1,721,015 research outputs found
Electrochemotherapy with intravenous bleomycin for treatment of Feline Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Experience in 12 cats
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant electrochemotherapy (ECT) with intravenous bleomy- cin for the treatment of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head in cats
Soft tissue sarcoma in dogs: a treatment review and a novel approach using electrochemotherapy in a case series Soft tissue sarcoma
No full textCanine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are locally invasive mesenchymal neoplasms. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an antitumour local ablative treatment that uses electric pulses to enhance the intracellular delivery of cytotoxic drugs. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the current treatment for STSs and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ECT with bleomycin in canine STSs. Fifty-two dogs with 54 STSs were included. Three groups were arranged: (1) ECT alone, (2) intra-operative ECT, and (3) adjuvant ECT. Signalment, tumour size, location, histological grade and margins, and ECT parameters were collected. Recurrence rate (RR), and disease-free interval (DFI) were calculated. Treatment toxicity was assessed using a 6-point scale. STSs were mostly located on limbs (77.8%). Median tumour size was 4.3 cm (range 0.4-17.0 cm). Most STSs were grade I (47.7%) and II (50.0%) and histological margins were incomplete in 94.5% of cases. Two complete remissions, one partial remission and one stable disease were recorded in group 1. Group 2 and 3 were similar for tumour location, size and grade, histological margins, treatment toxicity, pulse frequency and voltage. Moreover, RR and DFI were similar between group 2 and 3 (23% and 25%, 81.5 and 243 days, respectively). Local toxicity post ECT was mild (score ≤2) in 66.7% of cases. Higher toxicity score was associated with higher pulse voltage (1200 V/cm vs. 1000 V/cm) (p=0.0473). ECT coupled with bleomycin resulted safe and efficient in tumour local control and should be considered as an option for treatment of canine STSs
Pannicolite e miosite granulomatosa sterile idiopatica in un cane con concomitante Leishmaniosi oculare localizzata
Full text linkUn Bassotto veniva sottoposto a terapia immunosoppressiva
corticosteroidea inizialmente
per sialoadenite granulomatosa bilaterale aspecifica,
poi per pannicolite granulomatosa sterile,
infine per miositi granulomatose sterili fino
alla decisione di mantenere un dosaggio minimo
efficace di metilprednisolone. Nel periodo
di osservazione il cane presentava leucopenia e
linfocitopenia. Il mantenimento di corticosteroidi
alla dose minima efficace permetteva di
mantenere la malattia in remissione. Durante la
terapia il paziente sviluppava una forma di Leishmaniosi
in sede oculare responsiva al trattamento
eziologico
FROM HUMANS TO DOGS AND BACK: THE TRANSLATIONAL LESSON OF METRONOMIC CHEMOTHERAPY
No full textThe main priority in veterinary oncology is to maintain patient quality of life. It is important that new
chemotherapy strategies aim to minimize side effects, thus making the treatment attractive for owners as
well as their pets. Metronomic chemotherapy has been shown to have an important stabilizing effect on
human cancer (including chemotherapy-resistant disease) resulting in prolonged clinical benefit. In addition,
this form of treatment has been shown to have positive effects on the quality of life of patients with various
types of cancer. These positive effects are obtained without any indication of high grade toxicity. Moreover,
low cost and oral administration (which reduces the need for hospitalization and enables patients to stay at
home longer) are key characteristics of this schedule, offering important advantages in frail subgroups of
patients (e.g., old patients) for whom new therapeutic options are greatly needed. From another perspective,
use of metronomic chemotherapy in dogs could reveal new and innovative schedules that could be applied
to humans. Veterinary oncology cases treated with metronomic schedules represent the unique opportunity
to ethically investigate novel drugs or combination treatments that may be highly translatable to the human
community. The aim of the present review was to describe how this new form of treatment has evolved in
canine patients thus far
Usefulness of cytologic criteria in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates from subcentimeter canine mammary tumors
Full text linkWe determined cytologic features of histologically confirmed subcentimeter canine mammary tumors (CMTs) to determine reasonable criteria for an accurate cytologic diagnosis. Fifty-three CMTs from 28 bitches were included. All cytologic samples were collected by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, stained with May-Grünwald/Giemsa, and retrospectively evaluated using a scoring system established for 18 cytologic features. Mean nuclear area (MNA) was also measured for each sample by a computer-assisted program. Based on the histologic diagnosis, CMTs were divided into 2 groups: malignant tumors (25) and benign lesions (15). Data were statistically analyzed using Fisher and Mann-Whitney tests. Chromatin pattern ( p < 0.05) and macrophage infiltration ( p < 0.05) were significantly different between the groups. Median MNA was significantly ( p < 0.05) larger in malignant tumors. The evaluation of these cytologic features in subcentimeter CMTs may increase the sensitivity of cytology. les
Serum amino acid profile in 51 dogs with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE): a pilot study on clinical aspects and outcomes
Full text linkBackground: Lower levels of tryptophan (TRP) have been identified in people with inflammatory bowel disease and in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). No data on serum amino acids (AAs) but some on plasma in canine immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE) are available. The aim of this study is to compare serum AAs between healthy and IRE dogs, considering clinicopathological variables and follow-up.
