2,229 research outputs found
On co-authorship for author disambiguation
No full textAuthor name disambiguation deals with clustering the same-name authors into different individuals. To attack the problem, many studies have employed a variety of disambiguation features such as coauthors, titles of papers/publications, topics of articles, emails/affiliations, etc. Among these, co-authorship is the most easily accessible and influential, since inter-person acquaintances represented by co-authorship could discriminate the identities of authors more clearly than other features. This study attempts to explore the net effects of co-authorship on author clustering in bibliographic data. First, to handle the shortage of explicit coauthors listed in known citations, a web-assisted technique of acquiring implicit coauthors of the target author to be disambiguated is proposed. Then, a coauthor disambiguation hypothesis that the identity of an author can be determined by his/her coauthors is examined and confirmed through a variety of author disambiguation experiments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.X1174sciescopu
Systemic amyloidosis in England: an epidemiological study.
No full textEpidemiological studies of systemic amyloidosis are scarce and the burden of disease in England has not previously been estimated. In 1999, the National Health Service commissioned the National Amyloidosis Centre (NAC) to provide a national clinical service for all patients with amyloidosis. Data for all individuals referred to the NAC is held on a comprehensive central database, and these were compared with English death certificate data for amyloidosis from 2000 to 2008, obtained from the Office of National Statistics. Amyloidosis was stated on death certificates of 2543 individuals, representing 0·58/1000 recorded deaths. During the same period, 1143 amyloidosis patients followed at the NAC died, 903 (79%) of whom had amyloidosis recorded on their death certificates. The estimated minimum incidence of systemic amyloidosis in the English population in 2008, based on new referrals to the NAC, was 0·4/100 000 population. The incidence peaked at age 60-79 years. Systemic AL amyloidosis was the most common type with an estimated minimum incidence of 0·3/100 000 population. Although there are various limitations to this study, the available data suggest the incidence of systemic amyloidosis in England exceeds 0·8/100 000 of the population
The distance-regular graphs such that all of its second largest local eigenvalues are at most one
No full textIn this paper, we classify distance-regular graphs such that all of its second largest local eigenvalues are at most one. Also we discuss the consequences for the smallest eigenvalue of a distance-regular graph. These extend a result by the first author, who classified the distance-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue -1 - b(1)/2. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.X1154sciescopu
Amyloidosis: Incidence, Prognosis, Investigation and Management
No full textBackground: Amyloidosis is a rare disorder of protein folding in which a variety of proteins deposit as fibrils in the extracellular space. The two most commonly affected organs are the kidneys and heart. Deposition of amyloid in these two critical organs is of major prognostic importance. Aims: To identify the burden of systemic amyloidosis in the English population. To characterise the phenotype and diagnostic features of wild type transthyretin amyloidosis and identify the type and frequency of arrhythmic activity in cardiac amyloidosis. To evaluate outcome in renal amyloidosis, and assess the role of renal replacement therapy. Results and Conclusions: Amyloidosis was mentioned in 0.58/1000 deaths in England between 2000 and 2008. Sensitivity of death certificates in identifying patients with amyloidosis was 79%. The estimated true incidence of the disease is ~1/100000 population in England. Wild type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) is increasingly diagnosed in the UK. Age of the patient at diagnosis and N T-proB N P level can aid in distinguishing ATTRwt from cardiac AL amyloidosis. Median survival is significantly better in ATTRwt than in cardiac AL amyloidosis. A positive troponin T, a pacemaker and NYHA class IV symptoms are all associated with worse outcome. Complex ventricular arrhythmias are seen more frequently on Holter monitoring in patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis compared to cardiac AL which are in turn more frequent than patients without myocardial amyloid infiltration. There does not appear to be an association between the frequency of complex ventricular arrhythmi as and disease severity in cardiac amyl oi dosi s. Renal and overall outcome in AL amyl oi dosi s are both strongly associated with FLC response and are best among patients who achieve >90% suppression of the monoclonal component of the FLC. Survival on dialysis is improving. Outcome following renal transplantation is dependent on the amyloid fibril type and suppression of the precursor protein
On geometric distance-regular graphs with diameter three
No full textIn this paper we study distance-regular graphs with intersection array {(t + 1)s. ts. (t - 1)(s + 1 - psi); 1, 2, (t + 1)psi} (1) where s. t. psi are integers satisfying t >= 2 and 1 = 2, there are only finitely many distance-regular graphs of order (s, t) with mallest eigenvalue -t -1, diameter D = 3 and intersection number c(2) = 2 except for Hamming graphs with diameter three. Moreover, we will show that if a distance-regular graph with intersection array (1) for t = 2 exists then (s, psi) = (15, 9). As Gavrilyuk and Makhnev (2013)[9] proved that the case (s, psi) = (15, 9) does not exist, this enables us to finish the classification of geometric distance-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue -3, diameter D >= 3 and c(2) >= 2 which was started by the first author (Bang, 2013)[1]. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.X1121Ysciescopu
Capsule-like voids in SiC single crystal: Phase contrast imaging and computer simulations
No full textThe results of observation of capsule-like voids in silicon carbide (6H-SiC) single crystal by means of a phase contrast imaging technique with synchrotron radiation at the Pohang Light Source as well as computer simulations of such images are presented. A pink beam and a monochromated beam were used. The latter gives more pronounced images but they still are smoothed due to a finite detector resolution and the spatial coherence of the beam. Sizes and a structure of far field images are different from these of the objects. The computer simulations allow us to reproduce a shape and a size of the capsule-like void. (C) 2014 Author(s).open1111sciescopu
Prenatal Sex Determination and Sex-Selective Abortion in Rural Central China
No full textThis study analyzes the practice of prenatal sex selection in rural central China. It examines the prevalence and determinants of prenatal sex determination by ultrasound scanning and subsequent sex-selective abortion. The data are derived from a survey of 820 married women aged 20-44 and from in-depth interviews with rural women and men, village leaders, family planning managers, and health providers, conducted by the author in one county in central China in 2000. Prenatal sex determination was a widespread practice, especially for second and higher-order pregnancies. Sex-selective abortion was prevalent and order of pregnancy, sex of fetus, and sex of previous children were major determinants of the practice. A female fetus representing a high-order pregnancy in a family with one or more daughters was the most likely to be aborted. Awareness among rural families that in the population at large a future marriage squeeze was likely did not diminish the demand for sex-selective abortion. Copyright 2001 by The Population Council, Inc..
