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Corethrella (Corethrella) borkenti Amaral & Pinho 2015
No full textCorethrella (Corethrella) borkenti Amaral & Pinho, 2015 Fig. 41; Appendix 1 Diagnosis Larva Only bromeliculous species with the following combination of characters: head mostly pale, but mandible, maxilla, segment X, and siphon more darkly pigmented (Amaral & Pinho 2015: fig. 19); postmentum elongate, with margins almost parallel up to basal 0.6, strongly tapering distally (Fig. 41D); prementum with 12–14 darkly pigmented teeth (Fig. 41D); central tooth large, second small, third large and remaining ones gradually decreasing in size (Fig. 41D); seta 15-C bifurcated or forked. Pupa Only bromeliculous species with the following combination of characters: exuvia medium brown (Amaral & Pinho 2015: fig. 16), abdomen elongate and tapering, darker mesially; abdominal segments little expanded laterally, with one dorsal and one lateral well-developed setae (Amaral & Pinho 2015: fig. 18) on each of segments II–VII (these setae longer than respective segments, largest ones about twice as long); dorsal setae progressively shorter from V–VII; all setae darkly pigmented; respiratory organ tubular, very elongate, expanded at apex (Amaral & Pinho 2015: fig. 17). Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia State • 1 ♂, adult; Ilhéus, UESC Max de Menezes; 14°47ʹ54ʺ S, 39°10ʹ24ʺ W; 21 May 2019; A.P. Amaral leg.; Mirco’s bromeliad; CE-MHS • 1 ♀, adult, with larval and pupal exuviae; Ilhéus, Cabruca da UESC; 14°47ʹ48ʺ S, 39°10ʹ20ʺ W; 35 m a.s.l.; 16 May 2019; A.P. Amaral leg.; bromeliad; CE-MHS • 1 ♀, adult, with larval and pupal exuviae; Porto Seguro, RPPN Estação Veracel, Trilha 12-09; 16°19ʹ38ʺ S, 39°07ʹ22ʺ W; 73 m a.s.l.; 28 Aug. 2019; A.P. Amaral leg.; bromeliad; CE-MHS. – Santa Catarina State • 1 ♀, adult; Grão Pará, Parque Estadual Serra Furada, CAPEA stream; 28°11ʹ26ʺ S, 49°23ʹ30ʺ W; 16 Nov. 2012 – 7 Jan. 2013; L.C. Pinho, M.C. Novaes and M.F. Haddad leg.; Malaise trap; CE-MHS • 1 ♀, adult, with larval and pupal exuviae; Florianópolis, Pantanal, Rua Sulcar; 27°36ʹ35ʺ S, 48°30ʹ57ʺ W; 53 m a.s.l.; 21 Jul. 2016; A.P. Amaral leg.; bromeliad; CE-MHS. Description Male and female adults (1 ♂, 4 ♀♀) HEAD. Sensilla (Fig. 41A): Ocular row with 1 thick offset seta at ventral part and 1 more dorsally, followed by 13–15 setae shortly extending posteriorly. Subocular row well-defined with about 20 slender setae from interocular space to posterior portion. Vertex with a few scattered setae. Postgenal row with 6–15 slender setae, ranging from mid-posterior portion of head to ventromedially. With 2 thick ventromedial setae. THORAX. Sensilla (Fig. 41B): Antepronotum with 1–2 dorsal and 3–7 anteroventral intermediate setae. Postpronotum with 1 thick dorsal, 1 slender anterodorsal, and 4–5 more ventrally located setae. Scutum, prescutal area with 2 thick and 2–4 intermediate setae, dorsoventrally aligned near prescutal suture; 0–7 intermediate/slender anterior setae. Antealar area with cluster of about 5–7 thick, 4–8 intermediate, and 6–9 slender setae located ventrally; 11–25 slender dorsal setae. Supraalar area with 3–4 thick and 0–1 intermediate setae aligned longitudinally, about 6–9 slender setae surrounding. Dorsocentral row, posterior part with cluster of 4–6 thick and about 3–7 slender setae; approximately 17–23 thick/ intermediate and 38–41 slender filling row. Scutellum with 12–14 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum bare. Anepimeron with 5–17 slender setae. WING. Male R 3 /R 1: 0.40; R 2+3 /R 2: 0.94. Female R 3 /R 1: 0.51 (0.47–0.55); R 2+3 /R 2: 0.66 (0.59–0.73). LEGS. Empodium (Fig. 41C) of intermediate length and thickness, with 5 branches. Male Ta1/Ta2: 3.00; Ta3/Ta4: 1.60. Female Ta1/Ta2: 2.90 (2.71–3.00); Ta3/Ta4: 1.09 (1.08–1.13). Larva (n = 3) EXUVIA (Amaral & Pinho 2015: fig. 19). Head mostly pale; mandible, maxilla, segment X, and siphon more darkly pigmented; without tergal plates. HEAD (Fig. 41D). Wide, somewhat round in dorsoventral view, 1.22 (1.19–1.25) times as wide as long. Antenna 0.41 (0.40–0.41) times length of head; antennal groove 1.36 (1.25–1.48) times length of antenna. Ventral margin of antennal groove serrate. Postmentum elongate, with margins almost parallel until basal 0.6, strongly tapering distally; 1.13 (1.11–1.14) times as wide as long; length 0.58 (0.57–0.59) of head. Prementum (Amaral & Pinho 2015: figs 21–22) curved, with 12–14 darkly pigmented teeth; central tooth largest, second tooth small, third large, remaining ones gradually smaller.Anteroventral projection of gena strongly projected anteriorly, surface smooth. Postcoila extending to lateral margin of gena. Subgenal carina without spinules. Crown with 13–17 regularly distributed spines, sizes growing towards lateral, ventral spines shortest; largest spine 0.08 mm (0.07–0.09) long. Seta 16-C anterolateral to crown. Mandible, apical tooth 1.62 (1.43–1.83) times length of first dorsal tooth; seta 3-Mn 0.43 (0.42–0.43) times length of 4-Mn; lacinia mobilis with 8 blades; mandibular lobe well-developed, pale, contiguous to teeth. Sensilla: 9-C short, fan-like; 10-C elongate, simple; 11-C elongate, simple or forked; 12-C elongate, simple; 13-C short, fan-like; 14-C moderately elongate, simple; 15-C moderately elongate, bifurcated or forked; 16-C elongate, bifurcated. 0a-Mn short, fan-like; 0b-Mn elongate, simple. 6-Mx short, bifurcated; 4-Mx moderately elongate, simple; 5-Mx short, fan-like. SIPHON (Amaral & Pinho 2015: fig. 28). 