Results: Twenty-six healthy control dogs (CD) and 51 IRE dogs were included. IRE was diagnosed after the exclusion of extra-intestinal diseases and food and antibiotic responsive enteropathies. The canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) was assessed at presentation and during the clinical follow-up. In CD and IRE dogs, 19 different serum AAs were measured. IRE dogs were classified into responders, partial responders and non-responders, based on CCECAI after 1 month, and divided into PLE and non-PLE, based on albumin level. IRE dogs showed lower L-Tyrosine (TYR), L-Phenylalanine (PHE) and TRP (p < 0.001) and higher L-Serine (SER), L-Glutamic acid (GLU), L-Arginine (p < 0.001), L-Threonine (p = 0.013), Proline (p = 0.044), L-Cysteine (p = 0.003), L-Valine (p = 0.018), L-Lysine (p = 0.01) and L-Isoleucine (p = 0.005) than CDs. PLE dogs showed lower L-Histidine (HIS) (p = 0.008), PHE (p = 0.005) and TRP (p = 0.005) than non-PLE dogs. In IRE dogs, median GLU was significantly lower in dogs with BCS 3/9 than BCS 5/9 category (p = 0.036). Total protein was positively correlated with PHE and TRP (both p = 0.031, r = 0.30) and albumin was positively correlated with HIS (p = 0.025, r = 0.31), PHE and TRP (both p = 0.001, r = 0.46). HIS (p = 0.041), PHE (p = 0.047) and TRP (p = 0.044) concentrations were significantly lower in non-responders than in responders and partial responders.
Conclusions: This study may suggest further investigation on serum, HIS, PHE, TRP and TYR as markers of intestinal disease and proposed HIS, PHE and TRP as prognostic marker for response to therapy
Evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of abdominal ultrasonography in dogs with clinical signs of acute pancreatitis
No full textOBJECTIVETo report abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) findings in dogs with clinical signs of acute pancreatitis (AP) during the first 2 days of hospitalization and to compare AUS findings with severity of disease and mortality rate.ANIMALS37 client-owned dogs with clinical signs of AP.PROCEDURESDogs suspected of having AP with complete medical records, AUS examinations performed throughout the first 2 days of hospitalization, and available frozen surplus serum samples for quantitative measurement of canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) concentrations at hospital admission met the criteria for study inclusion. Dogs were grouped as AUS+ or AUS- on the basis of positive or negative findings for AP on AUS, respectively. Abdominal ultrasonography findings of AP were stratified (as mild, moderate, or severe) by use of an AUS severity index, and a canine acute pancreatitis severity score was calculated.RESULTS24 of 37 (64.8%) dogs had AUS findings of AP at hospital admission, whereas 10 had positive findings for AP on AUS within 2 days of hospitalization. Three (8%) dogs were AUS- but had serum cPL concentrations > 400 mu g/L (ie, values considered diagnostic for AP). On the AUS severity index, 5 of 34 (14.7%) AUS+ dogs had mild findings, 18 (52.9%) AUS+ dogs had moderate findings, and 11 (32.4%) AUS+ dogs had severe findings. Severe findings were associated with a higher risk of death than mild and moderate findings. A significant association was found between canine acute pancreatitis severity scores and mortality rates.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCEFor dogs with clinical signs of AP, repeated AUS examinations during hospitalization should be performed, severe findings on the AUS severity index may indicate an increased risk of death, and serum cPL concentrations may increase earlier than findings on AUS of AP
KIDNEY INJURY IN DOGS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS
No full textAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease in dogs characterized by a wide spectrum of
clinical signs, as anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. AP can lead to
kidney injury via hypovolemia, cytokine-induced ischemia, inflammation and oxidative
stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of kidney injury in dogs with
