330 research outputs found
Input-Output Economics: Theory and Applications - Featuring Asian Economies
No full textThijs ten Raa, author of the acclaimed text The Economics of Input–Output Analysis, now takes the reader to the forefront of the field. This volume collects and unifies his and his co-authors' research papers on national accounting, Input–Output coefficients, economic theory, dynamic models, stochastic analysis, and performance analysis. The research is driven by the task to analyze national economies. The final part of the book scrutinizes the emerging Asian economies in the light of international competition
Competitive Pressure on China: Factor Rewards Migration
No full textOur objective is to assess personal income under perfect competition, when factors are rewarded according to their productivities, and to contrast the ensuing distribution with the status quo.Competition will yield winners and losers, both in terms of factor claims and in terms of regions or provinces. Income differences will press people to migrate.To analyze this, we divide China into 30 input-output sectors and 27 provinces; we maximize domestic final demand, while preserving its proportions in each province, subject to material balances and factor constraints.The shadow prices to the constraints represent competitive commodity prices and factor rewards.Unskilled labor would stand to lose and, therefore, inequality would mount.The pressure on interprovincial migration would be enormous with 10 to 20% of the people on the road.The flipside is the great potential for improvement of the average standard of living.competition;income distribution;migration
A simplicial algorithm for the nonlinear stationary point problem on an unbounded polyhedron
No full textDevelopment of Elastomeric Composites from Iron Sand and Natural Rubber for Vibration Damping
No full textMaterial with high damping capability is used to reduce vibration in structures. Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are a new group of damping materials which consist of an elastomeric matrix containing a suspension of magnetically permeable particles. Damping occurs mainly by the viscous flow of the rubber matrix and inclusion of magnetic particles in the rubber enables additional damping through magnetic particle interaction and interfacial damping. The aim of this thesis was to produce MREs based on iron sand and natural rubber that have good damping performance for potential use in vibration damping.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was carried out in an isothermal shearmode to measure the changes in material properties caused by vulcanization in order to assess the optimum cure time of rubber compounds to ensure the best damping performance. The results revealed that the shear storage modulus (G′), shear loss modulus (G′′) and tan δ all reflect the vulcanization process, however, tan δ gave the best representation of the level of vulcanization. Indeed, tan δ was able to be used to derive the optimum cure time for rubber compounds and showed good agreement with the results using conventional methodology.
The Taguchi method was employed to investigate the effect of a number of factors, namely, iron sand content, iron sand particle size and applied magnetic field during curing on tan δ and energy dissipated during hysteresis tests. The data were then statistically analysed to predict the optimal combination of factors and experiments were then conducted for verification. It was found that the iron sand content had the greatest influence on tan δ when measured over a range of frequency (0.01-130Hz at 0.5% strain amplitude and at room temperature) as well as on the energy dissipated during the hysteresis tests. The iron sand content and magnetic field were also found to influence the width of the peak in tan δ as a function of temperature (studied over the range -100 to 50ºC at 1Hz and 0.5% strain amplitude). However, none of the factors showed significant influence on tan δ for the plateau region from 1.0-4.5% strain amplitude at 100Hz and at room temperature, which is likely to be due to breakdown of weak interactions between iron sand and rubber at low strain amplitudes and therefore, damping being dominated by the viscous flow of the rubber matrix and friction of rubber chains and iron sand. Evidence from SEM micrographs of MRE sections showed that isotropic MREs had uniform particle distribution and that alignment of magnetic particles occurred for anisotropic MREs as a consequence of an applied magnetic field. However, obvious gaps between iron sand and rubber were evident, suggesting weak interaction between iron sand andrubber.
Bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphane (TESPT) was employed for surface modification of iron sand. The amount of TESPT was varied at five levels (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10wt%) relative to iron sand content to assess the optimum amount of coupling agent for interfacial bonding and damping performance. Evidence that coupling had occurred between iron sand and TESPT was identified by Raman Spectroscopy and the grafting percentage was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Crosslink density assessment by swelling testing provided evidence that the tetrasulphane group of TESPT formed crosslinks with the rubber chains. The results exhibited the advantages of TESPT as a coupling agent between iron sand particles and rubber and also revealed that 6% TESPT content produced the highest crosslink density. It was found that the silane coupling agent improved the amount of energy dissipated during hysteresis tests as well as tan δ over the range of frequency and strain amplitude explored. The results also revealed that with silane treated iron sand, tan δ increased with increasing magnetic field up to a saturation point at 600 mT. However, the presence of coupling agent and formation of different lengths of aligned particles did not strongly affect the peak height and width of the tan δ versus temperature curves.