Senile Systemic Amyloidosis: Clinical Features at Presentation and Outcome
No full textBackground Cardiac amyloidosis is a fatal disease whose prognosis and treatment rely on identification of the amyloid type. In our aging population transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) is common and must be differentiated from other amyloid types. We report the clinical presentation, natural history, and prognostic features of ATTRwt compared with cardiac‐isolated AL amyloidosis and calculate the probability of disease diagnosis of ATTRwt from baseline factors.
Methods and Results All patients with biopsy‐proven ATTRwt (102 cases) and isolated cardiac AL (36 cases) seen from 2002 to 2011 at the UK National Amyloidosis Center were included. Median survival from the onset of symptoms was 6.07 years in the ATTRwt group and 1.7 years in the AL group. Positive troponin, a pacemaker, and increasing New York Heart Association (NYHA) class were associated with worse survival in ATTRwt patients on univariate analysis. All patients with isolated cardiac AL and 24.1% of patients with ATTRwt had evidence of a plasma cell dyscrasia. Older age and lower N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT pro‐BNP) were factors significantly associated with ATTRwt. Patients aged 70 years and younger with an NT pro‐BNP <183 pmol/L were more likely to have ATTRwt, as were patients older than 70 years with an NT pro‐BNP <1420 pmol/L.
Conclusions Factors at baseline associated with a worse outcome in ATTRwt are positive troponin T, a pacemaker, and NYHA class IV symptoms. The age of the patient at diagnosis and NT pro‐BNP level can aid in distinguishing ATTRwt from AL amyloidosis
Cospectral graphs and the generalized adjacency matrix
No full textLet J be the all-ones rnatrix, and let A denote the adjacency matrix of a graph. An old result of Johnson and Newman states that if two graphs are cospectral with respect to yJ - A for two distinct values of y, then they are cospectral for all y. Here we will focus on graphs cospectral with respect to yJ - A for exactly one value (y) over cap of (y) over cap. We call such graphs (y) over cap -cospectral. It follows that is a rational number, and we prove existence of a pair of (y) over cap -cospectral graphs for every rational. In addition, we generate by computer all (y) over cap -cospectral pairs on at most nine vertices. Recently, Chesnokov and the second author constructed pairs of (y) over cap -cospectral graphs for all rational (y) over cap is an element of (0, 1), where one graph is regular and the other one is not. This phenomenon is only possible for the mentioned values of, and by computer we find all Such pairs of (y) over cap -cospectral graphs on at most eleven vertices. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.X1116sciescopu
Diatom frustule silica extracted from Melosira nummuloides ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice
No full textMelosira nummuloides is a type of diatom in the family Melosiraceae. Diatoms are unicellular microalgae widely distributed in aquatic environments. Diatoms are known to be suitable for many industrial and biomedical applications because of their high biocompatibility and ease of use. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of diatom frustule silica (DFS) extracted from Melosira nummuloides on hepatotoxicant-induced liver injury. Hepatoprotective effects of DFS were examined using acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (ALI) mouse model. We evaluated the hepatoprotective effects through hepatotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, transcriptional factors, upstream signaling pathways, and histopathological analysis by DFS in an animal model of acetaminophen-induced ALI. Our results showed serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase activity and hepatic malondialdehyde formation were significantly attenuated upon DFS administration. DFS also ameliorated glutathione depletion and down-regulated acetaminophen-induced CYP2E1. DFS administration also down-regulated expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines through preventing NF-κB activation by JNK1/2 phosphorylation inhibition. These findings demonstrate that the hepatoprotective effect of DFS is associated with suppression of inflammatory responses in an animal model of acetaminophen-induced ALI. © 2022, The Author(s)
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