projektov OVE na območju Republike Slovenije in hkrati tudi tistih, ki so trenutno v teku. Nadalje avtor – z vidika ugotovitev teorije – povzema izbrane regulatorne prakse držav članic EU in opozarja na vprašanja do sedaj uporabljenih pravnih podlag primarne zakonodaje prava EU pri zasnovi konceptov spodbujanja rabe OVE. V sklopu obravnave prava EU v nadaljevanju avtor med drugim analizira razvoj sekundarne zakonodaje, s poudarkom na Direktivi (EU) 2018/2001 o spodbujanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih virov. Temu sledi podrobnejši pregled ukrepov slovenskega zakonodajalca na področju OVE in relevantnih podzakonskih izvedbenih aktov, ki se nanašajo na določbe Energetskega zakona (EZ) iz leta 1999 in njegovih novel ter Energetskega zakona (EZ-1) iz leta 2014. V sklepni fazi magistrskega diplomskega dela pa avtor obravnava še Zakon o spodbujanju rabe obnovljivih virov energije, ki trenutno predstavlja osrednji pravni akt v slovenskem pravnem sistemu na področju spodbujanja rabe OVE.Master\u27s thesis titled Regulation of Systems on the Promotion of the use of Renewable Energy Sources in the Republic of Slovenia addresses legal and economic issues pertinent to the approaches of the Slovenian legislator (also regarding the EU law) to promotion of the use of renewable energy sources (RES) from the beginning of the 21st century to the present day. The author starts by defining the energy sources that are broadly considered renewable, followed by a summary of the RES projects that have been implemented so far in the territory of the Republic of Slovenia and those that are currently ongoing. Furthermore, the author summarises – in the light of the findings of the theory – selected regulatory practices of the EU Member States and points out the issues of the legal bases of the primary EU law applied so far in the conception of promotion of the use of RES. In the context of the discussion of the EU law, the author further analyses the development of the secondary legislation, focusing on the Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources. This is followed by a more detailed overview of the Slovenian legislator\u27s measures in the field of RES and relevant sub-legislative implementing acts, referring to the provisions of the Energy Act (EZ) of 1999 and its amendments and the Energy Act (EZ-1) of 2014. In the final phase of the Master\u27s thesis, the author also discusses the Act on the Promotion of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources, which currently constitutes the central legal act in the Slovenian legal system in the field of the promotion of the use of RES
The effects of substantial provision\u27s change on the decision-making process in the administrative procedure
Get PDFVprašanje uporabe ustreznega materialnega predpisa s časovnega vidika se zastavlja v povezavi z odločanjem upravnih organov v upravnem postopku, tako na prvi kot tudi na drugi stopnji. Zaradi vezanosti na načelo zakonitosti morajo organi pri odločanju o pravicah, obveznostih ali pravnih koristi strank uporabljati veljavne predpise, kar na podlagi interpretacije določila prvega odstavka 6. člena Zakona o splošnem upravnem postopku sprejete v upravni teoriji in praksi praviloma pomeni predpise, ki veljajo ob izdaji prvostopenjske odločbe. Še vedno pa ostaja sporno vprašanje, ali to načelo veže upravne organe tudi v primeru ponovnega odločanja, če je bila prvostopenjska odločba v pritožbenem postopku zaradi materialnih ali formalnih kršitev odpravljena, v vmesnem času (po izdaji prvostopenjske odločbe) pa se je predpis, ki je bil podlaga za prvostopenjsko odločitev, spremenil. To vprašanje se ne zastavi, v kolikor ga novi predpis v prehodnih določbah že sam razreši. Ker pa zakonodajalec tega pogosto ne uredi, imajo upravni organi zaradi neenotne upravne in sodne prakse pri ponovnem odločanju velikokrat težavo, saj ne vedo, po katerem predpisu morajo odločati.