0.32 mm (0.30–0.34) long. Seta 1 forked, situated at 0.19 (0.11–0.26) of length from base; 6-S pale, 9-S darkly pigmented; length of 6-S/9-S: 0.54 (0.48–0.60). Pupa (n = 3) EXUVIA (Amaral & Pinho 2015: fig. 16). Medium brown, with abdominal segments II–VII darker mesially; setae darkly pigmented, except cephalothorax dorsal 1, setae on terminal process lightly pigmented. CEPHALOTHORAX. Length 1.32 mm (1.17–1.61). Dorsal seta 1 pale, short, moderately thick; about one length apart from dorsal 2; dorsal 2 darkly pigmented, of same basal thickness, about four times as long; both setae arising from undifferentiated cuticle. Metathoracic 2 and supraalar 2 sensilla present. Metathoracic seta 1 short, simple. ABDOMEN (Amaral & Pinho 2015: fig. 18). Elongate, tapering from IV–VII, dorsal tegument smooth; length of segments I–VIII: 1.37 mm (1.17–1.73), width/length: 0.54 (0.49–0.58). Margins serrate, moderately expanded laterally, somewhat posteriorly from VI–VIII. Largest seta L-2-II, 1.79 (1.68– 1.94) times length of segment. Terminal process moderately elongate, basal width 0.70 (0.67–0.72) of length, with paddles moderately tapering from base; D-1-IX short, at about 0.50 from base; apical spine articulated; ventroapical seta V-1-IX about 3 times as long as apical spine; female genital lobe tapered at midlength, distinctly narrower than base of paddles; genital lobe elongate in male, slightly tapering, extending to half length of paddles. Chaetotaxy as illustrated. Distribution and biology Examined individuals with their associated exuviae were collected as larvae from bromeliads in the Atlantic forest of Santa Catarina and Bahia states. Adults were collected with light traps (Amaral et al. 2019). This species has been recorded at altitudes ranging from 35 to 248 m a.s.l. Remarks In the original description, Amaral & Pinho (2015) recognized as a diagnostic feature of the species the exceptionally elongate pupal respiratory organ, with a length 13–18 times its basal width. The specimens examined here show a less elongated respiratory organ, with a length/width ratio ranging from 9.5 to 13. The other diagnostic features of immatures and adults, however, made it possible to confidently identify the specimens. Moreover, in the original description, the long lateral seta on the abdomen of the pupa is indicated as L-4, but we here reinterpret it as an L-2 seta. One of the specimens seems to have trifid branches on the empodium, although the position of the legs on the microscope slide make it difficult to confirm this.Published as part of Amaral, André P., Mariano, Rodolfo & Pinho, Luiz Carlos, 2023, Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, pp. 1-120 in European Journal of Taxonomy 874 (1) on pages 82-85, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.874.2135, http://zenodo.org/record/803774
Corethrella (Corethrella) yucuman Caldart & Pinho 2016
No full textCorethrella (Corethrella) yucuman Caldart & Pinho, 2016 Fig. 12; Appendix 1 Material examined Paratypes BRAZIL – Rio Grande do Sul State • 2 ♂♂, adults; Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo; Riacho Salto; 27°08ʹ22ʺ S, 53°52ʹ52ʺ W; 185 m a.sl.; 14 Feb. 2014; V.M. Caldart et al. leg.; silent frog-call trap (CS1 N, control); CE-MHS • 2 ♀♀, adults; same collection data as for preceding, except (PG1N control); CE-MHS. Description Male and female adults (2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀) HEAD (Fig. 12A). Sensilla: Ocular row with 1 thick offset seta at ventral portion, about 15 setae more dorsally, shortly extending posteriorly. Subocular row well-defined, with about 15 slender setae; no other setae on vertex. Postgenal row with 4 intermediate setae ranging from posterior end of ocular row to mid-posterior portion of head. With 3 thick ventromedial setae. THORAX (Fig. 12B). Sensilla: Antepronotum with 3–5 slender setae spread on lateral portion. Postpronotum with 1 thick and 3–4 slender dorsal setae. Scutum, prescutal area with group of about 8–9 thick and 5–10 slender setae on dorsal portion, difficult to distinguish from anterior part of dorsocentral row. Antealar area with 1 thick anterodorsal, 3–4 thick ventral, and 9–24 slender setae from ventral to dorsal regions.Supraalar area with 3 thick central setae and 2–8 slender setae more dorsally.Dorsocentral row, posterior part with 3 thick and 1 slender offset setae, somewhat lateral to one another; about 16 thick and 25 slender setae filling the row. Scutellum with 6–7 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum with 1 slender dorsal seta. Anepimeron with 2–3 slender setae. Katepisternum with 1 slender posterodorsal seta. WING. Non-marginal veins with setae instead of scales. Male R 3 /R 1: 0.42–0.43; R 2+3 /R 2: 1.21–1.35. Female R 3 /R 1: 0.52–0.56; R 2+3 /R 2: 0.73–0.76. LEGS. Empodium (Fig. 12C) of intermediate length and thickness, with 7 branches. Male Ta1/Ta2: 3.10– 3.20; Ta3/Ta4: 1.40. Female Ta1/Ta2: 2.92–3.00; Ta3/Ta4: 1.14–1.29. GENITALIA. Gonostylus with one thick, subbasal seta posteroventrally located. Distribution and biology The examined specimens are paratypes described in Caldart et al. (2016). This species has been found in Turvo State Park, Rio Grande do Sul, in an area of seasonal deciduous forest of southern Brazil near the Argentinian border. Specimens were captured with frog-call traps, playing the call of Physalaemus aff. gracilis (Boulenger, 1883), Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961, Scinax perereca Pombal, Haddad & Kasahara, 1995 and a silent control trap (see details in Caldart et al. 2016). Altitudes range from 185 to 382 m a.s.l. Remarks Caldart & Pinho (Caldart et al. 2016) described the wings as having very narrow scales. We now reinterpret this character, considering setae instead of scales to be present on wing veins. This species was also originally described as lacking a subbasal seta on the gonostylus, but the seta is actually present. Corethrella yucuman, together with C. brevivena Borkent, 2008 (Borkent 2008: 228) are the only known species with a katepisternal seta, which, along with the short flagellomere VIII, the apex of R 2 being more basal than the apex of M 1 and a short coronal suture, indicates a close relationship with the clade C. brevivena + C. globosa Borkent, 2008.Published as part of Amaral, André P., Mariano, Rodolfo & Pinho, Luiz Carlos, 2023, Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, pp. 1-120 in European Journal of Taxonomy 874 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.874.2135, http://zenodo.org/record/803774
Xestochironomus virgoferreae Pinho & Souza, 2013, sp. n.
