28 research outputs found
Magnetopause reconnection across wide local time
No full textDuring April to July 2007 a combination of 10 spacecraft provided simultaneous monitoring of the dayside magnetopause across a wide range of local times. The array of four Cluster spacecraft, separated at large distances (10 000 km), were traversing the dawn-side magnetopause at high and low latitudes; the five THEMIS spacecraft were often in a 4 + 1 grouped configuration, traversing the low latitude, dusk-side magnetosphere, and the Double star, TC-1 spacecraft was in an equatorial orbit between the local times of the THEMIS and Cluster orbits. We show here a number of near simultaneous conjunctions of all 10 spacecraft at the magnetopause. One conjunction identifies an extended magnetic reconnection X-line, tilted in the low latitude, sub-solar region, which exists together with active anti-parallel reconnection sites extending to locations on the dawn-side flank. Oppositely moving FTE's are observed on all spacecraft, consistent with the initially strong IMF By conditions and the comparative locations of the spacecraft both dusk-ward and dawn-ward of noon. Comparison with other conjunctions of magnetopause crossings, which are also distributed over wide local times, supports the result that reconnection activity may occur at many sites simultaneously across the sub-solar and flank magnetopause, but linked to the large scale (extended) configuration of the merging line; broadly depending on IMF orientation. The occurrence of MR therefore inherently follows a "component" driven scenario irrespective of the guide field conditions. Some conjunctions allow the global magnetopause response to IMF changes to be observed and the distribution of spacecraft can directly confirm its shape, motion and deformation at local noon, dawn and dusk-side, simultaneously
Teacher appraisal : the impact of observation on teachers’ classroom behaviour
No full textThis thesis is based on three English language teacher case studies located in the Middle
East where classroom discourse has been analysed in order to establish the impact that
an appraisal observer has on teachers‘ behaviour. The literature suggests that the
presence of an observer alters events in the classroom, but to date there has not been any
research into the nature of these changes which draws on transcripts of observed lessons.
Each teacher recorded a model (observed) and a pedagogic (non–observed) lesson with
similar parameters so that they could be compared, and commonalities and differences
identified. The teachers were then interviewed in order to establish their understanding
of the salient features of appraisal observations, as were three supervisors responsible for
observing teachers in similar contexts. Transcripts of the lessons were analysed using
SETT (Walsh, 2006), and the interview data was also transcribed and evaluated.
The results indicate that there are significant differences between model and pedagogic
lessons in terms of the external factors (planning, sequencing, interaction, amount of
administration, student use of L1). However, the internal factors (the features of
ongoing verbal interaction between teacher and students in the classroom) remain
fundamentally the same whether or not an observer is present, although the teacher
demonstrates greater control in a model lesson.
By analysing transcripts of classroom interaction, this research indicates what happens
in the classroom when teachers are being observed, providing data to confirm existing
claims about observer effects, and suggesting that the learner role is greater than
originally thought. The importance of observer training is identified, as well as the need
for a fundamental review of observation, encompassing all parties involved, if it is to be
a true reflection of the classroom behaviour of the teacher being observed
Effect of Stimulus and Response Separation on Brushtail Possum Behaviour in a MTS task
No full textBrushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, were presented with five rows of blue and yellow stimuli (levels one-five) arranged vertically 20 mm apart, above the response levers. For each level each possum was trained to complete a Matching to Sample task at zero seconds delay. Generally, possums showed peak performance at the level presently being trained across all levels. There was also a decrease in performance at levels further from the trained level, suggesting performance generalised to similar levels. The findings from this experiment provide evidence for placing stimuli and response manipulanda close together to improve acquisition of a task, and increase the responding accuracy in DMTS experiments. This suggests that the relative position of stimuli and response manipulanda is critical to possums performing a MTS task. These findings also have implications for experiments other than MTS and could be applied to study involving other marsupials
Compliance risk management strategies for tax administrations in developing countries : a case study of the Malaysian revenue authority
No full textThe aim of this study is to achieve a better understanding of risk management as
practised by tax administrations of developed countries and to ascertain what
prevents the developing countries from managing risks efficiently and effectively.
Tax administrations are faced with challenges to ensure voluntary compliance
with the tax law. Compliance risk that is generally faced by tax administrations in
relation to the implementation of the Self-Assessment System (SAS) is further
explored. A well-designed risk management strategy enables tax administrations
to manage risks efficiently whilst reducing administrative costs in the process.