Tan δ and energy dissipated during hysteresis testing of isotropic and anisotropic MREs containing silane modified iron sand particles were compared with existing antivibration rubbers. The chosen antivibration rubbers for comparison contained different contents of carbon black filler (30, 50 and 70 phr) in a natural rubber matrix. Energy absorption for comparative samples was generally higher than isotropic and anisotropic MREs over the range of frequency and strain amplitude explored, as well as in hysteresis testing and this was believed to be largely due the presence of carbon black in the existing antivibration rubber formulations. Further assessment was carried out on materials that were the same as the anisotropic MREs except they had additions of carbon black. The energy absorption was generally found higher than comparative samples with the same carbon black contents, supporting the use of iron sand to improve damping. However, this trend was found to reverse at around Tg, which is considered to be due to the segmental motion of rubber chains being by far the most significant influence on energy absorption in the glass transition zone.
A model was developed to include viscous flow of the rubber matrix, interfacial damping and magnetism-induced damping to give the total damping capacity of MREs. The proposed model was assessed experimentally using a series of isotropic and anisotropic MREs. Comparison between tan δ with predicted damping capacity showed that the predicted damping capacity matched the experimental trends with average percentage difference of 8.1% and 21.8% for MREs with modified iron sand and unmodified iron sand, respectively
Pembelajaran baca Al-Quran dengan menggunakan metode Qiroati di RAA Baipas Roudlotul Jannah Malang
No full textINDONESIA:
Mengajarkan Al-Quran merupakan mengajarkan orang-orang untuk membaca dan mempelajari dengan benar berdasarkan hukum tajwid. Mengajarkan ilmu-ilmu lain secara umum atau menyampaikan sebagian ilmu yang dimiliki kepada orang lain adalah perbuatan mulia dan mendapatkan pahala dari Allah, tentu mengajarkan Al-Quran kepada anak usia dini juga merupakan perbuatan mulia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui bagaimana pembelajaran baca Al-Quran dengan menggunakan metode Qiroati di RAA Baipas Roudlotul Jannah Malang, 2) mengetahui bagaimana evaluasi pembelajaran baca Al-Quran dengan menggunakan metode Qiroati.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan salah satu jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif adalah berupa penelitian yang berfokus pada studi kasus yang terjadi ditempat tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan obsevasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan triangulasi. Analisis data dilakukan berdasarkan oleh Miles dan Huberman (analisis data di lapangan) yang terdiri dari empat alur, yaitu : pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan.
Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) pembelajaran baca Al-Quran dengan menggunakan metode Qiroati di RAA Baipas Roudlotul Jannah Malang dilakukan dengan dua pengajaran, yakni: klasikal, yaitu pengajaran secara beersama-sama, dan individual yaitu pengajaran secara satu per satu. Waktu pembelajaran baca Al-Quran dengan metode Qiroati di RAA Baipas Roudlotul Jannah Malang adalah satu jam. Ada beberapa faktor pendukung pembelajaran baca Al-Quran: a) santri, b) guru, c) alokasi waktu, d) media pembelajaran. Dan faktor penghambatnya: a) motivasi yang kurang dari orangtua, b) guru, c) santri. 2) evaluasi pembelajaran baca Al-Quran dengan menggunakan metode Qiroati di RAA Baipas Roudlotul Jannah: a) prinsip evaluasi adalah keterlibatan siswa. Sangat berkaitan dengan metode belajar CBSA (Cara Belajar Siswa Aktif). Siswa yang belajar juga membutuhkan evaluasi hasil belajarnya, dan juga sama dengan evaluasi yang dibutuhkan oleh guru sebagai pengajar, b) teknik evaluasi yang digunakan yaitu teknik tes. Siswa akan dites setiap harinya oleh guru di sekolah, dan oleh orangtua di rumah.
ENGLISH:
Teaching Quran means teaching people to read and to learn Quran correctly based on the laws of tajwid. Teaching or sharing of knowledge that we have to other people is a noble act. So does teaching Quran for young children. It is also a noble act and it will get the reward from Allah. This research aims to find out how the learning of Quran reading by using Qiroati method at RAA Baipas Roudlotul Jannah Malang is done.
This research used a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive research. One of the descriptive qualitative researches was research that focused on case studies that occurred in that place. Data collecting method used observation, interviews, documentation and triangulation. Data analysis based on Miles and Huberman (data analysis in the field). It consisted of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion.
This research shows that Learning of Quran reading by using the Qiroati method at RAA Baipas Roudlotul Jannah Malang runs effectively. It strongly refers to the provisions of K.H. Dahlan Salim Az-Zarkasyi from Semarang as the author of teaching book of Quran using Qiroati method. Learning of Qiroati is done differently or it is adjusted with the Qiroati volume class, namely: Individual, Classical-Individual, and Classical-Reading Listening. The teachers (ustadz/ustadzah)’ efforts in improving the Quran reading and writing at RAA Baipas Roudlotul Jannah Malang are by using classical and individual methods and understanding the differences of each individual santri (students).
A learning method used in an educational institution must have evaluation techniques. There are several evaluation techniques used at RAA Baipas: 1) the evaluation conducted by educators, 2) the evaluation conducted by parents at home. This way can establish a good cooperation between educators and parents of students. The method used in this research used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collecting method used observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data would be analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing
- …