Magistrsko delo analizira učinke spremembe materialnega predpisa na odločanje v upravnem postopku. V njem so predstavljeni argumenti, ki govorijo v prid stališču, da je potrebno pri ponovnem odločanju uporabiti spremenjeni predpis in argumenti, ki govorijo proti temu stališču, analizirana pa bodo tudi nekatera druga vprašanja, ki se v upravni praksi pojavljajo v zvezi s spremembami predpisov. Na koncu bo avtorica glede vprašanj, povezanih z uporabo materialnega prava s časovnega vidika, zavzela svoje mnenje in predlagala ureditev de lege ferenda.When administrative authorities are deciding in the administrative procedure on the first as well as on the second instance, they are often facing the question of which adequate substantial provision to apply. Bounded to the principle of legality, the administrative authorities have to use the provisions in force when deciding on the rights, obligations and legal interests of the partiesaccording to the interpretation of Article 6(1) of the Slovenian Administrative Procedure Act, set by the administrative theory and practice, this means that the authorities must use the provisions which are in force when a first-instance decision is issued. However, it still remains disputed whether the administrative authorities are also bounded to the principle of legality when reconsidering the same matter in cases where the first-instance decision had been annulled in the appeal proceedings due to the substantial or procedural violations, while the substantial provision applied when accepting the first-instance decision has changed in the meantime. This does not raise an issue when it is already clarified within the new provisions. Nevertheless, since the legislator does often not resolve this question when adopting new substantial provisions, the administrative authorities usually face a big problem when reconsidering the remitted decisiondue to the non-uniform administrative and judicial case-law, it is not clear to them, which provision to apply.
The present master thesis will analyse how the changed of substantial provisions affect the decision-making in the administrative procedure. The author will introduce arguments, which speak in favour of the view that a new provision has to be used when reconsidering the decision, and also the arguments which speak against this point of view. Some other questions, which are raised in the administrative practice with regard to the provision alternation, will also be presented. At the end, the author will adopt her own position and present a regulation de lege ferenda regarding the application of the substantial law from the temporal view
Creation and development of the administrative-legal institute of financial corrections of EU funds through the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the EU and national courts of the Republic of Sl
No full textPredmet obravnave doktorske disertacije je pravni inštitut finančnih popravkov, ki se nanaša na različne pravne postopke finančnega korigiranja (domnevnih) napak pri dodeljevanju oz. porabi sofinancerskih sredstev iz EU skladov. Disertacija zajema tri vsebinske sklope:
- V prvem delu, tj. v poglavju »Opredelitev in sistemska umestitev finančnih popravkov«, disertacija najprej opredeljuje termin finančnih popravkov ter ga obravnava tudi v konktestu širšega teleološkega vidika. Nadalje pa zadevni institut vsebinsko umešča v kontekst proračuna EU oz. njegovih (proračunskih) Skladov EU ter ga identificira kot del sistema upravljanja in nazora v sistemu deljenega upravljanja sredstev proračuna EU s strani Evropske komisije in držav članic.
- Naslednje poglavje »Finančni popravki Evropske komisije« se osredotoča na postopke uveljavljanja finančnih popravkov Evropske komisije v razmerjih do držav članic. Skozi prizmo predvsem sodne prakse Sodišča EU so v tem poglavju vsebinsko obravnavani posamezni sklopi pravnih vprašanj, ki jih disertacija evidentira kot ključne za razumevanje pravnega ustroja obravnavanega inštituta finančnih popravkov.
- Poglavje »Finančnih popravki držav članic (Republike Slovenije)« pa nato zajema razpravo glede več pravnih aspektov razumevanja in aplikacije obravnavanega pravnega inštituta predvsem tudi v dosedanji sodni praksi slovenskih nacionalnih sodišč.This doctoral thesis examines the legal institute of financial corrections, which refers to multiple different legal procedures (to be) carried out as a consequence of alleged mistakes in the process of allocation or use of EU funds. The dissertation consists of three sections:
- In the first section of the disertation, i.e. in the chapter 2, author firstly dicusses and defines the term of financial corrections in the context of a wider teleological aspect a well defines the institute of financial corrections in the context of the shared management of EU (budgetary) funds between the Comission and the Member States.
- Secondly, the next chapter "Financial corrections of the European Commission", focuses on the procedures for enforcing financial corrections of the European Commission in relation to Member States.