The empirical evidence indicates that, in developing countries, the level of
compliance is generally low and the administrative capability of tax agencies is
relatively poor. In an effort to increase tax compliance, tax administrations in
developing countries tend to adopt a traditional approach to their duties by
implementing a command-and-control mechanism.
The majority of tax compliance research has been written from the perspective of
taxpayers. This study, in contrast, investigates the perspective of a tax
administration in a developing country; hence the Malaysian Tax Administration,
also known as the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) has been selected
as a case study. Compliance risk management by the IRBM is addressed in order
to understand the agency’s activities that are designed to encourage voluntary
compliance and manage compliance risk. This qualitative research uses
responsive regulation theory as a concept to underpin this investigation. This
study also develops a conceptual framework which combines three major themes:
tax compliance, risk management and responsive regulation. Responsive
regulation in the tax administrations of developing countries is considered a new
concept, thus warranting further study. Responsive regulation encourages a soft
approach to handling non-compliant taxpayers, resorting to a hard approach only
if taxpayers refuse to comply. Empirical data was collected through face-to-face
interviews with senior officials of the IRBM and tax practitioners in Malaysia to
elicit the interviewees’ perceptions of risk and IRBM risk management practices.
To enrich data collection, secondary data was collected from a range of published
and unpublished printed materials from the IRBM.
Findings from this study suggest that IRBM risk management strategies conform
to responsive regulation theory. Various education programmes are conducted by
the IRBM to assist and encourage voluntary compliance. The study reveals that
Malaysian taxpayers’ compliance behaviour is influenced by tax knowledge,
culture and their perceptions of the government administering the revenue.
Knowledge gained from this study would provide insights for tax administrations
in other developing countries of IRBM risk management practices in fostering
voluntary compliance and self-regulation
The European Trade in Stained Glass, with Special Reference to the Trade between the Rhineland and the United Kingdom 1794-1835
No full textThe study is set against a period of cultural and political change in Continental Europe and the United Kingdom at the beginning of the nineteenth century. As a result of the Concordat between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII signed on the 15 July 1801, the Pope agreed that he and his successors would take no action against the buyers of church property. In this way the secularising of church property, firstly in France and later in other countries, was legalised. The wholesale redistribution began during the Peace of Amiens in 1802, one of the “Goods” on offer being stained glass. The United Kingdom was the primary beneficiary of this redistribution with its emerging interest in historical objects, firstly antiquarian, then commercial and later intellectual.
Because of the extent of the trade in stained glass in this period the study concentrates on the trade between the Rhineland and the United Kingdom, with the focus being between 1815-1835, when a new constellation of buyers, sellers and installers of Rhenish stained glass appeared. The function of the appendices is twofold: firstly to remove detailed but relevant data from the main text so as not to obscure the main argument and secondly to provide the reader with data not strictly within the parameters of the thesis.
The analysis of the available and newly discovered data takes three approaches to acquisition and installation and is presented in three case studies. Firstly the activities of the Regency Contractor architects, highlighting Sir Jeffry Wyatville and William Wilkins who were responsible for the most significant Rhenish stained glass installations in this period. The second analyses Edward Spenser Curling (1771-1850) whose newly discovered diary (by the author) of his activities between 1827-36, sheds new light on the detailed mechanics of the stained glass trade of this period and the networks existing in Cologne and the United Kingdom. The discovery of this diary proves that Curling acquired all the Altenberg and St Apern stained glass panels presently in the United Kingdom. The third study analyses a number of facets that influenced the trade in the United Kingdom, particularly the activities of the stained glass painters Betton and Evans
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTED PRODUCTIVITY LITERATURE
No full text"This paper annotates and cites literature that is relevant to...agricultural productivity analysis...[includes] agricultural productivity studies for all countries dating back to World War II."Productivity Analysis,
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
Publisher correction: Novel pleiotropic risk loci for melanoma and nevus density implicate multiple biological pathways
No full textThe original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Fan Liu and M. Arfan Ikram, which were incorrectly given as Fan Lui and Arfan M. Ikram.\ua0In addition,\ua0the original version of this Article also\ua0contained errors\ua0in the author affiliations which are detailed in the associated Publisher Correction
Realizing The Americans with Abilities Act: Promoting Civil Rights & Capabilities in the Service of Individuals with Brain Injury
No full textBrain injuries often result in varying degrees of impairment to communication and cognitive processes, impeding an individual’s ability to engage in daily activities, participate in social interactions, and achieve independence. This paper builds upon our legislative proposal from Designing An Americans With Abilities Act: Consciousness, Capabilities, and Civil Rights, published in the Boston College Law Review in 2022. That paper proposed new legislation called “The Americans with Abilities Act” (“AWAA”), a comprehensive framework for the effective development, uptake, and utilization of advanced assistive technology (“AT”). These technologies aid individuals with brain injuries in realizing their capabilities and reintegrating into broader society.
