5 research outputs found
Budowa systemu ograniczonego pluralizmu politycznego w ramach fundamentów ustrojowych narodowej Hiszpanii w okresie wojny domowej
No full textIn this article the author aims to present the process of building a limited political pluralism system within the basic political institutions of Francoist Spain during the civil war of 1936–1939. Primarily, the author outlines the political structure of the national camp during the first months of the civil war. Subsequently, the basic normative acts constituting the foundations of the political system of the Spanish national institutions were presented, together with the description of the established institutions’ factual operation. These were the central administration bodies, i.e. State Technical Council (Junta Técnica del Estado) from October 1, 1936 to January 30, 1938, and then the government of Spain. The latter organ, apart from the basic function of the administrative apparatus, was a center for bringing together the representatives of the licensed political movements of the national camp and for the clashing of their programs. In addition, the process of political unification in the form of the Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx and that of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive (Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista; FET y de las JONS), an organization resembling a monoparty, founded on the program and tradition of the pre-war Spanish Phalanx, which was enriched and redefined by other political circles participating in the movement, is presented. Ultimately, the paper presents the ideological sources of the Spanish limited political pluralism model, pointing to the tradition of Carlism thought, Phalangism and the Acción Española movement. The conclusion resulting from the analysis is that the model adopted in Spain during the Civil War, which ensures, always limited, but still significant political pluralism within the ruling camp, resembles authoritarian rather than totalitarian solutions.In this article the author aims to present the process of building a limited political pluralism system within the basic political institutions of Francoist Spain during the civil war of 1936–1939. Primarily, the author outlines the political structure of the national camp during the first months of the civil war. Subsequently, the basic normative acts constituting the foundations of the political system of the Spanish national institutions were presented, together with the description of the established institutions’ factual operation. These were the central administration bodies, i.e. State Technical Council (Junta Técnica del Estado) from October 1, 1936 to January 30, 1938, and then the government of Spain. The latter organ, apart from the basic function of the administrative apparatus, was a center for bringing together the representatives of the licensed political movements of the national camp and for the clashing of their programs. In addition, the process of political unification in the form of the Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx and that of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive (Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista; FET y de las JONS), an organization resembling a monoparty, founded on the program and tradition of the pre-war Spanish Phalanx, which was enriched and redefined by other political circles participating in the movement, is presented. Ultimately, the paper presents the ideological sources of the Spanish limited political pluralism model, pointing to the tradition of Carlism thought, Phalangism and the Acción Española movement. The conclusion resulting from the analysis is that the model adopted in Spain during the Civil War, which ensures, always limited, but still significant political pluralism within the ruling camp, resembles authoritarian rather than totalitarian solutions
The importance of wine in modern economic and cultural diplomacy
No full textThe considerations in this article are an attempt to grasp and deeply analyze the relationship between wine and politics in the contemporary world. The importance of wine on the international stage is a multi-threaded topic, but the work focuses primarily on the special role of wine in the cross-country dimension. The author uses the method of case study analysis to present the activities of Russia’s economic diplomacy and France’s cultural diplomacy. Their example allows us to understand the role of wine in the implementation of individual foreign policy goals, including strengthening the power and prestige of the state in the international arena
Precision in preservation: mastering cadaver embalming with the femoral artery approach — a technical note
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Human anatomy is a fundamental aspect of a physician’s knowledge. While novel technologies offer innovative ways to teach anatomy, cadavers remain an essential component of anatomical education. The quality of specimens begins with well-preserved cadavers, and the chosen vascular access for injection plays a crucial role. Unfortunately, there is a lack of literature regarding embalming procedures, as discourse on such practices could enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of anatomical instruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, a femoral artery approach is described for embalming, which entails a meticulous process of cutting through the skin, and navigating through fascias and adipose tissue by means of blunt dissection, ultimately reaching the artery for embalming injection. Tips and techniques pertaining to this technique are provided, including vital details for convenient accessibility and minimal impairment of tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The objective of this study is to facilitate anatomists and technicians in the adoption of the femoral artery approach, and to encourage further exploration of alternative embalming methods, thus contributing to the continuous advancement of anatomical sciences
Diagnostic Methods Used in Detecting Syphilis in Paleopathological Research—A Literature Review
No full textSyphilis is a disease caused by Treponema pallidum. It is primarily transmitted sexually or vertically during pregnancy. The origin is twofold, namely, it comes from America or Europe. Syphilis was first recorded in a human skeleton in the 11th century. However, signs of treponemal disease were observed in osteological material from a Pleistocene bear. Hence, it is necessary to study syphilis on bone material to better understand the etiology of the above disease and, consequently, introduce preventive measures. Examination of syphilis on skeletal material can be performed at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Those methods refer to the visual assessment of skeletal material, namely the identification of characteristic pathological changes caused by syphilis, such as periostitis, which manifests itself as thickenings on the bone surface, and syphilis nodules (gummata), which are defects in the bones. Most often, these changes are found on long bones such as the tibia, femur, and skull. Radiological methods may be used, such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), Micro-CT (ICT), as well as molecular examination. Summarizing, this review is an overview of the latest methodology regarding syphilis research on skeletal material, thanks to which it can better understand its genesis
Precision in preservation: mastering cadaver embalming with the femoral artery approach — a technical note
Get PDFBackground: Human anatomy is a fundamental aspect of a physician’s knowledge. While novel technologies offer innovative ways to teach anatomy, cadavers remain an essential component of anatomical education. The quality of specimens begins with well-preserved cadavers, and the chosen vascular access for injection plays a crucial role. Unfortunately, there is a lack of literature regarding embalming procedures, as discourse on such practices could enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of anatomical instruction.
Materials and methods: In this study, a femoral artery approach is described for embalming, which entails a meticulous process of cutting through the skin, and navigating through fascias and adipose tissue by means of blunt dissection, ultimately reaching the artery for embalming injection. Tips and techniques pertaining to this technique are provided, including vital details for convenient accessibility and minimal impairment of tissue.
Conclusions: The objective of this study is to facilitate anatomists and technicians in the adoption of the femoral artery approach, and to encourage further exploration of alternative embalming methods, thus contributing to the continuous advancement of anatomical sciences
