3,211 research outputs found
The Recognition of Fires Originating from Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Systems
No full textThere has been an observable increase in the fitting of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels on the roofs
of buildings in the UK over the last decade. The origin of some fires in domestic and commercial
properties has been attributed to PV systems. This thesis examines the ability of fire examiners to
recognise and record details of fires believed to have originated from PV systems, as well as
investigating the effect of internal heating in direct current (DC) isolators to the point at which they
fail.
National fire data was examined along with the methods for collecting and collating these data.
This clarified that national fire data cannot identify the specifics of electrical fires. Validity of these
data was then tested by identifying the confidence and competence in the recognition of the origin
of fire, (especially when associated with PV systems), of some fire staff responsible for collecting
fire data. This suggests that some fire scenes examiners are not confident in their own ability to
recognise fires originating from PV systems. Evidence for fires occurring in PV systems in Kent
between 2009 and 2014 was then examined, including a cold case forensic review of the
evidence. This provided an indication that a potential common point of failure, which may lead to
fire originating from a PV system, was to be found within the DC section of the PV circuits and
probably within the DC isolator switch itself. Experimentation revealed that internal heating of a
terminal connection can lead to changes of the phase of the insulating material, causing failure of
structural integrity and therefore allowing an arc to be established. Observable post fire indicators
associated with this mechanism of failure have been identified as well as hydrocarbons evolved
from pyrolysis of isolator insulating material.
Finally, areas for further experimental research and training of fire staff are suggested as well as
the modification of recording mechanisms and building regulations
\u27Chase\u27 Pinto Dry Bean
No full textThe release of ‘Chase’ fulfills a need in southwestern Nebraska for a Pinto dry bean cultivar (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with resistance to rust [Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger] and several bacterial diseases. Rust, common bacterial blight [Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye], and bacterial brown spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall) diseases have recently reduced bean yields and seed quality of Pinto dry beans in that region and northeastern Colorado. ‘Chase’ is the first Pinto cultivar that combines resistance to rust(races of rust prevalent in recent years in Nebraska and Colorado), bacterial brown spot, halo blight [P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (Burkholder)], moderate resistance to common blight, and moderate avoidance of white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] due to a porous canopy. ‘Chase’ also has resistance to potato leafhopper “bum” injury caused by Empoasca fabae Harris.
Origin
We deemed it important to develop an early maturing Pinto line with resistance to rust and common blight and with moderate avoidance to white mold. ‘Chase’ (evaluated as PWM2-89-5 from 1989 to 1992) was derived by pedigree selection (Fig. 1) from a cross of a Nebraska (NE) Great Northern (GN) breeding line GN WM2-84- 17 (upright plant habit, moderately early, resistant to common bacterial blight and rust, and moderate avoidance of white mold) and a NE Pinto (P) breeding line PWM2-84-45 (prostrate habit, early maturity, good Pinto seed size and shape, rust-resistant, but susceptible to white mold and common blight). These lines were derived from intercrosses of P and GN lines that were derived from pedigree selection from crosses of GN Nebraska #1 selection 27 (late-maturing, Type III plant habit, and resistant to common blight) (Coyne and Schuster, 1983) × ‘Tacaragua’ (Venezuela) (black seed, Type IIb plant habit, late maturity, resistant to rust races in Nebraska, and moderate avoidance of white mold) and F5BC6 GN Nebraska #l selection 27 × Pinto ‘UI-111‘ (early maturity; Type III plant habit; susceptible to rust, common blight, and white mold Fig. 1). We used the classification scheme reportedly Singh (1982) to describe growth habits of common beans. The cross GN Nebraska #1 selection 27 × ‘Tacaragua’ was made by Valladares-Sanchez et al. (1983) to study the inheritance of resistance to common bacterial blight
Solar PV hosting capacity: Grid-based vs. market-based scenarios
No full textAssessing the capability of a distribution grid to accommodate new solar PV installations, namely its hosting capacity (HC), has been a prevalent research topic. Although providing a technical limit to how much additional solar PV can be integrated into a distribution grid without trespassing operational limits, commonly used HC analysis (HCA) does not consider consumer preferences or the economic feasibility of installations. Using a market-based optimal power flow (MBOPF) and HCA, we compare the economic and technical limits of solar PV capacity integration in low voltage distribution systems (LVDS). Findings illustrate that (1) the PV HC computed using grid limits only does not give a complete picture of solar PV capacity integration potential, (2) linear, deterministic power flow is not a foolproof method for assessing the network-secure amount of PV, and (3) the number of technically feasible installation sites supersedes the economically feasible ones.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Energy and Industr
PV-boats: Design issues in the realization of PV powered boats