Addressing the crucial need for person-centered disability legislation, the AWAA would establish a comprehensive and coordinated governmental effort to assist the recovery journey of brain injury survivors and their families. It does this through establishing tailored support networks and new mechanisms for improved research, development, and uptake of accessible AT. When offered to those with brain injuries, AT can foster communication and improve reintegration.
This paper builds on our 2022 paper, focusing on administrative law and civil rights to introduce a central component of the AWAA: an innovative interagency committee called “The Interagency Committee for Brain Injury Recovery” (“ICBIR”). The ICBIR will synergize efforts among healthcare providers, technology experts, rehabilitation specialists, those with brain injuries and their family members, to create cohesive individualized care plans. These plans will more effectively address the multifaceted needs of brain injury survivors throughout their long recovery, while supporting their civil liberties and fostering reintegration.
Our legislation includes a structured framework that ensures equitable access to rehabilitation, medical support, and state-of-the-art AT tailored to the needs of brain injury survivors. These benefits improve independence, quality of life, and communication. By facilitating effective communication, cognitive rehabilitation, and community reintegration, the AWAA aims to address the unique challenges that brain injury survivors encounter during their recovery process. The AWAA will also nurture the independence and well-being of brain injury survivors by broadening their capabilities, thus enhancing their prospects for community reintegration and independent living.
Through a person-centered administrative law approach, the AWAA and its constitutive ICBIR catalyze governmental support systems for brain injury survivors by bolstering their capabilities and safeguarding their civil rights. Ultimately, this legislative endeavor exemplifies a transformative step toward fostering inclusivity, maximizing potential, and creating a society that embraces diverse abilities
Realizing The Americans with Abilities Act: Promoting Civil Rights & Capabilities in the Service of Individuals with Brain Injury
No full textBrain injuries often result in varying degrees of impairment to communication and cognitive processes, impeding an individual’s ability to engage in daily activities, participate in social interactions, and achieve independence. This paper builds upon our legislative proposal from Designing An Americans With Abilities Act: Consciousness, Capabilities, and Civil Rights, published in the Boston College Law Review in 2022. That paper proposed new legislation called “The Americans with Abilities Act” (“AWAA”), a comprehensive framework for the effective development, uptake, and utilization of advanced assistive technology (“AT”). These technologies aid individuals with brain injuries in realizing their capabilities and reintegrating into broader society.
Addressing the crucial need for person-centered disability legislation, the AWAA would establish a comprehensive and coordinated governmental effort to assist the recovery journey of brain injury survivors and their families. It does this through establishing tailored support networks and new mechanisms for improved research, development, and uptake of accessible AT. When offered to those with brain injuries, AT can foster communication and improve reintegration.
This paper builds on our 2022 paper, focusing on administrative law and civil rights to introduce a central component of the AWAA: an innovative interagency committee called “The Interagency Committee for Brain Injury Recovery” (“ICBIR”). The ICBIR will synergize efforts among healthcare providers, technology experts, rehabilitation specialists, those with brain injuries and their family members, to create cohesive individualized care plans. These plans will more effectively address the multifaceted needs of brain injury survivors throughout their long recovery, while supporting their civil liberties and fostering reintegration.
Our legislation includes a structured framework that ensures equitable access to rehabilitation, medical support, and state-of-the-art AT tailored to the needs of brain injury survivors. These benefits improve independence, quality of life, and communication. By facilitating effective communication, cognitive rehabilitation, and community reintegration, the AWAA aims to address the unique challenges that brain injury survivors encounter during their recovery process. The AWAA will also nurture the independence and well-being of brain injury survivors by broadening their capabilities, thus enhancing their prospects for community reintegration and independent living.
Through a person-centered administrative law approach, the AWAA and its constitutive ICBIR catalyze governmental support systems for brain injury survivors by bolstering their capabilities and safeguarding their civil rights. Ultimately, this legislative endeavor exemplifies a transformative step toward fostering inclusivity, maximizing potential, and creating a society that embraces diverse abilities