No full textXestochironomus virgoferreae sp. n. (Fig. 2) Type material. Holotype male: Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Urubici, Morro da Igreja, S 28 °07’ 25 ” W 49 ° 28 ’ 53 ”, 1670m. a.s.l., 18.vii–05.xii. 2004, malaise, L.C. Pinho & L.E.M. Bizzo (MZUSP 1255). Paratypes: 4 males, same data as holotype (MZUSP 1256, MZUFBA EA00026, MZUFBA EA00027). Diagnostic characters. The new species can be distinguished from other congeners by body entirely brown, and legs entirely darker brown. Etymology. The specific epithet honors the great British heavy metal band Iron Maiden (Latin Virgo Ferrea). Male (n = 4–5, except when otherwise stated) Total length 3.27–4.14, 3.64mm. Wing length 2.02–2.62, 2.22mm. Total length / wing length 1.59–1.79, 1.63. Wing length / length of profemur 0.84–0.92, 0.87. Coloration. Head brown. Thorax dark brown. Legs entirely brown to dark brown. Abdominal segments brown. Wing membrane light brown. Head. Antennae missing. Temporal setae 12 –17, 15. Clypeus with 12 –20, 15 setae. Tentorium 97–126, 118 μm long. Palpomere lengths (1–5) (in μm): 27 –44, 33; 34 –53, 45; 75–169, 134 (3); 104–182, 134 (3); 104–132, 119 (3). Third palpal segment with 2–5 (3) sensilla clavata, longest 12–17 (3) μm long. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 18 –25, 22; acrostichals 16 –19, 18; prealars 5 –6, 5; scutellars 12 –25, 18, biserial. Wing (Fig. 2 A). Brachiolum with 3 –4, 3 setae. R with 35 –45, 37 setae; R 1 with 30 –40, 37 setae; R 4 + 5 with 47 – 62, 52 setae at apex. Squama with 6 setae. Anal lobe rounded. Legs. Spur of midtibia 29 –48, 43μm long. Spur of hind tibia 39 –58, 48μm long. Width at apex of foretibia 58 – 68, 61μm, of midtibia 58 –87, 71μm, of hind tibia 58 –97, 75μm. Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs in Table 2. Hypopygium (Fig. 2 B–C). Tergite IX with 16 –21, 18 median strong setae and 15 –16, 15 posterior setae. Anal tergite bands present. Laterosternite with 5 –6, 5 setae. Anal point 36 –70, 53μm long, 5 –7, 6μm wide 1 / 3 from apex, 12 –15, 14μm wide at apex. Phallapodeme 73 –99, 84μm long. Gonocoxite 155–167, 160 μm long; superior volsella 77 –85, 81μm long. Inferior volsella 111–138, 124 μm long. Gonostylus 198–252, 217 μm long, not forked. HR 0.67–0.80, 0.74; HV 1.51–2.04, 1.68. Female and immatures. Unknown.Published as part of Pinho, Luiz Carlos & Souza, João Francisco, 2013, New species of Xestochironomus Sublette et Wirth, 1972 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Atlantic Forest, Brazil, pp. 595-600 in Zootaxa 3652 (5) on page 597, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3652.5.9, http://zenodo.org/record/21704
Parasycorax sigmoidalis Rossito & Pinho 2019, sp. nov.
No full textParasycorax sigmoidalis sp. nov. (Figures 1–7) Type material. Holotype male, slide-mounted. BRAZIL, Santa Catarina State, Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Serra do Tabuleiro State Park, 27°44’47” S, 48°48’29” W, Malaise trap 13.II–02.VIII.2014, L.C. Pinho (MZUSP). Paratype male, same data as holotype (UFSC). Diagnosis. The new species differs from all congeners by having a gonostylus with a single mesal branch that is sigmoidal in shape. Description. Male (n=2). Total length 1.53–1.68 mm. Tegument uniformly brownish. Head: subcircular in frontal view; eyes separated; clypeus quadrangular; labrum triangular; scape cylindrical, larger than pedicel; pedicel spherical (Fig. 3). Flagellomeres XII and XIII missing from specimens; flagellomere I 1.22–1.28 times as long as fII; ascoids sinuous, about 2.0–2.2 times as long as flagellomeres on which they are inserted (Fig. 2). Palpus with four segments (Fig. 4). Lengths of palpus segments (in µm, n=1): 32, 42, 52, 92. Thorax: notum darker than the pleura, coxae and legs. Wing 1.59–1.66 mm long (Fig. 1) with rounded apex; Sc not reaching C; sc-r short (shorter than CuA); h absent; all veins not clearly touching C; Rs incomplete, not reaching R 1; base of Rs incomplete; base of R 4+5 incomplete, not reaching Rs; r-m not developed; m-cu lightly sclerotized. Cerci (Fig. 5) with some apical bristles. Hypoproct ending before the apex of the cercus, subtriangular with blunt apex, with apical micropilosity (Fig. 5). Gonocoxite 132–147 µm long, 83–93 µm wide; base of the gonocoxite having a lateral group of four sensorial setae, all shorter than remaining setae on gonocoxite (Fig. 7). Gonostylus (Fig. 7) 103–123 µm long, with one strongly sinuous, heavily sclerotized mesal branch, 132 µm long; outer branch with six spines, comprising a apical row of three spines, one strong apical, one strong subapical and one strong and long medial; base of the gonostylus with a group of four short sensorial setae inserted dorsally (Fig. 7). Aedeagus (Fig. 6) bifid, almost as long as ejaculatory apodeme. Ejaculatory apodeme almost as long as paramere. Paramere (Fig. 6) plate-like, without bristles. Female. Unknown. Etymology. The name sigmoidalis refers to the sigmoidal (S-shaped) mesal branch of the gonostylus. Distribution. Currently known only from type locality. Comments. The type locality, Serra do Tabuleiro State Park, Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, is located in the Atlantic Rain Forest Biome, Brazil. The specimens were collected in a Malaise trap set at ground level in a mature forest, 10 meters upstream from a high waterfall, near dead trees. Other species of Parasycorax have been collected in South America using CDC light traps suspended in the canopy, about 15 meters high (Bejarano et al. 2008; Santos et al. 2009). Although the Malaise trap that collected P. sigmoidalis sp. nov. specimens was set on the ground, it is possible that canopy fauna were sampled due to its proximity to the canopy of large trees downstream of the waterfall.Published as part of Rossito, Lucas & Pinho, Luiz Carlos, 2019, A new species of Parasycorax and new records of Sycorax (Diptera: Psychodidae Sycoracinae) from southern Brazil, pp. 89-92 in Zootaxa 4691 (1) on pages 89-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4691.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/352710