No full textPV integration in boats is rarely seen, but offers clean and silent transportation while on the water. In order to research the PV realization into boat design challenges, the University of Twente and the NHL hogeschool, both in the Netherlands, started a joined research into PV integration in boats. By studying 3 cases, PV boat specifications and the key design challenges are researched. The first case, the Frisian Solar Challenge 2010, offered the possibility to gather information about 44 innovative PV powered racing boats. The Frisian Solar Challenge is a 5 day 220km race for PV powered boats. Boats need to be fast, efficient and reliable to finish the race at high positions. The second case shows the NHL hogeschool\u92s PV powered racing boat design and building process which attended the Frisian Solar Challenge 2010. The third case is a study in PV powered boats found worldwide. From 105 boats, specifications are collected to learn recent developments in PV powered boats. From these 3 cases follows that light weight is one of the key parameters to build a successful PV powered boat. Especially PV modules with lower weight can bring successful PV powered boat designs. Furthermore, boats equipped with monohull designs offer high efficiency with low drag. However, catamaran designs prove to be successful as well, bringing higher stability in boat designs. Mature technology is needed to sail with reliable hardware
Comprehensive modelling and sizing of PV systems from location to load
No full textPhotovoltaic (PV) systems are progressively used for decentralized electricity generation. To obtain the maximum yield from such systems, optimisation of all components is essential. In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive modelling and sizing of PV systems for any location. Three applications are here presented providing real time monitoring of PV potential, accurate prediction of yield taking into account thermodynamic temperature effects, optimization of modules orientation addressing the effects of shading and efficient sizing of inverter for a higher yield output. When combined, these models can accurately predict the real time performance of any PV system.Accepted Author ManuscriptPhotovoltaic Materials and DevicesDC systems, Energy conversion & Storag
Winmor pinto bean
No full text Winmor is an early-maturing, partially upright pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with high yield potential and an average seed weight of 35.8 g 100 seeds-1. Winmor was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Station, Morden, MB, in collaboration with the AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. Winmor is well adapted to the Canadian prairies, especially for production in southern Manitoba. Winmor is resistant to anthracnose race 73 [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.], the predominant race in Manitoba. Winmor is susceptible, as is the check cultivar AC Pintoba, to white mould [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] and common bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Vauterin et al. (Xap)]. Key words: Pinto bean, cultivar description, anthracnose resistance, early maturity </jats:p
Agrinto Pinto Bean
No full text Agrinto is a tall, partially upright pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with s hort vines, average seed weight of 340 mg, which was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, in collaboration with the AAFC Research Station, Morden, MB. Agrinto is well adapted to wide-row irrigated produ ction of the Canadian prairies, with yields comparable to the check cultivar, Othello. Agrinto is resistant to both yellow and orange strains of the bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfasciens pv. flaccumfasciens (Hedges) Collins & Jones. Agrinto is resistant to race 73 of anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib] and is moderately resistant to white mould [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, pinto bean, cultivar description, bacterial wilt resistance, upright </jats:p
PV Module Integrated Converter for Distributed MPPT PV Systems
No full textDriven by constant advances and cost reductions in photovoltaic (PV) technology,together with incentive government policies toward cleaner environment, the PV energy became one of the fastest growing market in the world. In many countries the amount of installed PV power is increasing at an exponential rate, in all sectors from large utility scale power plants to small residential PV systems.DC systems, Energy conversion & Storag
Approaching nearly zero energy of PV direct air conditioners by integrating building design, load flexibility and PCM
No full textThe energy matching of PV driven air conditioners is influenced by building load demand and PV generation. Merely increasing energy performance of building or PV capacity separately may improve the energy balance on a large time resolution, the real-time energy mismatching problem is still serious. In this study, a coordinated optimization method of PV capacity, building design, and load flexibility is proposed for improving the real-time energy matching of PVAC system. Then, a methodology integrating data mining method (XG Boost) and parametric simulation was developed to identify the determinant parameters of PV system and building design, exploring feature importance and correlations. The results of XG Boost indicate that the PV capacity, shape factor, and SHGC are the most critical factors. Finally, based on the optimized building design, the PCM layer was applied to improve the real time energy matching. To achieve a goal of 90 % ZEP, the PCM capacity can be decreased by 50.4 % and 62.8 % in Guangzhou and Shanghai in the optimized building. Moreover, the PV capacity can be reduced by 23 % in Guangzhou. The findings of this study provide practical guidance for designing PVAC system coupling with building design and energy storage devices.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Environmental & Climate Desig
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