1,721,331 research outputs found
Le velocita’ operative e la sicurezza: realizzazione di una rete di monitoraggio del traffico
No full textLe curve di deflusso: influenza dei differenti tipi di utente e della classificazione funzionale dell’arco stradale
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Human element and design rules: state of the art
No full textBetween several transport systems one of the most used is the road, for the freedom that such modality guarantees to user, above all in case of good working. The relative statistics, concerning the phenomenon of the accident, attribute to the human factor the responsibility of beyond 83%. This last data has contributed to assume that, within the complex system "man-vehicle-infrastructure-environment", greater importance to the interaction "man-infrastructure", so towards the infrastructure characteristics, the dimension of the section, the visibility, the presence of different vehicles, the perception of the spaces, etc., influencing the control of the vehicle, from part of the users, in more or less favorable environmental conditions.
The road is the environment in which vehicles moves and with which the driver, through the vehicle, interacts. For this reason it is important that the environment transmits, to the user, clear marks, so that the corrected behaviour comes favourite.
Once the functions involved in the guide are defined it is necessary to find the role of these in the design. It is interesting to verify in that way and to that level, within the search and the normative systems, it is dealing with the relationship between technical choices and effects induced on the user. This work proposes to evidence actual state of the art regarding the role assumed from the user in the design, with reference to proposals from the wide panorama of research and of Italian, European and American normative system. The objective of the present article, that constitutes only the first phase of a wide research on the same topic, is to supply an outline of the situation of main design rules, inside of which, are considered the human elements
Sicurezza stradale. Rapporto tra ipotesi progettuali e dinamiche reali
No full textI dati pubblicati dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della
Sanità e dalla Commissione Europea rilevano che
annualmente gli incidenti stradali causano, a livello
mondiale, 1.2 milioni di morti e 50 milioni di feriti. A
fronte degli studi attribuenti al fattore umano
un’incidenza pari al 90 % e dei rilievi che riportano
l’esistenza di tratti stradali caratterizzati da elevati valori
dell’incidentalità, attribuendo, in tali casi, al fattore strada
un’incidenza del 30 %, è accresciuta l’attenzione sul
rapporto uomo-strada in riferimento alla sicurezza
stradale.
La ricerca nazionale ed internazionale al fine di ridurre i
valori dell’incidentalità, specie sulle strade extraurbane a
due corsie e carreggiata unica (ove si sviluppano la
maggior parte degli incidenti gravi), e quindi per
migliorare l’interazione uomo-ambiente stradale si rifà
alla design consistency. Uno degli elementi cardine di
ques’ultima è il concetto della velocità operativa, sulla
quale si basano le principali teorie della design
consistency. In Italia, come è noto, con il D.M. del 2001
sono entrate in vigore le nuove norme di progettazione
stradale, secondo le quali le principali caratteristiche
geometriche e di progetto dell’infrastruttura viaria sono
calcolate ancora in funzione della velocità di progetto. In
Sardegna, negli ultimi anni, sono stati aperti al traffico
diversi tratti di una strada extraurbana a carreggiata
unica e due corsie progettata nel rispetto del D.M.
5/11/2001.
L’obiettivo del presente articolo è verificare, su tale
strada, della quale sono note le principali caratteristiche
geometriche e di progetto, i principali modelli nazionali, e
qualche modello internazionale, redatti in riferimento
all’interazione tra conducente ed ambiente stradale.
La ricerca del Dipartimento di Ingegneria del Territorio
dell’Università di Cagliari è finalizzata, appunto,
all’implementazione di tali modelli finalizzata alla
redazione di riferimenti univoci, attendibili e accettabili a
livello nazionale
L’adeguamento di una strada in relazione al sistema binario uomo-strada: applicazione e verifica locale dei modelli esistenti riferiti al calcolo della velocità operativa
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Sustainability of Pedestrian Paths
No full textGenerally, when we talk about sustainability we think the main reference is the respect of the natural environment,
but the concept of sustainable road infrastructure may be even wider especially if you think the pedestrian paths, where
the concept of sustainability is closely linked to that of quality of the road. In this regard it is known that the quality of a
road is perceived differently by different users, whose behaviours vary according to the motivations of the
displacement, the length of the path to follow, the security and the comfort perceived. These differences are even more
pronounced in the case of pedestrians, for whom the concept of sustainability/quality of the path takes a key role, even
in just the choice of the same. When designing a pedestrian path, often it still refers to '"average user", ignoring the
great variability in the skills, abilities and knowledge that characterize the population that already moved or which in
fact see denied the possibility of moving.
This article analyzes the pedestrian behavior with specific attention to critical detectable along the existing
pedestrian routes especially for the mobility-impaired pedestrians, analyzing the difficulties of moving people with disabilities. In the first part of the article are briefly described the basic principles of Design for All and the characteristics of pedestrians in relation to age and motor skills, in order also to highlight how the concept of the
average user in the design of spaces pedestrian is obsolete. The second part analyzes the perception of the quality of pedestrian paths by pedestrian themselves, paying particular attention to those with reduced mobility. The work,
reported in this article, is the first part of a broader research work that sees the authors engaged with Psychologists,
Botanists and Architects, about the quality of the urban road
Studying Roundabout Performances Using Kriging Techniques
No full textGenerally road intersections are the most dangerous
places into the road space. This is mainly caused from the many
conflicting points existing in that road area. Generally
roundabout reduces considerably the number of conflicting points
with respect to a stop or yield intersection, from 32 to 8 conflicting
points. For this reason, in recent years, many countries have
adopted roundabouts as a design solution for both urban and
rural road intersections. This happens even if the available space
is not enough: for this reason, there are a lot of non-standard
roundabouts, for example with one of legs without deflection.
The absence of deflection can modify the roundabouts
performance. Roundabout works well if specific traffic and
geometric conditions exist. The parameter used to estimate if a
roundabout can work well or not is its capacity (where capacity is
defined as the maximum entering flow). One of more popular
method to investigate roundabout performances is based on the
relationship between entering flow (Qe) and circulating flow (Qc).
These models have been built by using statistical regressions and
only for well designed roundabouts.
The paper reports a different approach to the phenomenon: an
approach based on geostatistical theories, which consider the
relationship between Qe and Qc as a regionalized phenomenon.
According to this collected data are not random values but are
supposed to be related to each other with a defined law. The paper
analyzed both roundabouts with and without deflection
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