Stenochironomus atlanticus Pinho & Mendes, new species
No full text<i>Stenochironomus atlanticus</i> Pinho & Mendes new species <p> <i>Type material</i>: Holotype male with larval and pupal exuviae, BRAZIL: Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, Unidade de Conservação Ambiental Desterro (UCAD), 27°31’50,8”S, 48°30’44,3”W, 15.IX.04, in <i>Canistrum lindenii</i> (Regel) Mez, L.C. Pinho & M.H. Moraes. <i>Paratypes</i>: 1 male with larval and pupal exuviae, same data as holotype except 24.IV.05, in <i>Vriesea vagans</i> (L.B. Smith) L.B. Smith, L.C. Pinho; 7 males, same data as holotype except 09.I­10.II.04, in <i>Nidularium innocentii</i> Lemaire, L.C. Pinho; 1 male, same data as holotype except 19.IX­03.X.03, in <i>N. innocentii</i>, L.C. Pinho; 1 male, same data as holotype except 0 3–24.X.03, in <i>N. innocentii</i>, L.C. Pinho; 1 male, same data as holotype except 20.VIII–17.IX.04, in <i>Neoregelia laevis</i> (Mez) L.B. Smith, L.C. Pinho; 1 male, same data as holotype except 20.VIII–17.IX.04, in <i>Vriesea philippocoburgii</i> Wawra; 1 female with larval and pupal exuviae, same data as holotype except 24.IV.05, in <i>Vriesea vegans</i> (L.B. Smith) L.B. Smith, L.C. Pinho; 2 females, same data as holotype; 2 females, same data as holotype except 09.I–10.II.04, in <i>N. innocentii</i>, L.C. Pinho; 1 female, same data as holotype except 17.IX–17.X.04, L.C. Pinho; 1 female, same data as holotype except 20.VIII–17.IX.04, in <i>N. laevis</i>, L.C. Pinho; 8 larvae and 3 pupae, same data as holotype.</p> <p> <i>Diagnostic characters</i>: The male imago can be separated from all other <i>Stenochironomus</i> species by the combination of a very long inferior volsella; pale, rounded apex of tergite IX; AR 0.96–1.08; and slightly bulbous apex of the anal point. The female imago can be distinguished by the lack of dark pigmentation; dorsomesal lobes joined along the margin; and triangular ventrolateral lobe of gonapophysis IX. The pupa is distinguished by T VIII lacking shagreen; an interrupted row of hooklets on tergite II; the anal segment with an anterior pair of shagreen patches; the frontal apotome not elongated; and the large, deltoid­tipped anal lobe extending beyond the swim paddles. The larva can be separated from other <i>Stenochironomus</i> species by having the labral lamella with two groups of spicules arranged comblike; pecten epipharyngis with simple spicules arranged in a row; and procercus with about 8 filaments.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: The name <i>atlanticus</i> refers to Mata Atlântica, the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest, where the new species was collected.</p> <p> <i>Male</i>. (<i>n</i> = 10, except when otherwise stated).</p> <p>Total length 3.19–3.96, 3.58 mm. Wing length 1.46–1.77, 1.56 mm. Total length/wing length 2.08–2.42, 2.30. Wing length/length of profemur 1.49–1.63, 1.58. Coloration: body, wings and legs completely pale to yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 1 A). AR 0.96–1.08, 0.99. Thirteenth flagellomere 458–561, 492 µm long. Temporals 14–18, 17 in single row. Clypeus with 11–18, 14 setae. Tentorium, stipes, and cibarial pump as in Fig. 1 B. Tentorium 113–152, 135 µm long; 27–44, 34 m wide at sieve pore; 12–16, 15 µm wide at posterior tentorial pit. Stipes 147–174 (2) µm long; 5–8, 7 (3) µm wide. Palp segment lengths (in µm): 36–53, 44; 41–57, 49; 156–196, 171; 117–155, 134; 209–255, 235 (9).</p> <p>Thorax (Fig. 1 C). Acrostichals 10–19, 15; dorsocentrals 11–16, 13 in single row; prealars 4–6, 5. Scutellum with 9–14, 11 setae in single row. Anterior edge of scutum slightly rounded in lateral aspect.</p> <p>Wing (Fig. 1 D). VR 1.20–1.30, 1.25. Brachiolum with 2 setae. R with 28–48, 34; R1 with 26–36, 32; R4+5 with 48–70, 60; RM with 0–2, 1; M with 0–5, 2 setae; remaining veins bare. Squama with 3–5, 4 setae.</p> <p>Legs. Scale of front tibia 32–50, 40 (4) µm long, with 2–3, 2 strong and 1–2, 2 weak setae; spurs of middle tibia 32–40, 35 (4) µm and 40–43, 41 (4) µm long; spurs of hind tibia 32–40, 35 (4) µm and 40–47, 44 (4) µm long. Apex of fore tibia 50–54, 53 (4) µm wide, of mid tibia 50–58, 56 (4) µm wide, of hind tibia 65–72, 67 (4) µm wide. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 1.</p> <p>Hypopygium (Fig. 1 E–F). Anal point 91–114, 107 µm long; 6–8, 7 (8) µm wide 1/3 from apex; 10–13, 12 (8) µm wide at apex. Tergite IX with 18–25, 22 strong setae, caudal apex slightly rounded. Laterosternite IX with 3–5, 4 setae. Phallapodeme 76–93, 83 (9) µm long; transverse sternapodeme 20–25, 23 (9) µm long. Gonocoxite 136–164, 150 µm long; inferior volsella 149–192, 167 µm long, with 4–5, 5 setae; superior volsella 34–46, 42 µm long. Gonostylus 134–169, 154 µm long. HR 0.86–1.08, 0.98; HV 2.05–2.66, 2.33.