- Thirdly, the chapter "Financial corrections of member states (Republic of Slovenia)« covers a discussion on several legal aspects regarding the understanding and application of the legal institute, with special focus on the current case law of Slovenian national courts
The ability of economic operators to participate in public procurement procedures
Get PDFSposobnost gospodarskih subjektov za sodelovanje v postopkih javnega naročanja je skupni izraz za vsebinsko različne vrste okoliščin, ki jih mora gospodarski subjekt izpolnjevati, če želi naročnika prepričati, da je sposoben izvesti javno naročilo. Veljavna zakonodaja razlikuje med izključitvenimi razlogi, ki so povezani z osebnim statusom gospodarskega subjekta ter pogoji za sodelovanje, ki se nanašajo na poklicno, finančno in strokovno sposobnost ponudnikov. Naročnik mora absolutne (obvezne) izključitvene razloge vedno preveriti in gospodarski subjekt, pri katerem je takšen razlog podan, izključiti iz nadaljnjega postopka javnega naročanja. Fakultativni izključitveni razlogi po drugi strani naročniku omogočajo diskrecijo, ali jih bo, glede na njihov pomen za konkretno javno naročilo, v postopek vključil ali ne. Pri tem mora ravnati v skladu z načelom transparentnosti in njihovo vsebino čim bolj jasno in natančno opredeliti. Še večja stopnja avtonomije je naročnikom prepuščena pri izbiri pogojev za sodelovanje. Naročnik je tisti, ki mora v vsakem posamičnem postopku oddaje javnega naročila, upoštevajoč specifičnost predmeta javnega naročila in morebitne posebne okoliščine v zvezi z njegovo izvedbo, določiti vsebinske, vrednostne in časovne kriterije posameznih pogojev ter način njihovega izkazovanja. Ob tem mora poleg načela enakopravne obravnave ponudnikov upoštevati tudi načelo sorazmernosti, kar pomeni, da mora vsebino pogojev prilagoditi značilnostim in naravi javnega naročila. Povedano drugače, naročnik lahko določi le tiste zahteve, ki so povezane z javnim naročilom in ki zagotavljajo, da bo ponudnik, ki bo izkazal njihovo izpolnjevanje, usposobljen za kvalitetno izvedbo javnega naročila.The ability of economic operators to participate in public procurement procedures is a common term for the substantively different types of circumstances, that an economic operator has to fulfil in order to persuade a contracting authority that he is able to perform a public contract. The applicable legislation distinguishes between the grounds for exclusion from the public procurement procedure, which are related to the personal status of the economic operator and the selection criteria that relate to the professional, financial and technical capability of the tenderers. The contracting authority must always verify mandatory grounds for exclusion and exclude the economic operator, with which such grounds are given. Facultative exclusion grounds on the other hand allow contracting authorities a discretion, whether they will include such in the procedure. This mainly depends on their significance for the concrete public contract. In accordance with the principle of transparency, the content of non-compulsory grounds for exclusion should be clearly and precisely defined. Contracting authorities have even more autonomy when choosing the selection criteria. The contracting authority is the one who should, in each individual public procurement procedure and in the light of the specific nature of the subject of the contract and any special circumstances related to its implementation, determine the substantive, value and time criteria of the individual conditions and the manner of their disclosure. In addition to the principle of equal treatment of tenderers, the principle of proportionality must also be respected, which means that the content of the selection criteria must be adapted to the characteristics and nature of the public contract. In other words, the contracting authority may only determine selection criteria that are related to the public contract and which ensure that the chosen tenderer will fulfil their obligation in a quality manner
References in public procurement procedures, with an emphasis on recent decisions of the National Review Commission
No full textMagistrsko diplomsko delo z naslovom Reference v postopkih javnega naročanja s poudarkom na novejši praksi Državne revizijske komisije celovito obravnava institut referenc v javnem naročanju. Pojem je najprej predstavljen na podlagi definicije Državne revizijske komisije in zakonskih določb Zakona o javnem naročanju, kjer so reference urejene v 76. členu kot eden izmed možnih pogojev za sodelovanje, ki jih naročnik lahko zahteva od ponudnikov v postopkih javnega naročanja. Opredeljene so zahteve za določitev referenčnih pogojev, torej glede vsebine, oblike, sorazmernosti. Vsaka zahteva je še dodatno ponazorjena z odločitvami Državne revizijske komisije, ki je državni organ in odloča o zakonitosti postopkov javnih naročil