123 research outputs found
High School Alcohol Use and Young Adult Labor Market Outcomes
No full textWe estimate the relationship between 10th grade binge drinking in 1990 and labor market outcomes in 2000 among National Educational Longitudinal Survey respondents. For females, adolescent drinking and adult wages are unrelated, and negative employment effects disappear once academic achievement is held constant. For males, negative employment effects and, more strikingly, positive wage effects persist after controlling for achievement as well as background characteristics, educational attainment, and adult binge drinking and family and job characteristics. Accounting for illegal drug use and other problem behaviors in 10th grade eliminates the unemployment effect, but strengthens the wage effect. As the latter is not explicable by the health, income or social capital justifications that are often used for frequently observed positive correlations between adult alcohol use and earnings, we conjecture that binge drinking conveys unobserved social skills that are rewarded by employers.
Uvitellina titiri Chatterji 1958, n. comb.
No full textU. titiri (Chatterji, 1958) n. comb. Type host. Spur-winged lapwing or plover, Vanellus spinosus (Linnaeus) (Syn. Haplopterus ventralis [Linnaeus]) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae). Type locality. Junshi near Allahabad, Allahabad District, India. Remarks. This species was originally described as Cyclocoelum titiri Chatteriji, 1958, but was transferred to Wardianum by Yamaguti (1971). It was considered to be a synonym of Haematotrephus lanceolatum (Wedl, 1858) by Gupta (1964). This species has a pretesticular ovary that forms a triangle with the diagonal testes (Haematotrephinae). The genital pore was described by Chatterji (1958) as opening “behind pharynx” (postpharyngeal), but it was shown to be immediately below the intestinal bifurcation in the figure of the adult (apparently Fig. 2). Chatterji (1958) described the vitelline fields as extending “posteriorly to hinder-most ends of the intestinal arch” (confluent). The author also commented that “vitellarium in anterior third of body clearly visible” while some parts were apparently “obscured by uterus”. The vitelline fields appear to be shown as being confluent in Fig. 2, placing this species in Uvitellina. Note that the genital pore placement is unusual for cyclocoelids because it opens below the intestinal bifurcation; however, Chatterji (1958) indicated that the intestinal bifurcation was “much disposed anteriorly”, which may have caused the placement of the genital pore to appear to be more posterior than normal. Rudimentary oral sucker present—Chatterji (1958).Published as part of Dronen, Norman O. & Blend, Charles K., 2015, Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4053 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23711
the source. Sadness, Suicidality and Grades
No full textI thank participants in a session at the 2010 ASHEcon conference, especially Pinka Chatterji, Dhaval Dave, Jason Fletcher and Cagatay Koc, for helpful comments. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications
Adolescent Drinking and High School Dropout
No full textThis paper estimates the effect of binge and frequent drinking by adolescents on subsequent high school dropout using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Young Adults. We estimate an instrumental variables model with an indicator of any past month alcohol use, which is by definition correlated with heavy drinking but should have minimal additional impact on educational outcomes, as the identifying instrument, and also control for a rich set of potentially confounding variables, including maternal characteristics and dropout risk factors measured before and during adolescence. In comparison, OLS provides conservative estimates of the causal impact of heavy drinking on dropping out, implying that binge or frequent drinking among 15 %uF81816 year old students lowers the probability of having graduated or being enrolled in high school four years later by at least 11 percent. Overidentification tests using two measures of maternal youthful alcohol use as additional instruments support our identification strategy.
Family Leave after Childbirth and the Health of New Mothers
No full textIn the United States, almost a third of new mothers who worked during pregnancy return to work within three months of childbirth. Current public policies in the U.S. do not support long periods of family leave after childbirth, although some states are starting to change this. As such, it is vital to understand how length of family leave during the first year after childbirth affects families' health and wellbeing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between family leave length, which includes leave taking by mothers and fathers, and behavioral and physical health outcomes among new mothers. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort, we examine measures of depression, overall health status, and substance use. We use a standard OLS as well as an instrumental variables approach with county-level employment conditions and state-level maternity leave policies as identifying instruments. The results suggest that longer maternity leave from work, both paid and un-paid, is associated with declines in depressive symptoms, a reduction in the likelihood of severe depression, and an improvement in overall maternal health. We also find that having a spouse that did not take any paternal leave after childbirth is associated with higher levels of maternal depressive symptoms. We do not find, however, that length of paternal leave is associated with overall maternal health, and we find only mixed evidence that leave length after childbirth affects maternal alcohol use and smoking.
Psychiatric Disorders and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey - Replication
No full textThis paper uses the National Comorbidity Survey – Replication to estimate the effects of recent psychiatric disorder on employment, hours worked, and earnings. We employ methods proposed in Altonji, Elder and Taber (2005) which use selection on observable traits to provide information regarding selection along unobservable factors. Among males, disorder is associated with reductions of 13-17 percentage points in labor force participation and employment, depending on the sample and the model. Among females, we find smaller, less consistent associations between disorder and labor force participation and employment. There are no effects of disorder on earnings or hours worked among employed individuals.
The Dynamics of Income-related Health Inequality among US Children
No full textWe estimate and decompose family income-related inequality in child health in the US and analyze its dynamics using the income-related health mobility index recently introduced byAllanson et al., 2010. Data come from the 1997, 2002, and 2007 waves of the Child Development Supplement (CDS) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The findings show that family income-related child health inequality remains stable from early childhood into adolescence. The main factor underlying income-related child health inequality is family income itself, although other factors, such as maternal education, also play a role. Decomposition of income-related health mobility indicates that health changes over time are more favorable to children with lower initial family incomes vs. children with higher initial family incomes. However, offsetting this effect, our findings also suggest that as children grow up, changes in family income ranking over time are related to children’s subsequent health status.inequality, child health, income-related health inequality, income-related health mobility, health inequality
Does alcohol use during high school affect educational attainment?: Evidence from the National Education Longitudinal Study
No full textIllicit Drug Use and Educational Attainment
No full textThis paper uses data from the National Education Longitudinal Study to estimate the association between illicit drug use during high school and the number of years of schooling completed. The analysis accounts for the possibility that drug use is endogenous using two methods: (1) by controlling for individual-level characteristics measured before high school entrance; and (2) by using an instrumental variables method, with state drug policies and 8th grade school characteristics as identifying variables. Findings suggest that marijuana and cocaine use in both 10th and 12th grade are associated with reductions in the number of years of schooling completed.
J Policy Anal Manage
No full textAs of 2014, 37 states have passed mandates requiring many private health insurance policies to cover diagnostic and treatment services for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We explore whether ASD mandates are associated with out-of-pocket costs, financial burden, and cost or insurance-related problems with access to treatment among privately insured children with special health care needs (CSHCNs). We use difference-in-difference and difference-in-difference-in-difference approaches, comparing pre--post mandate changes in outcomes among CSHCN who have ASD versus CSHCN other than ASD. Data come from the 2005 to 2006 and the 2009 to 2010 waves of the National Survey of CSHCN. Based on the model used, our findings show no statistically significant association between state ASD mandates and caregivers' reports about financial burden, access to care, and unmet need for services. However, we do find some evidence that ASD mandates may have beneficial effects in states in which greater percentages of privately insured individuals are subject to the mandates. We caution that we do not study the characteristics of ASD mandates in detail, and most ASD mandates have gone into effect very recently during our study period.20152020-09-24T00:00:00ZCC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States25893237PMC75120231060
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