</p> <p> <i>Female</i> (<i>n</i> = 5, except when otherwise stated).</p> <p>Total length 3.04–4.23, 3.64 mm. Wing length 1.50–2.27, 1.87 mm. Total length/wing length 1.70–2.31, 1.94. Wing length/length of profemur 1.40–1.47, 1.44. Coloration as in male.</p> <p>Head. Flagellomere lengths (in µm): 135–183, 155; 93–129, 113; 86–120, 108; 69–105, 92; 84–159, 132. Longest seta 299–389, 337 µm long. AR 0.22–0.31, 0.28. Temporals 13–20, 17 in single row. Clypeus with 15–25, 20 setae. Tentorium 131–177, 151 µm long; 28–33, 30 µm wide at sieve pore; 14–18, 15 µm wide at posterior tentorial pit. Stipes 147–174 (2) µm long. Palp segment lengths (in µm): 36–58, 44; 51–67, 58; 162–234, 196 (4); 101–191, 151 (4); 216–329, 267 (4).</p> <p>Thorax. Acrostichals 19–48, 31; dorsocentrals 14–26, 19 in single row; prealars 7–8, 7. Scutellum with 10–22, 15 setae in single row.</p> <p>Wing. VR 1.20–1.29, 1.25. Brachiolum with 2 setae. R with 31–52, 42; R1 with 43–80, 57; R4+5 with 86–123, 94; RM with 1–4, 2; M with 3–10, 7 setae; remaining veins bare. Squama with 5–8, 6 setae.</p> <p>Legs. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 2.</p> <p>fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BV SV BR</p> <p>1065­1548, 779­1164, 1183­1706, 592­868­ 493­720, 434­621, 148­ 227, 1.41­ 1.52, 1.74­1.82, 1.54­1.64, 2.86­5.75, p1 1302 978 1436 740 609 529 191 1.47 1.80 1.59 3.91</p> <p>878­1292, 779­1114, 513­730, 247­375, 187­286, 118­168, 0.64­0.72, 3.43­3.57, 2.99­3.39, 3.33­4.26, p2 59­79, 71</p> <p>1089 953 633 316 231 142 0.66 3.52 3.22 3.81</p> <p>986­1390, 937­1371, 690­1006, 375­562, 286­424, 167­237, 0.73­0.78, 2.79­2.91, 2.64­2.79, 4.09­5.91, p3 69­ 88, 83</p> <p>1203 1148 862 477 361 205 0.75 2.85 2.72 4.96 Abdomen. Number of setae on tergites I–VIII as follows: 49–90, 62; 44–105, 71; 40–93, 67 (4); 47–89, 68; 38–99, 60; 24–92, 49; 21–72, 40; 11–32, 24. Number of setae on sternites I–VIII as follows: 5 (1); 6–12 (2); 6–59, 31 (4); 31–64, 44; 29–70, 46; 23–55, 41; 32–60, 44; 60–82, 72.</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 2 A–E): Tergite IX with 37–50, 43 setae; gonocoxite IX with 3–4, 4 setae. Cercus 86–114, 98 µm long. Gonapophysis IX notum 179–217, 200 µm long. Coxosternapodeme IX 68 –93, 80 µm long.</p> <p> <i>Pupa</i> (<i>n</i> = 4, except when otherwise stated). Total length 3.88–5.38, 4.61 mm. Coloration: cephalothorax and abdomen transparent, except for first leg sheath and wing sheath brownish; base of wing sheath, prothoracic and metathoracic areas with brown spots; medial portion of T I and lateral portions of T II–VIII brownish.</p> <p>Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome not elongated (Fig. 3 A). Precorneal setae 2–3, 3; lamelliform; 26–65, 45 µm long (Fig. 3 B). Dorsocentrals (Dc) 25–58, 41 µm long; lamelliform (Fig. 3 C). Distance between Dc1 and Dc2 3 (1) µm; between Dc2 and Dc3 243 (1) µm; between Dc3 and Dc4 2 (1) µm.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 3 D–E). T I bare; T II–IV with median, large field of shagreen; T V–VI, with anterior and posterior patches of shagreen, separated by fine shagreen; T VI with anterior and posterior patches of shagreen totally separated; T VII with single anteromedian field of shagreen; T VIII without shagreen; anal segment with anterior pair of shagreen patches. T II with interrupted row of hooklets. Abdominal setation: S I without L setae; S II–IV with 4 L setae; S V–VII with 4 LS setae; S VIII with 5 LS setae. Spur on S VIII with 1–3, 2 teeth (3), longest tooth 32– 45, 26 (3) µm long. Apex of anal lobe deltoid, extending beyond swim paddles; with 18–26, 23 filaments in fringe. Genital sac 107–120, 113 (3) µm long; anal lobe 205 (1) µm long.</p> <p> <i>Fourth­instar larva</i> (<i>n</i> = 9, except when otherwise stated). Total length 6.92–8.27, 7.44 (8) mm. Head capsule (Fig. 4 A–B), 0.38–0.42, 0.40 (7) mm long.</p> <p>Head. Antenna as in Fig. 4 C; lengths of antennal segments (in µm): 43–54, 49; 14–19, 17; 3–6, 5 (8); 4–8, 6 (7); 1–2, 2 (8). Blade 18–23, 20 µm long. Labrum as in Fig. 4 D. Labral lamella with two groups of spicules arranged comblike, pecten epipharyngis with simple spicules arranged in row. S1 simple, 12–24, 21 (7) µm long; S2 simple to pinnate, 18–25, 21 (6) µm long. Premandible 40–55, 47 (8) µm long, with brush of about 30 setae. Mandible (Fig. 4 E) 114–144, 128 µm long, with 4 inner teeth. Mentum (Fig. 4 F) 86–95, 91 (8) µm wide, with median tooth 7–10, 8 (8) µm wide; paralabial plate with cuticular thickening along lateral edge. Labiohypopharynx (Fig. 4 G) with ligular lobes rounded, with parallel–sided cleft between them.</p> <p>Abdomen. Procercus with about 8 filaments, associated seta of equal size. Anal papillae (Fig. 4 H) constricted medially, basal portion 145 (1) µm long, apical portion 222 (1) µm long. Anal hook 32–43, 38 (8) µm long.</p>Published as part of <i>Pinho, Luiz Carlos De, Mendes, Humberto Fonseca & Marcondes, Carlos Brisola, 2005, A new Brazilian species of Stenochironomus Kieffer mining decayed leaves in bromeliads (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-47 in Zootaxa 1046</i> on pages 38-44, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/169904">10.5281/zenodo.169904</a>
Corethrella xokleng Amaral & Mariano & Pinho 2019, sp. n.
