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Distanza sociale, lavoro emozionale e status professionali nei servizi. Alberghi di lusso a Parigi
No full textThe study of emotional labor in traditional and low-cost luxury hotels has highlighted the existence of a sexual and ethnic/racial division of work which is accompanied by emotional performance shaped by professional ethos and customer expectations. Whereas male workers can develop strategies to maximize their benefits or to circumvent feeling rules, consolidating their professional status, the emotional labor of female workers is characterized by considerable ambivalence. Their skills are banalized, considered normal for women. Furthermore, despite black workers being excluded from interaction with customers, their resistance is manifested through emotions such as anger, resentment, and jealousy. This essay demonstrates the usefulness of an approach involving the analysis of emotional labor and professional status in services that is not limited to the study of the interaction between customers and workers. The management of others' negative emotions amplifies the intensity of the emotional labor of workers who interact with customers, thus contributing to the weakening of their professional status
The Bourdieusian sociology of labour. A critical reading
No full textFirst, this article illustrates the role that Bourdieu attributes to wage labour in capitalist societies: permanent and qualified labour is a vector of social integration and a precondition for detachment from the contingencies and economic urgencies of the present; the importance of wage labour for individual equilibrium appears clearly when labour is absent. Second, the essay aims to critically analyse the emergence of Bourdieusian sociology of labour through research about how his framework was used within the journal «Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales» (ARSS) and international literature. By focusing on the special issues in ARSS devoted to wage labour, we highlight how the Bourdieusian literature of labour was built. Very flexible use of Bourdieu’s concepts goes hand in hand with the constant recourse to reflexivity within perspectives that transcend the sphere of the institutional sociology of labour. Finally, in France or the USA, scholars do not mobilise the Bourdieusian framework organically: sociologists of labour use especially the concepts of habitus and capital. Meanwhile, the concept of field is not frequently mobilised
Pierre Fournier, 'Travailler dans le Nucléaire. Enquête au coeur d'un Site à Risques'. Paris: Armand Colin, 2012, 232 pp.
Full text linkKergoat, P. (2022), De l’indocilité des jeunesses populaires. Apprenti·e·s et élèves de lycées professionnels
No full textVendre du luxe au rabais : une étude de cas dans l’hôtellerie haut de gamme à Paris
Full text linkCet article s’intéresse à un secteur d’activité en expansion : l’hôtellerie haut de gamme à Paris. Comme dans les entreprises situées au milieu et en bas de la hiérarchie du secteur hôtellerie-cafésrestauration,
l’emploi y est souvent précaire et les salariés peu qualifiés ; la formation se fait « sur le tas » et dans l’urgence ; la division du travail est sexuée, ethnique, et suit la frontière entre front et back office. L’organisation ne laisse pas vraiment d’autonomie aux salariés et ne valorise pas leur professionnalisme. L’observation empirique montre que les tensions, très fréquentes, avec les clients mécontents de la qualité des services sont à mettre au compte de l’insuffisance des moyens humains et matériels engagés par l’établissement. Dans le même temps, pourtant, ces hôtels revendiquent des prestations extrêmement soignées et personnalisées, à l’image de celles offertes dans les
palaces occupant le sommet du marché. C’est pourquoi la déférence et la serviabilité des salariés sont particulièrement importantes : elles permettent de sauver les apparences tout en sacralisant le « moi » des clients. L’expansion de l’hôtellerie de luxe ne s’accompagne pas d’une amélioration des conditions de travail et d’emploi mais de l’émergence d’un marché de service de luxe au rabais, reposant principalement sur l’engagement de façade des salariés
Servir sur la scène ou dans les coulisses? Une étude dramaturgique des tensions au sein des collectifs de travail dans l’hôtellerie de luxe
No full textHotel companies are characterized by the existence of an organizational boundary between work on the scene, in interaction with customers, and in the backstage. The dramaturgical approach is particularly fertile in order to highlight the different rules governing work in these two regions. At the same time, in luxury hotels, the cut between scene and backstage is accompanied by a social division of labor, based on criteria of generation, gender and “race”. The professional logic of scene and backstage employees depends on recognition at work and on the constraints of the service relationship. In companies whose barriers between scene and backstage are more rigid, employee resistance strategies behind the scenes generate more tension which fuel their antagonism with those of the scene.Les entreprises hôtelières se caractérisent par l’existence d’une frontière organisationnelle entre le travail sur la scène, en interaction avec les clients, et dans les coulisses. L’approche dramaturgique est particulièrement féconde afin de mettre en avant les différentes règles qui régissent le travail dans ces deux régions. En même temps, dans les hôtels de luxe, la coupure entre scène et coulisses s’accompagne d’une division sociale du travail, mise en place à partir de critères de génération, de sexe et de “race”. Les logiques professionnelles des salariés de la scène et des coulisses dépendent de la reconnaissance au travail et des contraintes de la relation de service. Dans les entreprises dont les barrières entre scène et coulisses sont plus rigides, les stratégies de résistance des salariés des coulisses engendrent davantage de tensions qui alimentent leur antagonisme avec ceux de la scène
Field effects and work-based learning: The case of school–work alternance in Italy
No full textThis essay analyses the implementation of a work-based learning policy in upper secondary schools in Italy. The policy aims to improve student orientation and enhance their soft skills. Based on two ethnographic research studies in Italy, this essay utilises Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework, particularly the ‘field’ concept, to examine how this policy has been implemented in different tracks of the Italian school system in a peripheral region. The policy has
challenged the autonomy of the scholastic field, primarily advocated by teachers and students in the dominant pole, represented by the classical and scientific lyceums. The policy has been translated into a series of projects in museums, libraries and third-sector associations in this field segment. These initiatives reinforce students' citizenship values while highlighting their detachment from manual work. In the dominated pole of the field, represented by vocational schools primarily located in the suburbs of large cities and rural areas, the policy has been well received as
it aligns with the expectations of teachers and students. However, due to the prevalence of small family companies, planning truly formative work-based learning experiences becomes challenging. Consequently, this leads to an early, albeit tense, socialisation of students within the hierarchical order of small companies
Tra scuola e lavoro. L’implementazione dell’Alternanza Scuola Lavoro tra diseguaglianze scolastiche e sociali
No full textDrawing on a qualitative research, this article aims to analyze the implementation
of a specific educational policy named, at first, School-Work Alternance (SWA). We
consider this policy as a segment of a wider field of educational policies related to the Lifelong
Learning. This article aims to develop the sociological and policy debate on the way this
educational policy is producing a huge impact in the everyday life of schools. Our objective is
to get a better understanding both of internal changes within the school field and of external
changes in its relationship with the economic field. The main focus is constituted by teachers’
and principals’ social representations and practices and by adaptation processes they realize
to respond to the political, social and organizational uncertainties. In particular, it will be
showed as the variability in the form of implementation of SWA depends upon the structure
of school field in its interconnection with the structure of the economic field. In this way,
the SWA produces its structural effect in a specific way of the reproduction of educational
and social inequalities. Students issued from general tracks will be destined to ‘conceptual’
experiences, where soft skills will be privileged, instead vocational students will be destined
to activities where the hard skills will be favored
La mise en scène de la servitude: quand la mobilisation des salariés pallie le manque de personnel et de qualification dans les hotels haut de gamme parisiens
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