277 research outputs found
Fantasy narrative by Niko Grafenauer - the Mahajana fairy tale triptych
No full textAvtorica v prispevku analizira triptih sodobnih pravljic mladinskega klasika Nika Grafenauerja Majhnica in Katrca Škrateljca (1987), Majhnica (1987) in Mahajana in druge pravljice o Majhnici (1990). Niko Grafenauer je sodobni slovenski mladinski klasik in kanonski avtor v učnem načrtu za slovenščino (2011). V članku so analizirane intertekstualnost, motivno-tematske reminiscence, podoba otroka in ljubezni v triptihu, posebej v obsežni sodobni pravljici Mahajana s slikarskimi ilustracijami Marije Lucije Stupica.The article analyses a triptych of contemporary fairy tales by Slovene author Niko Grafenauer: Majhnica and Katrca Škrateljca (1987), Majhnica (1987) and Mahayana and other stories about Majhnica (1990). Niko Grafenauer is a modern classic and a representative author in the Slovene language curriculum (2011).The paper analyses intertextuality, motif reminiscences, the triptych image of a child and love, in particular in the fantasy Mahajana, which is illustrated by Marija Lucija Stupica
The Nma1 protein promotes long distance transport mediated by early endosomes in Ustilago maydis
No full textEarly endosomes (EEs) are part of the endocytic transport pathway and resemble the earliest class of transport vesicles between the internalization of extracellular material, their cellular distribution or vacuolar degradation. In filamentous fungi, EEs fulfill important functions in long distance transport of cargoes as mRNAs, ribosomes, and peroxisomes. Formation and maturation of early endosomes is controlled by the specific membrane-bound Rab-GTPase Rab5 and tethering complexes as CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering). In the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis, Rab5a is the prominent GTPase to recruit CORVET to EEs; in rab5a deletion strains, this function is maintained by the second EE-associated GTPase Rab5b. The tethering- and core-subunits of CORVET are essential, buttressing a central role for EE transport in U. maydis. The function of EEs in long distance transport is supported by the Nma1 protein that interacts with the Vps3 subunit of CORVET. The interaction stabilizes the binding of Vps3 to the CORVET core complex that is recruited to Rab5a via Vps8. Deletion of nma1 leads to a significantly reduced number of EEs, and an increased conversion rate of EEs to late endosomes. Thus, Nma1 modulates the lifespan of EEs to ensure their availability for the various long distance transport processes
Niko Bartulović i slovenački Jugoslaveni 1918-1935.
No full textThe author provides the reconstruction of the Yugoslavism phenomenon in western parts of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, inhabited by the Roman Catholic population. It was rooted in activities of the Dalmatian and Slovenian revolutionary national-liberal pro-Yugoslav youth. Those integral Yugoslavian groups were base for the creation of the several Yugoslav organizations such as ORJUNA, the Yugoslav Soko, the Jadran Guard and Yugoslav Chetniks. The author devotes the main attention to Niko Bartulović, the writer, which belonged to such political and cultural circles in the city of Split. Bartulović was one of the prominent Yugoslav revolutionaries, accused during the First World War by the Austro/Hungarian authorities and later when the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formed one of the main promoters of such pan-Yugoslav oriented organizations
IDEOLOGY AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY IN NIKO BARTULOVIĆ’S NOVELS
Get PDFNiko Bartulović posve je zaboravljeno književno ime; iako autor dvaju romana, dviju drama te nekoliko knjiga novela i pripovijedaka, danas je tek usputna činjenica u historiografskim pregledima; književne povijesti i priručnici uglavnom ga ne spominju, a kada ga i spominju, najčešće je to bez znatnijih kulturoloških i književnih pretenzija. Rijetke su studije, portreti, komentari i kritičke ocjene njegova djela, svojevremeno u samom žarištu interesa, danas prekrivena prašinom povijesnog zaborava, neistražena i nedovoljno vrednovana. Razlozi tomu nisu jednoznačni; uz one koji se odnose na skromnu vrijednost književnih stranica, dio ih treba potražiti u Bartulovićevu političkom djelovanju – radikalno-integralističkoj ideologiji monarhističkog jugoslavenstva te kasnijem apologetstvu četništva, a dio ih leži i u činjenici da je veći dio svoje (ne samo književne) djelatnosti Bartulović vezao uz beogradsku sredinu i postao “isključivo srpskim piscem”.Niko Bartulović is nowadays a completely forgotten writer. Although he is the author of two novels, two plays and several collections