No full textCorethrella xokleng sp. n. (Figures 3–5) Type material. Holotype, male adult, slide mounted: “HOLÓTIPO Corethrella xokleng Amaral, Mariano & Pinho ♂, Grão Pará, SC, BR, Rio Três Barras #11, S28º12’44” W49º27’28”, 15.XI.2012, light trap, LC Pinho, LS Gomes & AL Schlindwein”, (MZUSP). Allotype, adult female, slide mounted, as holotype, except: “ALÓTIPO Corethrella xokleng Amaral, Mariano & Pinho ♀, Rio Braço Esquerdo #17, S28º09’01” W49º21’21”, 16.XI.2012 ” (MZUSP). Paratype: 1 adult female, slide mounted, as allotype (UFSC). Etymology. The specific epithet honors the Xokleng people, the original inhabitants of the type location, who have been brutally decimated since the beginning of colonization by those of European extraction in southern Santa Catarina state. The name is to be regarded as a noun in apposition. Diagnostic characters. This species differs from other extant Corethrella by the following combination of characters: Adult male: trochanter and base of hind femur paler than apex of femur, 3rd palpal segment clavate (apically expanded), 4 thick setae on frons, empodia thick, with 10 bifid branches. Adult female: Wings and legs uniformly pigmented, head rounded in dorsal view, 3rd palpal segment clavate (apically expanded), four thick setae on frons, empodia thick, with 10 bifid branches. Description. Adult male (n=1). (Tables 1, 2, Figs. 3, 4 A–D) Head (Fig. 3A). Rounded in anterior view. Coronal suture long, reaching ventral margin of eye bridge. Four parallel thick setae on frons. Palpus (Fig. 4A) medium brown, with 3rd segment somewhat expanded apically, 5 th segment with about double the length of 4th. Clypeus (Fig. 4B) square with three setae on dorsal surface. Antenna (as in Fig. 4H) brown with flagellomere 13 apically bifurcated. Sensilla coeloconica distributed according to table 1. Thorax (Fig. 3B). Light to medium brown, with mesonotum darker, anepimeron with one seta, pale with central portion more darkly pigmented. Posterior anepisternum with incomplete diagonal suture at ventral margin. Anterior anepisternum divided in half by transversal suture. Prescutal suture long, almost reaching dorsocentral row of setae. Group of five setae on posterior portion of dorsocentral row. Katepisternum pale around ventral margin. Wings (as in Fig. 3B). Plain brown, with setae instead of scales on non-marginal veins. Vein R 1 somewhat bolder. Apex of R 2 basal to the one of M 1. Halter slightly lighter or same color than scutellum. Legs (Fig. 3B). Uniformly medium brown, except midleg trochanter, lighter than femur and trochanter, base of hind femur lighter than apex of femur. Legs without scales. Tarsal claws equal, inserted apically. Empodia (as in Fig. 4C) thicker than apical setae of last tarsomeres, longer than average diameter of last tarsomeres, with 9–10 bifid branches. Abdomen. Uniformly medium to dark brown. Genitalia (Figs. 3C, 4C, D). Gonocoxite (Fig. 3C) medium to dark brown, elongate, slender; dorsal row with five setae, the first slightly thinner than the rest. 5th seta medially dislocated; one dorsomedial thicker seta, tapering from midlength. Gonostylus with constant width subtly bent subapically, with apical seta very short and thick. subbasal seta located posteroventrally at 0.2 of gonostylus, length about 0.3 of gonostylus. Aedeagus (Fig. 4C) long, strongly tapering from base; margins fused near apex. Adult female: (n=2) (Tables 1, 2, Figs. 4 E–H, 5) as for male, except: Head (Fig. 5A). Coronal suture short, ending close to dorsal margin of eye bridge. Palpus (Fig. 4F) with 3rd segment clavate. Clypeus (Fig. 4G) with 6–8 setae on dorsal surface. Sensilla coeloconica distributed according to table 1. Abdomen (Fig. 5D). Medium to dark brown. Cercus equally pigmented. Immatures. Unknown. Distribution and biology. This species is known from three individuals (two females and one male) collected in light traps from type locality, Serra Furada State Park, in Grão Pará, SC, at elevations of 355– 354 m. Serra Furada is a region of Atlantic Forest, interspersed with large areas of Eucalyptus cultivation, near the transition to Araucaria Forest at higher altitudes. The rivers where traps were set are gravel-bed streams, 4–6m wide and about 1m deep. Taxonomic discussion. This species shares the synapomorphies which define the rotunda group (as designated by Borkent, 2008): wings without a pattern of pigmentation and posterior anepisternum with contiguous ventral and dorsal portions. Male flagellomere 8 shorter than both 7 and 9, wing with apex of R 2 basal to apex of M 1 and the presence of setae instead of scales on wing veins place Corethrella xokleng sp. n. among the clade formed by C. kerrvilensis (Stone), C. remiantenalis Borkent, C. blandafemur Borkent, C. brevivena Borkent, and C. globosa Borkent. Corethrella xokleng sp. n. does not share the synapomorphies that group C. remiantenalis with C. blandafemur or C. brevivena with C. globosa, respectively, suggesting it may be the sister to a clade comprised of all four of these species. Females and males of C. xokleng sp. n. were associated by their shared pigmentation patterns on wings and legs, the collecting location, the pattern of empodia and by the 4 setae on the frons, the latter being a unique character among rotunda group.Published as part of Amaral, André P., Mariano, Rodolfo & Pinho, Luiz Carlos, 2019, Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera Corethrellidae), pp. 103-120 in Zootaxa 4706 (1) on pages 110-112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/356511
Corethrella (Corethrella) stenostyla Amaral & Bello-González & Pinho 2021, sp. n.