v Republiki Sloveniji. V magistrskem diplomskem delu se ukvarjam z vprašanji, ali je referenca lahko predmet pravnega posla, komu se pripiše referenca v primeru sodelovanja skupine ponudnikov in pod katerimi pogoji se lahko ponudnik glede referenčnega pogoja sklicuje na zmogljivosti drugega. Zajeta je tudi najnovejša praksa Državne revizijske komisije glede poseganja v zasedbo ponudnika po poteku roka za oddajo ponudb in posledične zamenjave podizvajalca in njegove reference. Pravo Evropske unije daje področju javnega naročanja regulatorni okvir, zato se v magistrskem delu sklicujem tudi na nekatere najpomembnejše odločitve Sodišča Evropske unije, na katere se sklicuje tudi Državna revizijska komisija. Bistvo magistrskega diplomskega dela je, da predstavi pojem reference skozi različne vire s poudarkom na odločitvah Državne revizijske komisije.The master\u27s thesis titled References in Public Procurement Procedures, with an Emphasis on Recent Decisions of the National Review Commission, offers a comprehensive review of the legal institute of references in public procurement. In the present work the concept is firstly presented on the basis of the definition of the National Review Commission and legal provisions of the Public Procurement Act, in which references or technical abilities are regulated in Article 76 as one of the possible conditions for participation that the contracting authority may require from tenderers in public procurement procedures. The requirements for determining the conditions regarding technical ability are defined in terms of content, form, and proportionality. Each condition is further illustrated by the decisions of the National Review Commission, which is the Slovenian state body that provides legal protection to tenderers at all procedural levels of the award of public contracts. Present work also deals with the question of whether a reference can be the subject of a legal transaction, to whom the reference is attributed in case of participation of the group of tenderers, and under what conditions can the tenderer refer to the capacity of another economic operator. European union law provides a regulatory framework for public procurement, thus the references to some of the most important decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union, also referred to by the National Review Commission, are included in the present work. The primary aim of this master\u27s thesis is to present the concept of technical ability through various sources, with emphasis on the decisions of the National Review Commission
Basic models of Energy Performance Contracting in the Public Sector
No full textMagistrsko delo z naslovom Osnovni modeli pogodbenega zagotavljanja prihrankov energije v javnem sektorju, obravnava pravne vidike poslovnega modela pogodbenega zagotavljanja prihrankov energije. Pogodbeno zagotavljanje prihrankov energije predstavlja širok nabor ukrepov usmerjenih v doseganje učinkovitejše rabe energije na celotnem področju oskrbe z energijo, razvilo pa se je kot rešitev na pomanjkanje finančnih sredstev javnega sektorja za doseganje navedenih ciljev. Delo je namenjeno predstavitvi materialnopravnih in procesnopravnih vidikov modelov pogodbenega zagotavljanja prihrankov energije, projekti katerih se izvajajo v obliki javno-zasebnega partnerstva, natančneje v obliki koncesijskega partnerstva.
Osrednja tema magistrskega dela je prikaz osnovnih pogodb pogodbenega zagotavljanja prihrankov energijev ta namen sta podrobneje predstavljena v praksi dva najpogostejša pogodbena koncepta, in sicer: pogodbena oskrbo z energijo in pogodbeno zagotavljanje prihrankov energije. Sledi prikaz možnosti oblikovanja javno-zasebnega partnerstva in porazdelitve poslovnih ter operativnih tveganj med pogodbenima strankama. Ker je Slovenija leta 2019 sprejela nov Zakon o nekaterih koncesijskih pogodbah, so pravni vidiki postopka izbire zasebnega partnerja oziroma koncesionarja opisani ob upoštevanju obeh zakonov, in sicer tako Zakona o javno-zasebnem partnerstvu, kot Zakona o nekaterih koncesijskih pogodbah. Zaključno poglavje tega dela je namenjeno krajši analizi preprečevanja potencialnega zadolževanja javnega sektorja pri uporabi poslovnega modela pogodbenega zagotavljanja prihrankov energije.The master\u27s thesis deals with the legal aspects of the business model of energy performance contracting. Energy performance contracting represents a wide range of measures aimed at achieving more efficient energy use across the entire filed od energy supply. It has been developed as a solution to the lack of public sector financial resources to achieve these objectives. The aim of this work is to present the substantive and procedural legal aspects of energy performance contracting models, projects of which are implemented in the form of public-private partnership, more specifically in the form of concession partnership.