of short stories, he is nowadays only a parenthetical fact in historiography overviews. He is usually not even mentioned in histories of literature and handbooks, and when he is, it is frequently without significant cultural and literary pretensions. Only occasional studies, commentaries and critical evaluations deal with his work which was once the focal point of interest, and is now covered by the dust of literary oblivion, under-researched and undervalued. The reasons for this are complex. Besides those that relate to the limited literary value of his work, they are also partly the result of Bartulović’s political work – radical integralist ideology of monarchic Yugoslavianism and his later apologies of the Chetnic movement, and partly the result of the fact that the greater part of his work (not only literary) is connected to Belgrade and as a result of this he became an ‘exclusively Serbian author’
Signal peptide peptidase activity connects the unfolded protein response to plant defense suppression by <i>Ustilago maydis</i>
No full textThe corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis requires the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during the biotrophic interaction with its host plant Zea mays (maize). Crosstalk between the UPR and pathways controlling pathogenic development is mediated by protein-protein interactions between the UPR regulator Cib1 and the developmental regulator Clp1. Cib1/Clp1 complex formation results in mutual modification of the connected regulatory networks thereby aligning fungal proliferation in planta, efficient effector secretion with increased ER stress tolerance and long-term UPR activation in planta. Here we address UPR-dependent gene expression and its modulation by Clp1 using combinatorial RNAseq/ChIPseq analyses. We show that increased ER stress resistance is connected to Clp1-dependent alterations of Cib1 phosphorylation, protein stability and UPR gene expression. Importantly, we identify by deletion screening of UPR core genes the signal peptide peptidase Spp1 as a novel key factor that is required for establishing a compatible biotrophic interaction between U. maydis and its host plant maize. Spp1 is dispensable for ER stress resistance and vegetative growth but requires catalytic activity to interfere with the plant defense, revealing a novel virulence specific function for signal peptide peptidases in a biotrophic fungal/plant interaction.</div
Analysis of Clp1-dependent UPR modulation in Ustilago maydis
Get PDFDie unfolded protein response (UPR) ist ein konservierter Signalweg, welcher in allen eukaryotischen Zellen vorkommt und die Homöostase des endoplasmatischen Retikulums unter Stressbedingungen aufrechterhält. In dem phytopathogenen Pilz Ustilago maydis wird die UPR nach der Penetration der Pflanze, aufgrund eines erhöhten Bedarfs des sekretorischen Signalwegs während der Pilz/Pflanzen-Interaktion, aktiviert. Eine andauernde Aktivierung der UPR ist schädlich für U. maydis, weshalb die UPR Aktivität während der Pflanzenkolonisation moduliert werden muss. Diese Modulation findet durch die physische Interaktion zwischen dem zentralen UPR Regulator (Clp1 interacting bZIP 1) und dem wichtigen Entwicklungsregulator Clp1 (Clampless 1) statt. Clp1 ist ein entscheidender Faktor für das Auslösen der pilzlichen Vermehrung nach der Wirtspenetration. Die Interaktion beider Proteine führt zu einer erhöhten Stabilität von Clp1 und verändert die Expression von UPR Markergenen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die funktionellen Auswirkungen dieser Interaktion auf die physischen Eigenschaften von Cib1, die Cib1 DNA Bindung und die Transkription der UPR untersucht. Die Expression von clp1 führt zu einer erhöhten ER Stresstoleranz sowie einer erhöhten Proteinstabilität und eines veränderten Phosphorylierungsmusters von Cib1. In einer Transkriptomanalyse (RNAseq) unter erhöhtem ER Stressbedingungen konnte eine Gruppe von 65 hochregulierten UPR Hauptgenen identifiziert werden, deren Expression während der clp1 Induktion differenziell moduliert ist. Eine Chromatin-Immunopräzipitationsanalyse von Cib1 mit anschließender Sequenzierung (ChIPseq) identifizierte UPR-Elemente (UPRE) mit gehäuftem Vorkommen in Promotoren der UPR Hauptgene. Die DNA-Bindungsspezifität von Cib1 durch die Clp1 Induktion bleibt jedoch unverändert. In einer umfassenden Gendeletionsanalyse konnte ein zuvor nicht charakterisiertes UPR-Zielgen identifiziert werden, das speziell für das biotrophe Wachstum von U. maydis in der Pflanze erforderlich ist. UMAG_02729 codiert für eine intramembranspaltende Signalpeptid-Peptidase (spp1), welche ein konserviertes, aktives Zentrum aufweist, das typisch für Aspartylproteasen