No full textCorethrella (Corethrella) stenostyla sp. n. (Figs. 1 & 2) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1BEA6C85-D4BC-4EE7-B59E-7112B57D4EE8 Type material. Holotype: male adult, slide mounted: “HOLOTYPE Corethrella stenostyla Amaral, Bello-González & Pinho ♂, CUBA, Granma Province, Guisa, La Bayamesa National Park, 1km of ‘ Pico La Bayamesa’, xii.2015, Malaise trap, Orestes C. Bello-González leg.” (CEMHS). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the slender shape of the gonostylus, also present in other species. Diagnostic characters. Male adults: only extant species in the New World with a plain wing; ventral portion of posterior anepisternum triangular, without a thickened anterodorsal margin; thorax brown, ventral portion of anepimeron, trochanters and bases of hind and midfemora pale; foreleg third tarsomere shorter than fourth. Description. Male adult (n=1). Head (Fig. 2A). Medium to dark brown. Outline in anterior view moderately laterally elongate, 1.43 times wider than long. Coronal suture complete, reaching ventral margin of interocular space. Clypeus (Fig. 2B) square, 1.08x wider than long, with 3 setae. Palpus (Figs. 2A, C) slightly less pigmented than head, third segment with constant width, length of fifth 0.83. Antenna (Fig. 2D): pedicel dark brown, flagellum medium to dark brown with very base of flagellomeres II–XIII pale; flagellomeres (Fig. 2E) I, III elongate, II somewhat short; flagellomere XIII apically bifurcated. Sensilla coeloconica distribution: 1(IX–XIII), 4(I). Sensilla (Fig. 2B): Ocular row with 1 thick offset seta at ventral part, 12 more dorsally, extending a little beyond vertex. With subocular row not well-defined, many slender setae on vertex and interocular space. Postgenal row with 10 intermediate setae, contiguous to ocular row, extending to ventral margin. With 1 ventromedial seta. Thorax (Figs. 2F, G). Medium to dark brown; ventral portion of anepimeron and hind coxa pale, sclerites around wing light brown. Prescutal suture moderately elongate, fading dorsally. Anterior anepisternum divided longitudinally by sinuous suture. Posterior anepisternum triangular, with anterodorsal margin not thick. Sensilla (Fig. 1H): Antepronotum, 13 intermediate setae on anterior and lateral portions. Postpronotum with 1 thick, dorsal seta and 3 intermediate, more posterior setae. Scutum, prescutal area with 8 intermediate and slender setae located anteriorly, 2 thick and 1 intermediate near prescutal suture. Antealar area with 3 thick setae and 1 slender seta near prescutal suture, 13 thick and intermediate setae spread posteriorly on ventral portion. Supraalar area with 2 thick setae on posterior portion, 6 slender and 4 intermediate ones more anteriorly. Dorsocentral row, posterior part with 4 thick offset setae, about 26 thick and intermediate, 13 slender setae filling the row. Scutellum with 12 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum bare. Anepimeron with 3 slender posterodorsal setae. Wing (Figs. 2J, K). Medium brown, somewhat greyish. non-marginal veins with narrow scales. Without pattern of pigmentation. Apex of R 2 slightly basal to apex of M 1. Ratio of lengths of R 3 /R 1: 0.64; R 2+3 /R 2: 0.37. Pigment of haltere same as that of scutellum. Legs (Fig. 2F). Medium brown, with trochanters and bases of hind and midfemora pale. Tibiae and femora without scales. Midleg tarsus apparently lacking distinctively thick subapical setae. Ratio of lengths of Ta1/Ta2: 3.00; Ta3/Ta4: 0.52. Tarsal claws of foreleg unequal and longer than hind and midleg claws. Empodium (Fig. 2I) of intermediate thickness and length, with 4 branches. Abdomen (Fig. 2L). Medium brown, with segments 7–9 and gonocoxite darker. Segment 8 pale posteriorly. Genitalia (Figs. 2M, N). Gonocoxite slender, without distinctively elongate spicules on anteromedial area; dorsal row well-defined with 6 stout elongate setae restricted to dorsal region; 1 dorsomedial stout seta, tapering from base, located at 0.17 from base of gonocoxite. Gonostylus slender, with nearly constant width; sub-basal seta simple and elongate, situated anteriorly, at 0.28 from base; gonostylus with blunt, peg-like bristle inserted at apex and 5 small subapical setae. Aedeagus strongly tapering from midlength, margins fused subapically. Female and immatures. Unknown. Distribution and biology. This species is known solely from the male holotype, collected in a Malaise trap set in La Bayamesa National Park, Cuba, in an area of montane rainforest, at approximately 1400m a.s.l. (Figure 1). Taxonomic discussion. Corethrella stenostyla sp. n. is morphologically peculiar. According to the phylogeny proposed by Borkent (2008), it presents the derived conditions of characters 1–3, 5–10, 13–18, 21, 25–26, 28–30, 33, 41, 43, 63–65, 68–69, 82, but is plesiomorphic to 42–44, 70–81, 84–89. Among the derived traits are: a short third anterior tarsomere, the presence of a slender, anteriorly positioned sub-basal seta on the gonostylus and the gonocoxite with the dorsomedial seta more basally located. Conflicting plesiomorphic characters are the posterior anepisternum without a thick, discrete anterodorsal margin and apex of gonostylus with an apical peg-like bristle instead of a slender seta. Three species, Corethrella evenhuisi, C. canningsi and C. pauciseta, belonging to Oceanian region (the latter also present in Orienatal region), present a similar combination of apomorphic and plesiomorphic character states (Borkent, 2008). Unfortunately, those species are only known as females, thereby hampering further comparisons, given that many of the relevant characters in C. stenostyla are related to male genitalia. Still, Corethrella stenostyla differs from those three species by its plain wings with narrow veins and mid and hind femora pale at base. It is nevertheless remarkable that the species with greatest similarity in morphology are found in such distant biogeographical regions, though only a new phylogenetic analysis of the family, including adults and immatures, molecular and other sources of character data will satisfactorily resolve their affinities. The other species recorded for Cuba, C. maculata (Lane, 1939), can be promptly differentiated from C. stenostyla sp. n. by its banded wings, pale halteres, tergites with whitish apical bands and gonocoxite with a dorsal row of five stout setae.Published as part of Amaral, André P., Bello-González, Orestes C. & Pinho, Luiz Carlos, 2021, Corethrella stenostyla sp. n., a new frog-biting midge (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from Cuba, pp. 595-598 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on pages 595-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/563806
Corethrella (Corethrella) munteantaroku Amaral, Mariano & Pinho 2019