AP. The study enrolled 65 dogs with positivity to SNAP cPL® test and clinical and
laboratory signs suggestive of AP. Dogs with non-pancreatic acute abdominal disease
were excluded. WBC, neutrophil count, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum creatinine
(SrCr) and urea and urinalysis were evaluated at time of diagnosis. The magnitude of AP
was assessed using the clinical severity index (CSI) as described by Mansfield (2008). The
patients were divided into two groups: survivors and non-survivors. Non-survivors
included dogs, which died within seven days from admission. Data were statistically
analysed using GraphPad Prism® for Mac. The study population was composed by intact
(n=30) and spayed females (n=13), and intact (n=34) and neutered males (n=2). Patients
showed median age of 8.8 (0.4–14.6) years, BCS of 5/9 (2/9-7/9) and body weight of 16
(2.5-64) kg. Overall seven-day survival was 67.7% 44/65 dogs . CSI≥5 was associated
with poor outcome (p=0.047) and elevated CRP (p=0.014). Dogs with CRP three-fold
higher than upper reference range, showed a significantly poorer outcome (p=0.0003).
SrCr>1.5 mg/dL and urea>55 mg/dL above the reference range were significantly
associated with increased risk of death (p<0.0001 and p<0.0009 respectively). In this
study ove all mo tality ate was 32.3% and 37% in dogs wit CSI≥4. Howeve in t is
cohort of dogs median CSI was 4 and 66% of dogs were in CSI≥4 g oup. o t is eason
median CSI was used to divide dogs into two g oups and dogs wit CSI≥5 n=32 ave
been associated with increased risk of death (13/32, 40%). Previous study reported an
overall mortality rate of 23% for all dogs and 53% for dogs wit CSI sco e≥4. evious
studies have failed to find a correlation between CRP and outcome or CSI. In our cohort
of patients C s owed a low sensibility and it was associated wit CSI≥5. Patients with 3xCRP showed a significantly higher risk of death; comorbility or multi organic
dysfunction syndrome could be more frequent in these patients. In canine AP elevated
SrCr has been reported as prognostic marker. Previous study found that dogs with renal
damage sco e 2 anu ia o a otemia≥1.5-fold increase in serum urea and SrCr) had a
higher mortality rate than dogs with renal damage score 0 or 1. However, renal damage
score was a part of a multiple organ CSI, making the role of azotemia unclear. In a more
recent study, 55% of dogs with AP showed elevated SrCr, but it was not prognostic. In
this cohort of dogs, elevation in serum urea or SrCr have been associated with poor
outcome
CANINE MAMMARY CYTOLOGY: CAN WE IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSTIC POWER?
No full textTo evaluate the cytologic features that may help in achieving a diagnosis of malignant mammary tumours
Cytological specimens and their histopathological samples from subcentimetric mammary nodules in
bitches of variable age and breed reached at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Pisa from
January 2012 to May 2013 were collected. All cytologic samples were evaluated for nineteen specific
cytological features as well as for mean nuclear area by NIS-Elements D 3.1 (Nikon). Data were analyzed
with Mann-Whitney U test by SPSS 21.0.0 program
40 nodules were included; 25 malignant carcinoma and 15 benign lesions. Reticular or granular chromatin
pattern (p=0,026), abundant macrophage infiltration (p=0,01), severe anisokaryosis (p=0,04) and greater
mean nuclear area (p=0,019) were frequently observed in samples from malignant tumours and their
frequencies statistically higher than in benign tumours
Mammary gland tumors are common in dogs and represent the most common neoplasms in sexually intact
female dogs(1). To date, unlike in human medicine, cytological diagnosis of canine mammary nodules
remains a challenge (2,3). Maybe the systematic observation of chromatin pattern, macrophage infiltration,
grade of anisokaryosis and mean nuclear area can help to discriminate between benign and malignant
lesion, improving the diagnostic power of canine mammary cytology
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