ist. Pflanzen, die mit Δspp1-Mutanten oder Stämmen infiziert wurden, die ein enzymatisch inaktives Spp1 exprimierten, lösten starke Pflanzenabwehrreaktionen aus, die durch die Akkumulation von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies (ROS), sowie einer erhöhten Expression von Pflanzengenen der Pathogenese nachgewiesen werden konnte. Die Komplementierung des spp1-Deletionsstamms mit orthologen Genen aus Sporisorium reilianum und Ustilago hordei konnte die verlorene Virulenz vollständig wiederherstellen. Zusätzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Expression des gut charakterisierten, humanen Orthologs HM13 den Virulenzdefekt der spp1-Deletionsmutante dosisabhängig unterdrückt. Allerdings steht die virulenzspezifische Funktion von Spp1 nicht im Zusammenhang mit bekannten Funktionen von Signalpeptidpeptidasen, wie beispielsweise der ER-assoziierten Degradation (ERAD), der Anpassung an Hypoxie oder der Effektorsekretion. Die Deletion vorhergesagter UPREs im Promotor von spp1 reduzierte die spp1-Expression bei ER-Stress signifikant. Die Co-Immunopräzipitation von Spp1 mit anschließender LC-MS Analyse brachte Mitglieder des Signalpeptidase-Komplexes (SPC) und der O-Mannosyltransferase Pmt4 als mögliche Interaktionspartner oder Substrate von Spp1 hervor. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Daten dieser Studie einen potenziellen Mechanismus, wie die UPR in U. maydis durch Clp1 moduliert werden könnte. Zudem konnte ein neuer Faktor identifiziert werden, der für die Unterdrückung der Pflanzenabwehr wichtig ist und nicht mit den bisher bekannten Signalwegen der Signalpeptidpeptidasefunktion oder der Unterdrückung der Pflanzenabwehr durch phytopathogene Pilze zusammenhängt.The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved signaling pathway, that is present in all eukaryotic cells and ensures endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis under stress conditions. In the phytopathogenic fungus U. maydis, the UPR is activated after plant penetration as a result of increased demands on the secretory pathway during the fungal/plant interaction. However, prolonged activation of the UPR is deleterious for U. maydis and UPR activity needs to be modulated during plant colonization. This modulation is achieved by the physical interaction between Cib1 (Clp1 interacting bZip 1), the central regulator of the UPR and Clp1 (Clampless 1), an important developmental regulator of U. maydis and the decisive factor for the induction of fungal proliferation after successful host penetration. The interaction between both proteins leads to increased stability of Clp1 and alters UPR gene expression. In this study, the functional consequences of this interaction on the physical properties of Cib1, the impact on Cib1 DNA binding and the transcriptional output of the UPR were characterized. Expression of clp1 leads to elevated ER stress resistance, increased protein stability and altered phosphorylation patterns of Cib1. Transcriptome analysis (RNAseq) during ER stress identified a set of 65 upregulated UPR core genes, whose expression is differentially modulated upon clp1 induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of Cib1 with subsequent whole-genome sequencing (ChIPseq) identified UPR elements (UPRE) in promoters of the large majority of UPR core genes and revealed that Cib1 DNA-binding specificity is not altered by Clp1. In a comprehensive gene deletion analysis, a previously uncharacterized UPR target gene was identified that is specifically required for biotrophic growth of U. maydis. UMAG_02729 encodes an intramembrane cleaving signal peptide peptidase (spp1) that contains a conserved active site typical for aspartyl proteases. Plants inoculated with Δspp1 mutants or strains expressing enzymatically inactive Spp1 triggered massive plant defense responses as evidenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and strongly increased expression of pathogenesis-related plant genes. Complementation of the spp1 deletion strain with orthologous genes from Sporisorium reilianum and Ustilago hordei recovered virulence and expression of the well-characterized human ortholog HM13 suppressed the virulence defect of the spp1 deletion mutant in a dose-dependent manner. However, the virulence-specific function of Spp1 is not related to known functions of signal peptide peptidases, such as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), hypoxia adaptation or effector secretion. Deletion of predicted UPREs in the promoter of spp1 significantly reduced spp1 expression upon ER stress. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of Spp1 with subsequent LC-MS analysis revealed members of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) and the O-mannosyltransferase Pmt4, as potential interaction partners or substrates of Spp1. In summary, the data of this study revealed a potential mechanism on how UPR in U. maydis is modulated by Clp1 and a novel factor important for plant defense suppression that is not connected to previously known pathways related to signal peptide peptidase function or plant defense suppression by phytopathogenic fungi