No full text<p> <i>Corethrella</i> (<i>Corethrella</i>) <i>munteantaroku</i> Amaral, Mariano & Pinho, 2019</p> <p>Fig. 17; Appendix 1</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b></p> <p> BRAZIL – <b>Amazonas State</b> • 1 ♂, adult; Manaus, Res. Adolpho Ducke, Barro Branco; 2°55ʹ47ʺ S, 59°58ʹ22ʺ W; 73 m a.s.l.; 4–8 Nov. 2010; Pinho and Mendes leg.; Malaise, “ 100 m acima da ponte” [100 m ahead of the bridge]; INPA.</p> Description <p> <b>Male adult</b> (n = 1)</p> <p> HEAD (Fig. 17A). <b>Sensilla</b>: Ocular row with 2 thick offset setae at ventral part, 13 extending little beyond vertex. Subocular row indistinct, interocular space and vertex with few slender setae. Postgenal row with 15 slender setae, from mid-posterior to ventral portions. With 1 thick ventromedial seta.</p> <p> THORAX (Fig. 17B). <b>Sensilla</b>: Antepronotum with 3 slender setae anteriorly located. Postpronotum with 1 thick and 2 slender dorsal setae. Scutum, prescutal area with 7 thick and 3 slender setae clustered on anteroventral portion; 2 thick and 1 intermediate setae more posterodorsally. Antealar area with 11 thick/intermediate and 5 slender setae grouped posteroventrally. Supraalar area with 4 thick setae surrounded by 4 slender setae. Dorsocentral row, posterior part with 8 longitudinally aligned thick setae; additionally, 26 thick/intermediate and 9 slender setae completing the row. Scutellum with 12 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum with 3 slender dorsal setae. Anepimeron bare.</p> <p>WING. R 3 /R 1: 0.45; R 2+3 /R 2: 0.63.</p> <p> LEGS. Empodium (Amaral <i>et al.</i> 2019: 108, fig. 2d) of intermediate length, slender, with two branches. Ta1/Ta2: 2.00; Ta3/Ta4: 1.30.</p> Distribution and biology <p> This study examined the holotype of <i>Corethrella munteantaroku</i> Amaral <i>et al.</i>, 2019. From the original description: “This species is known only from the single individual collected with a Malaise trap at the type locality, the Barro Branco stream, in Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, AM. Barro Branco is a slow flowing, shallow stream, approximately 2m meters wide. It is surrounded by a fragment of Amazon rainforest just outside the limits of Manaus urban area.”</p> Remarks <p> Amaral <i>et. al.</i> (2019) described the posterior portion of the dorsocentral row as bearing one thick offset seta. This character is newly interpreted here. For a more detailed discussion, see Morphology remarks below. <i>Corethrella munteantaroku</i> was hypothesized as closely related to <i>C. blanda</i> Dyar, 1928 and <i>C. pallida</i> Lane, 1942, due to the presence of a wing band and anteromedial spicules on the gonocoxite (Amaral <i>et al.</i> 2019). Nevetheless, its short, slender, and two-branched empodium is more similar to the ones found in <i>C. alticola</i>, <i>C. amazonica</i> Lane, 1939, and <i>C. davisi</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Amaral, André P., Mariano, Rodolfo & Pinho, Luiz Carlos, 2023, Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, pp. 1-120 in European Journal of Taxonomy 874 (1)</i> on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.874.2135, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8037742">http://zenodo.org/record/8037742</a>
Saetherocladius fusus Andersen, Mendes & Pinho, 2010, sp. n.
No full textSaetherocladius fusus sp. n. (Figs 9–13) Type material. Holotype male, slide mounted in Canada balsam. Brazil: Santa Catarina State, Urubici, Morro da Igreja, 1.822 m a.s.l., 18.ix– 5.xii. 2004, Malaise trap, cloud forest, L.C. Pinho & L.E.M. Bizzo (MZUSP). Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from the other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: AR 0.70; virga 16 µm long; inferior and superior volsella well separated; inferior volsella sharply triangular, with dorsal microtrichia; gonostylus with strong outer projection and anal point tapering. Etymology. From Latin fusus, spindle, referring to the shape of the gonostylus. Male (n = 1). Total length 1.67 mm. Wing length 1.15 mm. Total length / wing length 1.45. Wing length / length of profemur 2.66. Coloration. Thorax and head dark brown; legs, abdomen and antennae brown. Head. AR 0.70. Ultimate flagellomere 256 µm long. Temporal setae 5 including 2 inner verticals and 3 outer verticals. Clypeus with 6 setae. Tentorium, stipes and cibarial pump as in Figure 9. Tentorium 84 µm long, 18 µm wide at sieve pore. Stipes 37 µm long. Palp segment lengths / widths (in µm): 16 / 14, 27 / 16, 70 / 20, 61 / 20, 84 / 14. Third palpomere with 4 sensilla clavata subapically, longest 16 µm long. Thorax (Fig. 10). Antepronotum with 2 setae. Dorsocentrals 14; acrostichals 16, starting close to antepronotum; prealars divided into 3 posterior and 4 anterior setae; supraalar 1. Scutellum with 4 setae. Wing (Fig. 11). VR 1.50. Costa not extended. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 5 setae, other veins bare. Squama bare. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 50 µm long, spurs of mid tibia 20 µm and 11 µm long, spurs of hind tibia 34 µm and 11 µm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 26 µm, of mid tibia 27 µm, of hind tibia 34 µm. Comb with 14 setae, longest 27 µm long, shortest 16 µm long. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 3. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 137 64 34 – – – – 0.47 – 4.01 2.7 p 2 122 117 52 28 16 8 10 0.44 4.69 4.60 3.0 p 3 132 141 89 41 38 14 13 0.63 3.41 3.07 3.1 Hypopygium (Figs 12–13). Anal point 15 µm long, 7 µm wide at base, 4 µm wide at apex, with 9 setae basally. Laterosternite IX with 4 setae. Phallapodeme 54 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 66 µm long. Virga 16 µm long. Gonocoxite 116 µm long. Gonostylus 73 µm long, with large, rounded crista dorsalis and strong outer projection; megaseta 9 µm long. HR 1.59. HV 2.28. Female and immatures. Unknown. Distribution and ecology. This species was collected in a Malaise trap in a pristine cloud forest at 1.822 m a.s.l. in Santa Catarina State.Published as part of Andersen, Trond, Mendes, Humberto F. & Pinho, Luiz C., 2010, Four new species of Saetherocladius Andersen et Mendes from Mata Atlântica, Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 2608 on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19774
Stenochironomus munteanpurin sp. n., a new leaf-mining species from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae)
No full textAmora, Gizelle, Hamada, Neusa, Pinho, Iz. C. (2018): Stenochironomus munteanpurin sp. n., a new leaf-mining species from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 4382 (3): 553-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.
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