The main theme of the master’s thesis is the presentation of basic contracts of energy performance contractingto this end, two of the most common contracting concepts in practice are presented in more detail, namely: energy supply contracting and energy performance contracting. This is followed by an illustration of the possibility of forming a public-private partnership and the allocation of business and operational risks between the contracting parties. As Slovenia adopted a new Act on Certain Concession Contracts in 2019, the legal aspects of the process of selecting a private partner or concessionaire are described in the light of both the Public-Private Partnership Act and the Act on Certain Concession Contracts. The final chapter of this part is intended for a brief analysis of prevention of possible growing government deficit and debt in the application of the energy performance contracting business model
Public procurement procedure and restriction of competition by bid rigging
Get PDFV magistrski nalogi z naslovom Postopek javnega naročanja in omejevanje konkurence s prikrojevanjem ponudb, je predstavljena problematika sklepanja omejevalnih sporazumov med ponudniki na javnih razpisih. Naročniki, ki so zavezani voditi postopke javnega naročanja, morajo, zaradi uresničevanja načela zagotavljanja konkurence in gospodarnosti, iz postopka izločiti vse nesamostojne ponudbe, ki so plod nedopustnega dogovarjanja med ponudniki. S sporazumi le-ti izključijo medsebojno tekmovanje in se vnaprej dogovorijo, kdo izmed njih bo najuspešnejši na razpisu, ter kolikšna bo cena v zmagovalni ponudbi. Slednje ima za posledico višje cene, znižuje se kvaliteta predmetov javnega naročanja, hkrati pa se zavira tehnološki razvoj. Take vrste sporazumov imenujemo prikrojevanje ponudb, ali s tujko bid rigging, za njegovo odkrivanje in sankcioniranje pa je pristojna Javna agencija Republike Slovenije za varstvo konkurence (v nadaljevanju: Agencija). Za uspešno odkrivanje prikrojenih ponudb mora naročnik poznati značilnosti panoge, analizirati trg, hraniti dokumente preteklih razpisov in konkretno vsebinsko preučiti predložene ponudbe, da uspešno prepozna indice. Potrebno je močno sodelovanje med naročniki in Agencijo, da se zagotovi pretok informacij, na podlagi katerih se, primarno, ponudbo izloči iz konkretnega postopka, sekundarno, pa izvede prekrškovni postopek pred Agencijo, ki odkrije morebitni omejevalni sporazum, ter udeležena podjetja in odgovorne ustrezno sankcionira. V nalogi je bila predstavljena kritika prakse Upravnega sodišča Republike Slovenije (v nadaljevanju: Upravno sodišče) in Državne revizijske komisije (v nadaljevanju: DKOM) glede presojanja omejevalnih sporazumov po cilju ali po učinku, ki nalaga Agenciji in naročnikom breme presojanja učinkov sporazumov na konkurenco, dasiravno je praksa Sodišča EU jasna glede dejstva, da je za primere prikrojevanja ponudb že po naravi kršitve izkazana zadostna stopnja škodljivosti za konkurenco na določenem trgu. Zagotovo pa velja, da mora naročnik ponudniku omogočiti, da se izjavi in predloži dokaze o neodvisnosti in zanesljivosti ter ustrezno utemeljiti odločitev o nedopustnosti ponudbe.In the master\u27s thesis entitled Public procurement procedure and restriction of competition by bid rigging, the issue of concluding restrictive agreements between tenderers in public tenders is presented. Contracting entities which are obligated to conduct public procurement procedures must, in order to implement the principle of ensuring fair competition and economy, exclude from the procedure all non-independent offers which are the result of inadmissible collusion between tenderers. With the agreements, they exclude mutual competition and agree in advance which of them will be the most successful, and what the price will be in the winning tender. The latter results in higher prices, a decreasing quality of public procurement objects, and at the same time inhibits technological development. Such types of agreements are called bid rigging, or prikrojevanje ponudb in Slovenian, and the Public Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for the protection of competition is responsible for its detection and sanctioning. In order to successfully discover bid rigging, the contracting entities must know the characteristics of the branch, analyze the market, preserve