Ethopathology and Civilization Diseases: Niko and Elisabeth Tinbergen on Autism
No full text The idea that some diseases result from a poor fit between modern life and our biological make-up is part of the long history of what historian of medicine Charles Rosenberg has called the “progress-and-pathology narrative.” This article examines a key episode in that history: 1973 Nobel laureate Niko Tinbergen's use of an evolutionary framework to identify autism as a pathogenic effect of progress. Influenced by British psychiatrist John Bowlby's work, Tinbergen and his wife Elisabeth saw autistic children as victims of environmental stress caused mainly by mothers' failure to bond with their children and to protect them from conflicting situations. However, the author argues that their position was not “environmental.” For them, autism was due to a failure of socialization but the mechanisms that explain that failure were established by biological evolution. Situating their views within the context of Niko's concern about the derailment of biological evolution by cultural evolution, this article shows that their ideas are of special significance for understanding the persistence of the view that civilization poses a risk to human health. </jats:p
PERUMUSAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DI OBJEK WISATA JAWA TIMUR PARK 1 DENGAN SENI PERANG SUN TZU
No full textJika membutuhkan abstrak atau isi jurnal silahkan menghubungi author melalui email [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
God's Flame. Union with God according to John of the Cross
Get PDFOn the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the death of St. John of the Cross, the author reflects on his mystic studies, especially the mystic union with God as an intense encounter of supemature and nature being realized within the soul of the mystic person through religion. Referring to the Blessed Edith Stein, the author stresses the importance of John's paper "The living flame of love" which he takes as starting-point and confirmation in the elucidation of the reality of "unification" as the ultimate stage of personal development and spiritual growth
Stadlerova upornost u promicanju jedinstva. Stadlerova skica jedinstva u povodu 100. obljetnice njegove smrti
Get PDFOn the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Stadler’s death, the author refers to the ecumenical attitude of the First Archbishop of Vrhbosna toward the Orthodox. The author perceives that in Stadler’s time many headwinds were blowing instead of tailwinds, that there were many processes opposed and not in favour of work about Church unity, especially in a complex church, national and cultural situation in Bosnia at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. The author also notices and points to great Stadler’s persistence in promoting the Church unity and proves his two quite different approaches to the same issue. The first is a traditional scholastic Trent approach, up to his appointment as Archbishop of Vrhbosna and apostolic promoter of work about Church unity; the other one, after his arrival in Bosnia, is based on the ideas of Cyril and Methodius heritage. Related to the latter approach, some have attributed to Stadler the denial of his own ecclesiastical and national identity, which the author argumentatively denies.U povodu stote obljetnice Stadlerove smrti (†1918.) autor se osvrće na ekumenski odnos prema pravoslavnima prvoga vrhbosanskog nadbiskupa. Autor uočava u njegovu vremenu mnoge vjetrove u prsa a ne u leđa, mnoge procese protivne radu, a ne u prilog njemu oko jedinstva Crkve, posebno u složenim crkvenim, nacionalnim i kulturnim prilikama u Bosni pri kraju 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća. Autor zapaža i ukazuje na veliku Stadlerovu upornost oko promicanja jedinstva Crkve i dokazuje njegova dva prilično različita pristupa istom pitanju. Prvi je tradicionalni skolastičko tridentski pristup do svoga imenovanja vrhbosanskim nadbiskupom i apostolskim promicateljem rada oko jedinstva Crkve, te drugi poslije svoga dolaska u Bosnu na zasadama ćirilo-metodske baštine. Povezano s drugim pristupom neki su Stadleru imputirali nijekanje vlastitoga crkvenog i nacionalnog identiteta, što autor pak argumentirano opovrgava
- …
