1,721,003 research outputs found
Visit and Buy. An empirical analysis of tourism and exports
No full textThe impact of international tourism flows has been poorly studied within the
international trade literature. In this paper I use disaggregated bilateral data on both
movements of people and movements of goods in order to carry out a panel data
analysis on how the two flows are linked. Rajan and Zingales (1998) methodology is
applied in order to identify those products (experienced goods) which are more
likely to be sampled by foreign visitors. I concentrate on 11 manufacturing
industries whose products are ’local’ varieties and are likely to be part of the
traveling experience. I compute an index of experienced good intensity and I use
products which are not final consumption goods as a control group. The identifying
strategy enables us to robustly assess the influence of total arrivals in a country on its
exports. After considering 25 EU countries, it is found that tourism promotes
exports and its effect is not negligible, particularly for the EU15 group, being of
3.5% for sectors at mean of the experienced good intensity distribution
Trade and Global Value Chains at the Time of Covid-19
No full textThe pandemic we are experiencing is, despite its temporary nature, likely to leave a permanent sign on the global trade system. Measures to contain contagion have revealed the greater vulnerability of firms operating in global value chains (GVCs) and especially those located in first-hit countries. The risk is that production reshuffling made possible by automation will increase, and that nations will see incentives for changing the distribution of manufacturing around the globe. Furthermore, Covid-led trade restrictions may trigger a new wave of protectionism, impacting disproportionately on those countries without the manufacturing capacity to provide their populations with medical products
Border effects in the enlarged EU area
No full textBy looking at imports of Eastern European countries, we provide novel
insights on the importance and magnitude of border effects and on how
they are linked with technical barriers to trade. All Central Eastern
European Countries (CEECs) traded with themselves more than with other
countries. We grouped products into three categories; depending on the
importance of applicaple technical barriers. Our results show border effects
are the largest for products, where we expect to have the most important
technical barriers. We assess if border effects changed over the transition
period and we find that for products where technical barriers are less
important the magnitude of border effects was declining at the end
of the 90s
Accessibility across Italy: a grid cell approach
Full text linkThis paper aims to address and discuss the measurement of within-country accessibility by computing travel times for Italy. Typically, domestic accessibility is measured at the municipal level, the smallest unit of analysis used in official national statistics; however, this territorial division may lack the granularity needed to capture specific variations within each unit. Conversely, supranational accessibility leverages finer information; however, if collected worldwide, global satellite and geocoded data may struggle with fine-grained accuracy within a country. To tackle these issues, we propose and analyze some measures of accessibility—defined by travel times to cities, transport infrastructure, and facilities at the sub-municipal level—using grid cells of five-by-five kilometers for the whole Italian territory and combining geocoded information with data from the national census and governmental offices. The measures computed in this paper offer a finer-grained quantification of accessibility, capturing differences within the same administrative level. Additionally, the grid cell approach—an analytical framework independent of political or administrative boundaries—allows for a more exogenous accessibility measurement. We use maps to visually present our findings
Movements of people for movements of goods?
Full text linkWhile it is well established to think of international tourism as a type of exports, namely ‘home’ exports, the potential of tourism flows as an engine for fostering trade among countries is a poorly studied topic. In this paper we show that this relationship can be studied at a very detailed level by exploiting the disaggregation of existing information on international trade and inbound tourism. We consider a sample of 25 countries belonging to the European Union, a region which has been interested by common shocks such as the establishment of the Euro as the new currency for many countries and the liberalization in the air transport market. We carry out a panel data analysis by means of which we assess whether international tourist arrivals by a given country activate additional exports towards the same country. We find not only that tourism can promote exports, but also that this effect displays important differences depending on whether or not consumption goods are considered. This finding is consistent with the idea that the experience of tourists in a given destination reduces the fixed costs of trade, thus facilitating access to the advantages of international trade for more peripheral economies
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