documents from previous tenders and concretely examine the content of the submitted offers, in order to successfully identify clues. Strong cooperation between contracting authorities and the Agency is needed to ensure the flow of information, based on which, primarily, the tender is excluded from the specific procedure, and secondarily, a misdemeanor procedure is conducted before the Agency, which detects a possible restrictive agreement, and sanctions the involved companies and person responsible. The paper presented a critique of the case law of the Administrative Court and DKOM regarding the assessment of restrictive agreements by objective or effect, which imposes on the Agency and contracting authorities the burden of assessing the effects of agreements on competition. The case law of the Court of Justice of the EU is clear, that for the cases of bid rigging, the nature of the infringement demonstrates a sufficient degree of harmfulness to competition in a given market. It is certainly true, however, that the contracting authority must allow the tenderer to declare and provide evidence of independence and reliability, and duly justify the decision on the inadmissibility of the tender
Impunity of economic operator as an obligatory ground for exclusion from public procurement procedure
No full textV magistrskem diplomskem delu je obravnavana nekaznovanost gospodarskega subjekta kot obligatorni razlog za izključitev iz postopka javnega naročanja. Skozi predstavitev dilem, ki jih prinaša zakonodajna ureditev tega razloga za izključitev v Zakonu o javnem naročanju (ZJN-3) in skozi prakso Državne revizijske komisije za revizijo postopkov oddaje javnih naročil (DKOM), želim v svoji magistrski nalogi prikazati, da so zakonodajne določbe glede preverjanja nekaznovanosti gospodarskih subjektov, ki sodelujejo pri postopkih javnega naročanja, nejasne in preverjanje izpolnjevanja tega pogoja v praksi povzroča težave. DKOM je s svojim sklepom št. 018-009/2018-6, ki je podrobneje obravnavan v magistrskem diplomskem delu, naročnike postavila v neugoden položaj, saj so morali izpolnjevanje pogoja nekaznovanosti ponudnikov preverjati na drugačen način, kot so to počeli pred spornim sklepom. Način preverjanja nekaznovanosti ponudnikov na dan oddaje ponudbe je terjal nesorazmerno obremenjenost naročnikov, ponudnikov in tudi zaposlenih na Ministrstvu za pravosodje Republike Slovenije, ki izdajajo potrdila o nekaznovanosti. Težave, s katerimi so se srečevali sodelujoči v postopkih javnega naročanja, je prepoznal tudi zakonodajalec, ki je to področje uredil z novelama ZJN-3B ter ZJN-3D in poenostavil način preverjanja in dokazovanja neobstoja razlogov za izključitev na podlagi prvega odstavka 75. člena ZJN-3.The master\u27s thesis discusses the economic operator\u27s impunity as an obligatory ground for exclusion from a public procurement procedure. By presenting the dilemmas arising from the regulation of this ground for exclusion in the Public Procurement Act (PPA-3) and through the practice of the National Review Commission for Reviewing Public Procurement Procedures (National Review Commission), the master\u27s thesis aims to demonstrate that the legislative provisions relating to verifying the impunity of economic operators involved in public procurement procedures are ambiguous and that it is difficult to verify the fulfilment of this condition in practice. With its decision No. 018-009/2018-6, which the thesis examines in greater detail, the National Review Commission has put contracting authorities in an unfavourable position, as they had to verify whether tenderers fulfil the condition of impunity in a different way than before the controversial decision. The manner of verifying the impunity of tenderers on the date of submitting the tender resulted in a disproportionate burden on contracting authorities, tenderers, and even employees at the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Slovenia who issue certificates of impunity. The difficulties faced by participants in public procurement procedures have been acknowledged by the legislator that has regulated this area by amendments PPA-3B and PPA-3D, thus simplifying the manner of verifying and proving the absence of grounds for exclusion according to paragraph 1 of Article 75 of the PPA-3
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